Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
I ka poʻe o ke koʻokoʻo beaver manaʻo ʻia kokoke i ka nui o kāna mau lunamakaʻāinana. Ma ka Hemisphere Hikina, ʻaʻohe ona lua e like ai. Akā ma ke Komohana, ʻo ka capybara wale nō ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me lākou - he mammal he poʻokela i ka nui ma waena o nā rodents o ka honua honua holoʻokoʻa.
No nā beaver, he mau mika ka poʻe o lākou e noho ana ma ka panalāʻau o Eurasia, a ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoiai ke piʻi nei ko lākou kaumaha i 32 kg. Eia nō naʻe, ma Kanada aia kekahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana beaver a ʻoi aku ka nui. Hiki i ke kaumaha o nā ʻelemākule ke hōʻea i 45 kg.
I ke kiʻi, ka beaver maʻamau
A ʻaʻole kēlā beavers ʻOi aku ka nui o ka Honua Hou (maʻamau ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe) ulu wale lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻōpio, akā i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a no laila hiki iā lākou ke kaena i nā hōʻailona kaumaha o ke kino e ka ʻelemakule. I ka manawa like, i ka hoʻokūkū o ka moekolohe i kēia mau holoholona e noho nei ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻelua, ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hapalua wahine e hoʻomalu nei i nā mea āpau, e like me ka nui a me ka nui.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi nā kūpuna o nā beaver o kēia au - nā mea ola i hoʻomaka e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole ma ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau paha i ka hopena o Eocene (40 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) a ua noho ma ka Honua ma hope - he ʻekolu mau mika ka nui a me ka nui o 350 kg (maʻalahi kēia. ʻike ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona mōʻalihaku o kēlā mau manawa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā paleontologists).
Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver o kēia manawa. Nānā kona kino ma muli o nā wāwae pōkole kūpono ʻole, a ʻo nā lālā he ʻelima mau manamana, i lako me nā māiʻuʻu ikaika. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka holoholona, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka waha, hāwele ka lae.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā maka e nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, a me kahi ihu nui nui. Pālahalaha nā pepeiao o nā beaver, pōkole, me he mea lā kua ʻia. ʻO kēia nā meaola semi-aquatic, a no laila, ma ke kūlohelohe, he nui nā kikoʻī o ka helehelena e kōkua iā lākou e noho ʻoluʻolu i kēia ʻano.
A ʻo ka mea mua, eia nā membrane ma nā ʻūhā a me kahi huelo lōʻihi e like me ka hoe, i uhi ʻia me nā huluhulu a me nā unahi horny, a me ka huluhulu kokoke i pulu. ʻO ka hope he mānoanoa, undercoat palupalu, ma luna e ulu a mānoanoa ka lauoho. ʻĀlohilohi a nani wale kēia hulu, hiki ke ʻeleʻele, chestnut i nā ʻano o nā aka, a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Lāʻau Beaver
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻohana beaver i ka wā prehistoric ma mua o kēia manawa. Akā i kēia lā he ʻelua wale nō ia o nā ʻano, a mākou i ʻōlelo aʻe ai ma luna, no ka mea, māhelehele ʻia lākou e like me kā lākou noho.
Kai hoʻohele wai
ʻO kēia nā ʻano Eurasia a me Kanada. E waiho wale ana e wehewehe iā lākou i ke kikoʻī, e ʻōlelo ana i ka manawa like i manaʻo ʻia he relics nā mea ʻelua. I kēia lā, i waena o nā rodents, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e nā genetistists, ʻaʻohe o nā hoahānau pili o nā beaver, ʻoiai lākou i manaʻo ʻia he suborder o ka squirrel-like.
- Beaver o ka muliwai (maʻamau) - no ka mea he maʻamau ka kāhea ʻana i nā ʻano Eurasia. Loaʻa ʻo ia ma Lūkia, noho pū ʻo ia ma Kina a me Mongolia. Noho mau ia ma kahi o nā kino wai o ka nahele-steppe (loko, loko wai a i ʻole nā kahawai mālie), momona nā kahawai i nā mea ulu lāʻau.
- ʻO ka beaver Kanada kahi ʻōiwi o ka hema o Kanada a me kekahi mau mokuʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. He mea hoihoi ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu i komo ka ʻāpana (ʻo ka nui loa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia) i Scandinavia. Ua aʻa ma laila a hoʻomaka a laha aʻe i ka Hikina. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia, e like me nā ʻano ma mua, noho kokoke i ka wai a hiki ʻole ke noho me ka ʻole o ia. Aia i loko o kēia mea hoʻohana lākou i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola.
I ka helehelena, like nā lālā o nā ʻano ʻelua. Akā ʻo ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka Honua Kahiko he poʻo nui a emi iki ko lākou ʻano; ʻo ka muʻu, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā congeners i hōʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka undercoat, ka huelo liʻiliʻi a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka torso o nā kamaʻāina ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepeiao, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, i hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe i ko lākou mau wāwae hope. ʻEleʻele ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha lākou i ke kala.
Kanaka beaver
He mea nui ka ʻokoʻa genetic i kēia ʻano ʻelua. ʻAʻole kūlike nā helu o kā lākou chromosome (48 ma ka muliwai a me 40 ma Kanada), e wehewehe ana i ka hiki ʻole ke hele i kēia mau mea ʻelua, i ka nānā mua ʻana, nā ʻano pili, ʻoiai ua hana pinepine nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻāʻo kūleʻa ʻole
I hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana e ka luku ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka poʻe beaver Lūkini. Akā ua hana ʻia nā hana e pale aku ai iā lākou a ua maikaʻi. I kēia lā, noho kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻāina nui o ko mākou ʻāina, mai Siberia a i Kamchatka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ka wahi i noho ai nā beaver mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e nā hōʻailona ʻike nui ʻia. I nā wahi e hoʻokō ai kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou hana nui, he nui mau nā lāʻau i hāʻule me kahi ʻoki hou i ke ʻano o kahi cone. Pono kēlā mau mea i nā mea hana hana no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. A, ʻoiai, he kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka noho ʻana o nā beaver i kekahi wahi ke kū ʻana o kahi waihona wai: kahi loko, kahawai, kahawai, a i ʻole ka kahawai.
I ke kumu, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea semi-aquatic ke ola me ka ʻole o ka wai, akā me ka ʻole o ka ea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i aneane he hapahā o ka hola. A no laila, i kekahi pōpilikia, no ka laʻana, hūnā ʻana mai nā mea ʻaihue: he ʻīlio hae, he bea a i ʻole kahi wolverine, hele kēia mau mea ma lalo o ka wai, kahi e noho ai lākou Noho lākou i nā kaiāulu aloha nui - ʻohana, a me nā lālā o lākou, inā pono, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou lāhui ʻohana e pili ana i ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana. I kēlā mau manawa beaver holoholona paʻi ikaika i kona huelo i ka wai. A ʻike koke ʻia kēia hōʻailona e kēlā me kēia mea mai kāna ʻoihana, aia i loko o ka waihona wai.
Hana luhi ʻole kēia mau mea i ke kauwela, akā hana lākou i ke ahiahi, hana i ka pō a hiki i ke alaula, a hoʻomaha lākou i ke ao. ʻO kā lākou hana ka hiolo lāʻau a kūkulu. A i kēia mea kōkua ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau niho ʻoi loa, hiki ke ʻoki maʻalahi i ka wahie. Hiki i ka beaver ke kīkē i lalo i kahi lāʻau lahilahi i loko o ka hapalua hola, akā i kekahi manawa e hana ia ma nā mea nui a mānoanoa hoʻi no kekahi mau pō i ka lālani. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāna mau hoʻāʻo ʻana, akā hiki nō ke lohe ʻia, a lohe ʻia nā leo ʻano o ka beaver no hoʻokahi haneli mau mika.
He hale hilinaʻi ka hale o kēia mau holoholona no lākou mai ka wā maikaʻi ʻole a me nā ʻenemi. No ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou wahi e noho ai, ua ʻeli nā mea like i nā lua, ke koho ʻana no kēia panakō kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi e lawa pono ai ka lepo. He ʻano pākīkī ko Burrows burrows. Pau nā tunnels i loko o lākou i nā "lumi" kūikawā, nui a liʻiliʻi hoʻi a loaʻa nā puka komo ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā paia o ka hale me ka pālolo a me ka silt, ʻoiai ka lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano papahele, i uhi ʻia me nā ʻāpana lāʻau.
Kūkulu nō hoʻi kēia mau holoholona hana i nā hale, nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā lālā, ʻoki ʻia me ka silt a me ka pālolo. He mea hakuʻina hoʻonaninani pā wai beaver... Kūkulu mau ʻia ia ʻano kūkulu ma luna o nā kahawai, a he obligatory ia mai kahi kahe o nā holoholona. ʻO ke kuhi ma aneʻi e kōkua i ke kahe ʻana o ka muliwai a pale iā ia mai ka papaʻu ʻana ma kahi kokoke o nā hale beaver.
Kūkulu nā Beavers i nā pani wai
A he mea kūpono kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meaʻai, a hoʻonui pū i ka nui o ka wai e kahe ana ma kahi i noho ʻia e nā holoholona, kahi hana kūpono e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana o ka noho ʻana. Hoʻomaha hoʻomaha loa nā Beavers mai kā lākou hana i ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻolilo ana i ka wā kūpono ʻole kikoʻī i loko o kā lākou hale i ka mokuʻāina hiamoe. Hele lākou i kekahi manawa i waho, akā e loaʻa ka meaʻai māmā.
Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, ʻike ʻia he mea ʻino loa nā beaver i ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, lawe lākou i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ke kaiaola. I nā wahi e kūkulu ʻia ai nā wai a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā kai a Kahinaliʻi, hānai ʻia nā iʻa he nui, ulu maikaʻi nā meaola wai a hana ʻia nā ʻāina wai ākea.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona, he luku, he luku i ka nui o nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻo ka hapanui wale nō o nā mea e ulu kokoke i ka wai i hiolo. No ka mea hou aku ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokohukohu. Hoʻohana kūleʻa nā Beavers i nā kumu o nā lāʻau i hāʻule e kūkulu i nā pā, akā ʻūnū lākou i nā lālā, nā ʻaoʻao kūlohelohe like ʻole, nā lau a me ka ʻili.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO kēia mau holoholona he mauhelehele wale nō ia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kā lākou papaʻai ʻai ʻilihuna. Nānā nā Zoologists e aʻo i ko lākou ola a pehea e ʻai ai, koi i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi e pili ana i ʻekolu haneli o nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ka loaʻa o nā meaʻai momona a me nā mea like ʻole kahi pae ʻē aʻe e like me ka hana a kēia mau holoholona i ke koho ʻana i kahi o kā lākou noho ʻana. ʻO ka pau ʻana o ka ʻili i ke kaʻina hana, makemake lākou e pāʻina ma ka wilou, linden, aspen, birch, poplar, alder a me nā ʻōpala o nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻAi lākou i ka sorrel, nettle, sedge, ʻohe, makemake nui lākou i nā līlia wai.
He waiwai nui nā Beavers, mālama lākou i ka pono o nā lālā o ka ʻohana, a no laila e mālama i nā mālama he nui no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopili akahele lākou me ka ʻoluʻolu i nā lālā lāʻau i lalo o ka waihona wai, kahi e hana ai lākou i kahi ʻano o nā "cellars". Hiki i kahi ʻohana nui o nā beaver ke mālama he nui aʻe ma mua o he ʻumi kūbita mika o ia ʻano meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. I kekahi manawa hana ʻia e lawe ʻia nā ʻike o ka waihona i ka muliwai. A ʻo ia ka manawa e haʻalele ai nā holoholona i kā lākou mau hale hoʻoluʻolu a hele aku i ke anuanu e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu wale kēia, akā weliweli hoʻi, no ka mea i loko o kahi manawa pōloli nui e maʻalahi ka lilo ʻana i mea ʻai na ka poʻe ʻaihue, no ka laʻana, nā ʻīlio hae.
Hiki i nā kānaka ke weliweli no kēia mau holoholona hana a hana ʻino ʻole hoʻi. Holo Beaver Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma Lūkia i ka hopena o ke kauwela a mau a hiki i ka wanaʻao. ʻO nā mea aloha i kēia hana, kahi o ia mea he nui loa, e nānā e akahele loa kēia mau mea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e alualu iā lākou me kahi pū.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi hei e hopu i nā holoholona, a laila hiki ke hōʻino nui ʻia kā lākou hulu waiwai. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona he ʻulaʻula kā lākou a manaʻo ʻia ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻIno e like me ka hare. Eia naʻe, he ʻono ʻokoʻa kona, a no laila hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻāpana kūikawā no kona hoʻomākaukau.
Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā ʻili o nā holoholona i pepehi ʻia i nā mea lawe ʻino. Pālule huluhulu Beaver manaʻo ʻia he mea hanohano, nānā nani a hiki ke mahana. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia huahana kiʻekiʻe, kūpono i ka mālama a me ke kau ʻana i nā lula, hiki ke hala ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki. Ua ʻimi ʻia nā Beavers mai ka wā kahiko no kā lākou ʻiʻo a me ka huluhulu mehana. Akā ma waho o kēia, i nā mea ʻala a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mea i kapa ʻia jet jet... He aha ia?
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona i kahi gland kūikawā i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻāpana anal o ke kino. Ma waho, ua like ia me ʻeke ʻelua e pili ana kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i kahi huna kūikawā. He pilau loa kēia mea, a no laila e hoʻohana nā beavers iā ia e māka i ko lākou ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka wā kahiko he mana hoʻōla maikaʻi kāna. A ua hōʻoia wale nā kauka o kēia au i kēia kuhi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hana ʻia nā hana moekolohe Beaver i ka hapa lua o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā Beavers, ka helu o lākou i hiki i ka ʻeono, hānau ʻia ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina (i nā mea inu pia Kanada, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana). Makapō kēia mau ʻohana a kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o ka paona. Eia kekahi, i ke kau mahana ma ka waiū umauma, loaʻa ka wikiwiki iā lākou i ka paona. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ʻaʻole mau ke oʻo o nā beaver, a no laila hibernate pū me ko lākou mau mākua.
Nā mea nīnū liʻiliʻi
A ke hiki wale i ka ulu ʻōpio i ka makahiki ʻelua, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, a me ka ʻimi a hoʻolako i nā panalāʻau hou. He mea hoihoi i nā beaver wahine, e like me nā kāne, kahi maʻamau o ka hāpai ʻana i kā lākou mau keiki i loko o ko lākou mau lima, a i ʻole, paʻa lākou iā lākou i nā wāwae o mua. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lālā like e nā holoholona ke hana lākou, ke kūkulu nei i kā lākou mau mea hana hale, i mea kū hoʻokahi ai lākou i waena o ka honua holoholona.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ia o nā makahiki o kēia mau mea ola e hoʻoholo maʻalahi ʻia e nā niho. ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kūlohelohe i mea nui i ke ola o nā beaver, a no laila he hanana kūikawā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia i waena o lākou nā incisors o luna. A ʻo ka ʻelemakule o ke kanaka, ʻo ka ākea o kona mau niho. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i ka nahelehele e ʻike ʻia a ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki.
