ʻŪhini - kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi akā weliweli o ke kanaka. ʻO ka poʻe i hana i ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻoulu holoholona i ʻeha ʻia mai ia mea i kahi mea nui aʻe mai ka wā kahiko. Hiki i kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻeke ke hoʻopau i nā mahinaʻai āpau, e hoʻohewa ana i ka poʻe e noho ana i laila i ka wī. I nā wā Baibala, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo o Mose, a mai ia manawa ua lilo ʻo ia i mea pale i nā pilikia a me nā pōʻino.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nō hoʻi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻūhini he hōʻailona ia o nā akua e kāhea ana i ka mihi. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Kina kahiko i kēia pepeke i loko o ka hale he hōʻailona maikaʻi, akā ʻo nā ʻohana hipa nui nā mea hana ʻino. Pili nā moʻo hikina i nā ʻūhini me ke akua wahine o ka mahina.
Helehelena
ʻO akida ka inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia mau mea kolo. Pili ka ʻohana ʻūhini i kekahi mau ʻano. E pili ana i kā lākou helu, aia nā ʻūhini i ka mua ma ke kaʻina o nā insect Orthoptera. ʻOkoʻa ka helehelena o nā lāhui like ʻole, a kaukaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki a me ka nohona o ka ʻelala. ʻO ka ʻūhini ka makahiki, ʻo ka pouli o kona kala.
Hoihoi ka ʻūhini i ka hiki ke lilo i ke kahua o ka pepeke mehameha a me nā gregarious. Aia ia i ka nui o nā meaʻai. He ʻokoʻa loa nā pepeke i waho a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana i nā moʻokūʻauhau ʻokoʻa.
I ka wā mehameha, ke lawa ka meaʻai no ka ulu a ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu, ʻūhini ʻūhini alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana ʻole, loaʻa kahi kala pale a hōʻike i ka dimorphism moekolohe. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai, hoʻomoe nā ʻelima i nā keiki i kapa ʻia ʻo "march", i ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻā nui.
E pono e hoʻohui ʻia i ka wehewehe o nā ʻūhini o kēia kaʻina no ka nui o ka nui, ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu i ka lele, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ko lākou kala, ʻoi aku ka hana o kā lākou nohona, a aneane nalo ka dimorphism moekolohe. Ma waho ʻūhini ke nānā aku a ma nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, ma ka pili kokoke loa - ka ʻūhini.
Akā, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka antennae, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 6-20 cm, nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻolohe ʻana (aia lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, i kāna mahele mua) a me kahi ovipositor pōkole. He poʻo nui ko ka ʻūhini me nā ā āpana ikaika. ʻO nā ʻeheu lalo he aniani, ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau i ke kala, uhi ʻia e ka elytra ʻoʻoleʻa luna.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. E like me nā ʻūhini, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻūhini me nā ʻenekini "mele". ʻO kekahi ʻano o kēia mau ʻelala, ʻālohilohi a nani loa, hiki i kēia ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia e kiʻi ʻūhini... Akā mai lawe i kēia ʻano ʻūlū ma ke ʻano he nani a palekana paha - nahu paha ka ʻūhini.
Kahi noho
He nui ka nui o nā ʻāhini o ka ʻūhini, a ma kahi o 600 o lākou e noho nei ma Rūsia, ka hapa nui ma nā wahi hema. Noho ka ʻūhū steppe ma Asia, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa. Noho nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO nā palena o ka Sahara, ka Indo-Malay Archipelago, New Zealand, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Madagascar nā wahi ʻūhini āpau.
Aia nā kikowaena pūnana nui ma ka delta Amu Darya, kokoke i ka North Caspian a me Dagestan. ʻO nā wahi o ka ʻākau hoʻi kahi noho o ka ʻūhini, akā ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kānaka ma laila ua ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hema. Pōhaku nahele kolo, makemake i ka maloʻo a me ka wela, no laila noho pinepine i nā wao akua a me nā steppes maloʻo.
Lele nā hipa liʻiliʻi 20-40 km i ka lā, a hiki i nā ʻohana hipa nui ke uhi he 200 km. O ka la. Ua pilikia pinepine nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia i nā hoʻouka ʻūhini. No laila i ka 2010, aneane nalowale ka ʻāina ʻo Astrakhan i ka 50 hectares o nā mea kanu, a ma ka ʻūhini Volgograd i hōʻino i nā moku he 12. Kanaka kaua ʻūhini, akā pipiʻi loa ia.
Auila
He ʻūhini mehameha (filly), ola ia a hānai hala ʻole i nā mea kanu. Ke hele a lahilahi ka meaʻai i kona wahi noho, waiho ka ʻūhini i nā hua, a kahi a nā mea ʻāpana like.
Hoʻololi hou ʻia kēia ʻano i nā lele lōʻihi a ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻulu nui a hiki i nā haneli miliona o nā ʻelala. I ko lākou ala, ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu. E ʻai ʻia kahi ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi a kula paha i kahi mau hola. ʻO nā hola hana o ka ʻūhini i nā hola o ke ao.
Inā hana ʻole ka nohona o kahi insect mehameha, a laila ʻeleu loa nā pūʻulu ʻūhini a hana e like me kahi meaola hoʻokahi. ʻO nā hihia o kahi hui o nā ʻūhini e lele ana ma ka moana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, aia ma kahi o 6 tausani kilomita. ʻO nā ʻohana hipa nunui mai kahi mamao aku e like me ke ao me ka ʻāpana o kahi mau kaukani mika kūlike. Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau ʻenekia mehameha i mau hui a 6. Hoʻokahi kāne i loko o lākou.
Mea ʻai
ʻAi ka ʻūhini i nā ʻano mea kanu he nui, a kaumaha hoʻi nā kānaka - a me nā mea kanu pū kekahi. Loaʻa i kēia pepeke kahi ʻai maikaʻi loa a hiki i nā ʻūhini ke ʻeha i ka poʻe i ka pōloli, nā mea i hāʻule i lalo o ka weliweli.
ʻAi ʻo ia i ka nui o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, e like paha me kāna kaupaona ponoʻī. A lawa ka pua a kahi mea e ʻai ai i ka mauʻu i ka manawa i lawa e hānai ai i ʻelua hipa. Nā māla, nā māla mea kanu, nā ululāʻau, nā kula - hiki i kēia wahi o nā ʻūhini ke ʻai i ke aʻa.
I ke kiʻi, kahi ʻūhini o nā ʻūhini
I kekahi manawa hoʻouka aku ka ʻūhini i nā māla ulu - no ka laʻana, ʻai lākou i nā hua waina, hoʻomaka me nā lau, a hoʻopau me ka ʻili a me nā hua. ʻO ka lau nahele ʻohe, ʻohe, hemp, flax, buckwheat, cereals - hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i meaʻai na ka ʻūhini. Eia hou, me ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā kaupaku hale o nā hale, a ma kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā hoa nāwaliwali.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Lilo ke kāne i mea hoʻomaka i ka moʻo - hūnā ʻo ia i kahi hormone kūikawā a puni iā ia, no laila e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine. Ke hoʻokokoke ka wahine, lele ke kāne iā ia a pili iā ia. ʻO kāna kumu e waiho i ka spermatophore ma ke kumu o ka ovipositor o ka wahine. Lōʻihi loa ke kaʻina hana; hiki i ka moena ke lawe i 14 mau hola.
Nā ʻūhini hānau moʻa
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i ka ovipositor i ka lepo. I mea e pale ai i nā hua, hūnā ka wahine i kahi wai kūpikipiki e paʻakikī a puni a hana i kahi cocoon ikaika. Loaʻa i kēia hua-hua ma kahi o 50-70 mau hua, i ulu ma luna o 12 mau lā. I loko o kona ola, e waiho kahi ʻūhini wahine i nā ʻūlū 6-12.
ʻO nā larvae e puka mai nā hua i molt i mau manawa, aia he 5 pae o ka loli. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻūhū he makuahine mālama, malia paha ʻo ka mea wale nō āna e hana ai no kāna mau keiki ke ʻae i nā ʻelala e ʻai i nā ʻeheu āna e pono ʻole ai. ʻOkoʻa loa ke ola ʻūhini. Hiki i kahi kolo ke ola no 8 mau mahina, a malia paha he 2 mau makahiki.
