ʻO Guidak - ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea i ʻano nui ʻole ma ka honua. ʻO kona inoa ʻelua he mollusc burrowing, a wehewehe pono kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mea. ʻO Panopea generosa ka inoa ʻepekema o ka mollusk, ʻo ia hoʻi, "ʻeli hohonu." ʻO Guidaki kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o bivalve molluscs a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ko lākou ʻano.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Guidak
ʻAi ʻia kēia ʻano mollusc mai ka wā kahiko mai. Akā ʻo ka wehewehe ʻepekema a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka guidak i lawe ʻia ma ka hopena o ka 19 kenekulia. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe piha i ka helehelena o ka mea ola, akā e hoʻomaopopo pū hoʻi i ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻohua hou ʻana.
Video: ʻO Guidak
I kēia manawa, ua hānau ʻia ka guidak, ma ke ʻano he lāhui, i mau miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ʻepekema malacological ʻo kēia mollusk ka makahiki like me nā dinosaurs. Aia kekahi mau moʻolelo wā kahiko Kina e ʻōlelo nei i kēia mau mollusks, ko lākou helehelena ʻokoʻa, a me nā papa hana culinary no ka hana guidak.
ʻIke hoihoi: Manaʻo ʻia i ka wā Cretaceous aia nā guidaks, nona ka nui i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau mika. ʻO ka hoʻololi o ke aniau wikiwiki ma ka honua a me ka nalo ʻana o ka lako o ka meaʻai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua pau nā mollusks nunui i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. Akā hiki i kā lākou laha liʻiliʻi ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano loli a ua ola a hiki i kēia lā.
Loaʻa iā Guidak nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā molluscs bivalve ʻē aʻe:
- ʻo ka nui o ka iwi mollusk ma kahi o 20-25 mau kenimika;
- hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 1.5 mau mika;
- ke kaumaha o nā guidak mai 1.5 a 8 kilokilo.
He mea maʻamau ʻole kēia, a ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā mollusks ʻē aʻe i kēia hui, pale ka pūpū i ka hapahā o ke kino.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka guidak
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i loaʻa i ka guidak ke poʻo inoa o ka mea maʻamau ʻole ma ka honua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka mollusk ka hapanui o nā mea āpau me kahi gigital kāne kāne gigantic. Nui loa ka like like ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia ke kiʻi o ka guidak i loko o ka encyclopedia no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka iwi bivalve he mau ʻāpana (nā meaola keratinized ma waho a me ka makuwahine o ka momi ma loko. Nui ke kino o ka mollusk a i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa e pale wale ana i ka ʻahu. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kino (ma kahi o 70-75%) pale ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻahu, uhi ʻia e ka pūpū, i loko o nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau. Hoʻopili paʻa lākou a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻōpū" o ka guidaka. Hoʻokahi wale nō puka i ka ʻahuʻula - ʻo kēia ka puka e neʻe ai ka wāwae o ka mollusk. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kino o ka guidak i kapa ʻia he siphon. Hāʻawi ia i nā mea ʻelua no ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a no ka hemo ʻana o nā huahana neoneo.
I kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā guidaks:
- Pakipika. ʻO ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kilakila, a i ka wā e puana ʻia ai ka inoa "guidak", ke ʻano maoli ia o nā ʻano Pākīpika o ka mollusk. Loaʻa kēia ʻano mollusk a hiki i 70% o ka heluna kānaka holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Guidak e noho nei i ka Moana Pākīpika ka mea nui a hopu pinepine ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona e piʻi ana i kahi mika i ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 7 kilokilo;
- ʻAtekania. E like me kāu e koho ai, noho kēia ʻano mollusk ma kahakai o ʻAtenitina. Noho ia i kahi hohonu pāpaʻu, no laila ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o kēlā guidak. ʻAʻole ma mua o 15 kenimika ka lōʻihi a ma kahi o 1 kilokika o ke kaupaona;
- ʻAukekulia. Noho o ka wai o Australia. Also liʻiliʻi i ka nui. ʻO ke kaupaona a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mollusk makua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.2 kilokika a me 20 kenimika, pakahi;
- Kaiwaenahonua. Noho ma ke Kai Kai, kokoke i Pokukala. I ka nui, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ia mai ka Pākīpika. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻopau koke nei kona heluna kanaka, no ka mea, he mea makemake nui ʻia ka Mediterania guidak no nā lawaiʻa a me kahi ipu ʻono i nā hale ʻaina.
- Kepanī. Noho ma ke kai o Iapana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kai ʻo Okhotsk. ʻO ka nui o kahi mollusk mākua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 kenimika lōʻihi a ma kahi o 2 kilokika i ke kaupaona. Mālama paʻa ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e nā luna o Iāpana a me Kina, ʻoiai i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20 aia kēia ʻano ma kahi o ka make.
Pono wau e ʻōlelo i nā ʻano mollusc bivalve āpau ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me ka nui a me ke kaupaona. Kūlike like lākou i ka nohona a me ka helehelena.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻōlelo kūpono nā ʻepekema Malacological i loko o 100 mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ma kahi o 10 mau ʻano o nā guidaks i pau i ka make a hoʻopau ʻia paha. ʻO kēia kahi hopena o ka loli o ke kaulike biologike i ke kai a me ka moana, a ʻo kahi hapa i hopu ʻia nā mollusks e ka poʻe a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou holoholona.
Ma hea e noho ai ka guidak?
Kiʻi: Guidak mollusk
Ua ʻae nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ka wai kahakai o ʻAsia ka homeland o ka guidak, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua noho ka mollusk i ke koena o ke kai a me ka moana.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole lawehala kēia bivalve mollusk. ʻO ke kūlana nui no kona ola ʻana he mahana a ʻaʻole wai paʻakai ʻoi loa. Nui ka manaʻo o ka mollusk ma ka ʻāina e hoʻomaka ana mai nā kapakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka pauma ʻana i ke kai mehana o Iāpana a me nā wai kai o Pokukala. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, loaʻa nā kolone nui o guidak i nā wai papau o nā mokupuni exotic a hiki ke noho maluhia me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa.
ʻO kahi koi ʻē aʻe no ka noho ʻana o kahi guidaka ka hohonu papau. Maikaʻi ka mollusk ma kahi hohonu o 10-12 mau mika a no laila lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā lawaiʻa ʻoihana. ʻO ka one one kahi kumu nui ʻē aʻe no ka noho ʻana o ka bivalve mollusk, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke kanu iā ia iho i nā hohonu hohonu.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻōlelo i loko o nā wai o Nūhōlani a me Australia, ʻaʻole i kū mai nā guidak no nā kumu kūlohelohe. Ua lawe nui mai nā luna o kēia mau mokuʻāina i nā mollusks a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou ma nā mahiʻai kūikawā, a laila noho wale nā guidaks iā lākou iho. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hopu ʻana o ka iʻa iʻa ka ʻāpana kūpona a kaohi ʻia e nā luna hoʻomalu o Australia.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka guidak. E nānā kāua i ka mea a kēia mollusk e ʻai ai.
He aha ka meaʻai a guidak?
Kiʻi: Marine Guidak
ʻAʻole ʻimi ka mollusk i ke ʻano pololei o ka huaʻōlelo. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ia e neʻe mai kona wahi mai, e ʻohi ana i ka meaʻai. E like me nā mollusc bivalve ʻē aʻe, hānai ʻia ka guidak ma o ka kānana mau ʻana o ka wai. ʻO kāna mea nui a meaʻai wale wale nō ka plankton moana, i ʻike ʻia i ka nui loa i nā kai mehana a me nā moana. Kuhi ʻo Guidak i nā wai kai āpau ma ona lā a kānana iā ia me kahi siphon. ʻO ka maʻamau, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ka ʻōnaehana digestive a pono e kūkākūkā hou ʻia.
ʻO ka mea mua, komo ka wai kai i loko o nā waha huinahā nui (ʻelua o lākou ka guidak). Aia i loko o ka waha nā ʻōpuʻu ʻono e pono ai e kālailai i ka wai i kānana ʻia. Inā ʻaʻohe plankton i loko, a laila hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka anus. Inā he plankton i loko o ka wai, a laila komo ia i ka waha ma o nā lua liʻiliʻi, a laila i loko o ka esophagus a i loko o ka ʻōpū nui.
Ma hope iho, hana ʻia ke kānana: ʻānai koke ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ke koena (ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5 kenimika) komo i loko o ka ʻōpū a hoʻolei ʻia i waho o ka anus. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka meaʻai o ka guidak kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ebb a me ke kahe, a ola ka mollusk i kahi mele koʻikoʻi me kēia mau hanana kūlohelohe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO Guidak i kūlohelohe
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka guidak i ka wā ʻōpio, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi noho, kokoke i nā mea kanu, ka nohona. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hiki kēia i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka mollusk a ua hiki ke ulu i kahi pūpū piha.
Kanu ʻia ʻo Guidak i ka honua a hiki i kahi hohonu o hoʻokahi mika. No laila, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho ma ka moana kai, akā loaʻa pū ka pale kūpono ʻole mai nā mea hōkai. Hoʻolilo ka mollusk i kona ola holoʻokoʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi, e kānana mau i ka wai ma o iā ia iho, no laila e loaʻa ai ka plankton a me ka oxygen, kahi e pono ai no ka hana o ke kino.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o ka guidak ʻo ia ka kānana ʻana i ka wai me ka ʻole o ke kahamaha, i ke ao a me ka pō, me ke ʻano like o ka ikaika. Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka kānana wai e ka ebb a me ke kahe, a me ke hoʻokokoke ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue.
Mea hoihoi: manaʻo ʻia ʻo Guidak kekahi o nā mea ola lōʻihi loa ma ka honua Honua. ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau o ka mollusk ma kahi o 140 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka hiʻohina kahiko loa i ʻike ʻia e noho ana ma kahi o 190 mau makahiki!
Makemake loa ʻo Guidaki e haʻalele i nā wahi noho o ka lalo. Hana wale ia kēia ma lalo o ka mana o nā kumu kūwaho. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻoholo paha kahi guidak e neʻe i ka hihia o ka nele i ka meaʻai, ka hoʻohaumia nui o ke kai, a no ka nui paha o nā mea ʻino.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Guidaki
He mea kumu kumu ʻole ʻo Guidak nona nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻole i kau palena ʻia i ke ala o ka meaʻai, ka helehelena a me ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopuka pū ka mollusk i kahi ala nui ʻole. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka genus o kēia mollusk i kahi ala pili ʻole. Māhele ʻia ʻo Guidaki i loko o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā ʻaʻohe pili ʻokoʻa i waho. Aia wale nō i loko o kekahi mau mollusks nā huna wahine, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā huna kāne.
I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā e mahana pono ai ka wai, hoʻomaka ka molluscs i ko lākou wā hānau. Kū kona piko i ka hopena o Mei a me ka mua o Iune. I kēia manawa, hoʻokuʻu nā mollusks kāne i kā lākou mau hunaola hānau i loko o ka wai. Hana nā wahine i ke ʻano o nā hunaola, a i ka pane e hoʻokuʻu i kahi nui o nā hua wahine. No laila, hana ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā guidaks.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i loko o ko lākou ola lōʻihi, hoʻokuʻu nā kāne guidak kanaka ma kahi o 5 biliona hua. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu o nā hunaola germ kāne i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. ʻO ka nui o nā hunaola germ e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā manawa o ka hoʻouluulu ʻole ʻana i ka wai wai he liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka hopena, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmālua mollusk hou i hānau ʻia.
ʻEhā mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, lilo nā embryos i mau ʻohana a heʻe ma nā nalu me ke koena o nā mea plankton. Ma hope o 10 mau lā wale nō, hana kahi wāwae liʻiliʻi i ka embryo a hoʻomaka ia e like me ka mollusk liʻiliʻi.
I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻonui ka embryo i kaupaona a hoʻonoho mālie i lalo, koho i kahi hakahaka nona iho. ʻO ke kūkulu hope loa ʻana o ka guidak i mau makahiki i hala. E like me ka nānā ʻana o nā wā lōʻihi, ʻoiai ka nui o nā hunaola germ i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1% o nā mollusks i hiki i ke oʻo.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā guidaks
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka guidak
I ka nahelehele, he nui nā ʻenemi o ka guidak. Ma muli o ka pili o ka siphon o kahi mollusk mai ka honua a pale ʻole ʻia e kahi pūpū hilinaʻi, hiki i nā iʻa predatory a i ʻole nā māmala ke hoʻopōʻino iā ia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka guidaka:
- hake nui;
- manō;
- nā pahiolo moray.
Hiki i nā otters kai ke kū i kahi weliweli nui. ʻAʻau a luʻu pono kēia mau mea ʻino liʻiliʻi, a hiki ke hiki i ka guidak inā kanu ʻia ia ma kahi hohonu hohonu. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻole o nā mollusks o nā hihi o ka hihiʻo, ʻike lākou i ke ala e hiki ai i kahi predator e ka fluctuating wai. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hoʻomaka ka guidak e kaomi wikiwiki i ka wai mai ka siphon, a ma muli o ke ala hou ʻana o ka ikaika, ʻeli koke ʻo ia i lalo i ka lepo, e hūnā ana i ka ʻaoʻao nāwaliwali o ke kino. Manaʻo ʻia he hui ʻo guidaks e noho kokoke ana kekahi i kekahi e hiki ke hoʻouna i nā leka e pili ana i ka weliweli a pēlā, e hūnā pale aku i nā mea ʻino.
Eia nō naʻe, hana ka poʻe i nā mea nui loa i ka guidak. I loko o nā makahiki he 50 i hala iho nei, ua emi ka helu o nā iʻa i ka hapalua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻaʻole ka lawaiʻa wale ʻana ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana, akā ʻo ka hoʻohaumia nui o nā kai kahakai, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi o ka helu o ka plankton. ʻAʻohe mea ʻai ka mollusk, a lohi paha i ka ulu ʻana, a make ʻole paha i ka pōloli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Guidak mollusk
ʻAʻole ʻimi nā ʻepekema o ka malacology e ʻōlelo pololei i ka nui o nā guidak kanaka i ka moana o ka honua. Wahi a nā koho kolohe, aia ma kahi o 50 miliona o lākou, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau mollusks bivalve me ka make ʻana.
Noho ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu i nā wai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika. Eia kekahi, noho nā kolone nui i ka wai o ʻAukekulelia a me Nūhōlani. Akā ʻo ke kolone Pukiki i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua ʻeha nui loa a ua emi iho ma mua o ka hapalua. Ua hopu wale ʻia nā molluscs, a ʻaʻohe o ka heluna lehulehu e hoʻi kūlohelohe ai.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia like i ke kai o Iapana, akā ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka heluna kanaka guidak i ka mahalo i nā ʻoka ikaika no ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa. Eia naʻe, ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā kīʻaha guidak i nā hale ʻaina Kina a me Iapana i pāpālua ʻia.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ulu hewahewa nā guidaks. I ke kai eʻe, he mau mika mai ke kapakai aku, ʻeli ʻia nā paipu he mau kaukani a waiho ʻia kahi larva mollusk i kēlā me kēia o lākou. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, hiki i ka 95% ke ola o ka larvae a kū ka mollusk ma kahi o kēlā me kēia paipu.
Hāʻawi ka wai kai i ka meaʻai no ka guidaka, hāʻawi kahi ʻōpala ea i kahi home palekana, a pale aku ke kanaka i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. No laila, hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki kahi paʻa paʻa o nā guidaks me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lehulehu.
ʻO Guidak He mollusc ʻano ʻē loa me ka helehelena exotic. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka heluna o nā molluscs, akā ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahi ʻana o nā guidaks, e hoʻomaikaʻi iki ana ke kūlana. I nā makahiki he 10 e hiki mai ana, pono e ola hou ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau molluscs i nā waiwai palekana.
Lā paʻi: 19.09.2019
Lā hou: 26.08.2019 ma 21:29
