Pepeiao ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ka nui loa o nā lāʻau ʻekolu i hānai ʻia ma Great Britain, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻelua ʻo Great and Lesser woodpeckers. He kino nui kona, ikaika a pōkole hoʻi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ma luna me ka ʻōpū ʻōleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻulaʻula ma luna. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ka lele lele a me ka ʻakaʻaka nui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Green Woodpecker
ʻO nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana "woodpecker" - ʻo Picidae, kahi o nā ululāʻau, nona he ʻekolu wale nō ma UK (nā ululāʻau me nā kiko nui, nā mea ʻūlū me nā kiko liʻiliʻi, nā mea ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo).
Video: ʻO Green Woodpecker
Me nā mea nui a ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā mea ulu lāʻau a me nā limu, ua hiki i ka mea ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke hele i ke alahaka ʻāina ma waena o Great Britain a me ka ʻāina nui ʻo ʻEulopa ma hope o ke Ice Ice i hala, ma mua o ka pani ʻana o ka wai mau loa e hana i ka Channel English ʻEono mai loko mai he ʻumi mauʻano ulu lāʻau ma ʻEulopa i kūleʻa a ʻike ʻole ʻia ma aneʻi.
Mea hoihoi: Wahi a nā unuhi like ʻole, mai ka ʻōlelo Helene a me ka Lākina, he maʻalahi loa ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo".
He poʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona, paler melemele ma lalo, he kalaunu ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻumi ʻumiʻumi, he ʻōpū ʻulaʻula ko nā kāne, ʻoiai he ʻeleʻele nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai 30 a 36 cm me kahi ʻēheu o 45 a 51 cm. ʻO ka lele e like me ka nalu, me 3-4 mau ʻeheu ʻēheu, ukali ʻia e kahi lele pōkole ke paʻa nā ʻeheu e ke kino.
He manu hilahila ia e huki pinepine i ka nānā me kona mau leo nui. Hana kahi ʻeneki i ka pūnana i ka kumulāʻau; Ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka nuku, hoʻohana wale ʻia ia no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lāʻau palupalu. Hoʻokomo ka holoholona i ʻehā a ʻeono paha mau hua, i pā ma hope o 19-20 mau lā.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o kona mau hoahānau. ʻO ia ka ululāʻau nui loa ma UK me ka huelo paʻa a pōkole hoʻi. I ke ʻano o ke kala, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui ia, i hōʻike ʻia i ka inoa, a he kalaunu ʻulaʻula ʻano. ʻO ka huelo, ʻaʻole like me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, pōkole iki a he ʻulaʻula melemele lahilahi ma ka lihi.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano like, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula o nā kāne kāne makua i ka ka ʻumiʻumi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻole ka wahine makua.
ʻO nā makahiki a me nā kāne āpau he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā groats melemele a me nā pāpale ʻulaʻula, akā ʻo nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpio i ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo:
- poʻo: ka lei aliʻi ʻulaʻula nui, me nā kala ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā maka a me nā pāpālina ʻōmaʻomaʻo pale.
- ikaika, nuku ʻeleʻele lōʻihi.
- ʻike ke kala o nā antennae o kēia manu i ka moekolohe, no ka mea, ʻulaʻula lākou i nā kāne a ʻeleʻele i nā wahine;
- ʻēheu: ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- kino: ʻo ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino he plumage ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina ka ʻaoʻao lalo, a melemele ka ʻōpala.
E like me nā ululāʻau ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ko lākou hulu huelo paʻakikī i mea kākoʻo ke pili lākou i kahi kumulāʻau, a hoʻonoho ʻia ko lākou mau manamana lima i mea e kuhikuhi ai nā manamana lima ʻelua i mua a ʻelua hoʻi i hope.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo?
ʻOiai he sedentary ka hapanui o lākou, ua hoʻonui iki ka ulu lāʻau ulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ko lākou pae ma Pelekane a hānai mua ʻia lākou ma Skotlandia ma 1951. Eia nō naʻe, hele mau lākou mai ʻIlelani a me ka Mokupuni o Man; ʻaʻole i noho koloka ʻia ka mokupuni ʻo Wight a hiki i ka 1910, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka hema, e hōʻike ana i ka makemake e hele i ka wai.
Noho lākou i ke akahai, a ma kahi liʻiliʻi hoʻi i nā wahi momona a me nā Kaiwaenahonua o ke komohana ʻo Palaearctic i ke kai moana a me ka ʻāinapuniʻole hoʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā ulu ākea, nā kahakai, nā māla a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai me nā pā a hoʻopuehu ʻia nā lāʻau nui.
ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻāhiu, hānai nui ia i ka honua, e pili ana i nā lau nahele māla, kahi e hou ai nā anthills a neʻe me kahi ʻano helehelena ʻē aʻe. Nui ka nui a me ka hapanui o nā plumage ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻano maʻamau o ka hapa nui o nā wahi; e nānā pono hoʻi i ka lei aliʻi ʻulaʻula, nā maka mae a me nā maka ʻeleʻele (he māka ʻulaʻula ko nā kāne. Kakaikahi nā manu ma Iberia i loaʻa nā maka ʻeleʻele. ʻIke nui ka ʻōpuʻu melemele i ka lele iki ʻana.
No laila, ma Great Britain, noho nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa a hiki ke nānā ʻia i ka hapa nui o ia wahi, koe wale nō kēlā mau ʻaoʻao ʻākau loa ma nā mauna ʻo Scottish, ma nā mokupuni a ma ka ʻĀkau ʻIlani. ʻO ka wahi i makemake ʻia e ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nahele ākea, nā māla, a i ʻole nā pāka nui. Nānā lākou i kahi hui o nā kumu makua kūpono no ka pūnana a me ka māla hāmama. ʻO ka honua ākea, uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu pōkole a me nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hānai ʻana iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo?
Inā laki ʻoe a kipa aku nā lāʻau ʻomaʻomaʻo i kāu māla, a laila ua ʻike paha ʻoe iā lākou ma kāu lau nahele. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo kaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nui o nā ants - nā mākua, nā ʻūlū, a me nā hua manu.
I ka hoʻoilo, ke paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā naonao, e ʻai lākou i kēia mau mea:
- invertebrates ʻē aʻe;
- nā hua paina;
- huaʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻOiai ʻo ka waiwai pio o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā popo, hoʻolilo ia i ka manawa he nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio ma ka honua a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kāna kaila ʻano.
ʻAi puni ʻole nā lāʻau ʻāhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻolilo lākou i kahi manawa kupaianaha loa ma ka honua e ʻimi nei i kā lākou meaʻai punahele āu e ʻike pinepine ai iā lākou i nā pāka a me nā lau nahele māla - hāʻawi nā mauʻu pōkole i nā wahi ʻai kūpono no nā mea ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Makemake pū lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻenuhe a me nā nalo a loaʻa i kahi "lelo lālau" lōʻihi i hoʻopili ʻia e lawelawe ai e huki i nā mākia mai nā māwae a me nā māwae o nā lāʻau popopo kahiko.
No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo e makemake e ʻai i nā naonao, hiki iā ia ke ʻai pū i nā nalo invertebrate e ʻike mau ʻia ma ko lākou wahi noho a i ʻole ka māla, me nā hua paina a me kekahi mau hua. E hāʻule hou kēia mau ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe i nā manawa ke paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā naonao.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Green Woodpecker
Noho nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kumulāʻau, e like me ka nui o nā manu. ʻEli lākou i nā lua o nā kumu lāʻau i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau ākea. ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ko lākou nuku ma mua o nā ʻāhiu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻāhiu nānā nui, no laila makemake lākou i nā kumu lāʻau ʻoi aku ka momona i ka pūnana ʻana a kākaʻikahi ka pahu no ka kamaʻilio. Makemake pū nā mea ʻomaʻomaʻo e ʻeli i ko lākou mau pūnana ponoʻī, kahi hana e ʻelua a ʻehā mau pule paha.
Nui a leo nui nā ululāʻau a ʻike ʻia ka ʻakaʻaka nui i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "yuffle", ʻo ia wale nō ke ala hoʻokahi e ʻike ai inā kokoke kahi ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka mea he makaʻu lākou i nā manu. ʻO kēia kahi kani kani ʻokoʻa loa a nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hana ai, akā hiki nō iā ʻoe ke lohe i kā lākou mele, ʻo ia ke kaʻina o nā leo 'clue' hōʻeleu iki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO Rainbird kekahi inoa no ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka mea, manaʻo ʻia nā manu e hīmeni hou aku i ke kali ʻana i ka ua.
ʻO nā lāʻau ʻekolu i loko o Pelekane Nui, hoʻopau ka mea ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa i nā kumulāʻau, a ʻike pinepine ʻia e ʻai ana i ka honua. Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻeli paha ʻo ia i nā naonao, kāna meaʻai punahele. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mākua a me kā lākou mau hua, me ka hopu ʻana iā lākou me kāna alelo lōʻihi a paleko hoʻi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manu ʻ Greenmaʻomaʻo Woodpecker
ʻOiai hiki i nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke pālua i hoʻokahi manawa no ke ola holoʻokoʻa, he antisocial lākou ma waho o ka wā hānau a hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki e noho hoʻokahi. Pili paha nā ʻāpana ʻelua o kekahi i kekahi i ka wā hoʻoilo, akā ʻaʻole lākou e launa hou me kekahi a hiki i Malaki. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo nui a me ka wā aloha.
ʻOi aku ka ʻenekini ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka pūnana i loko o nā lua o nā lāʻau deciduous kahiko (ʻoka, beech a me willow), kahi kokoke i nā kahua mahiʻai me nā leʻaleʻa e like me nā naonao a me nā ʻenuhe. ʻO ka hama mau nā lāʻau ʻomaʻomaʻo a huki i nā mea i loko o kahi pahu popopo 60mm x 75mm, kahi o ka mea i ʻeli ʻia i kahi hohonu o 400mm. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, hana ʻia ka hana paʻakikī o ka ʻeli ʻana e kahi kāne wale nō no nā lā lōʻihi he 15-30 mau lā. ʻO kēia hana hana pinepine ka waiwai e like me ka lua i hana ʻia e nā lima o kahi ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo hiki ke hala i 10 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole pili iki kēia manu a noho wale, koe wale no ka wā hānau. I ka wā o ka pachip, alualu ke kāne i ka wahine a puni ka kumu lāʻau. Lawe i kahi kūlana pale, hoʻoluliluli ke kāne i kona poʻo mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopololei ana i ka waihona a hohola i kona mau ʻeheu a me kāna huelo. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe, kīkē wale i ka puna.
Mai kahi ʻano hānau, hoʻomaka nā mea ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hānau ʻana ma ka hopena o ʻApelila a hua mai i ka awelika o 2 paʻa i kēlā me kēia kau. Hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia paʻa i nā hua he 4 a 9, a me ka manawa hoʻouluulu, i hala ma kahi o 19 mau lā, a laila hoʻopau me ka hulu no 25 mau lā. Hoʻokahi wale nō brood o nā lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ʻelima a ʻehiku mau huamoa a waiho mau lākou iā Mei. Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou i nā lāʻau ola a hoʻohana pinepine i ka lāʻau like i kēlā me kēia makahiki, inā ʻaʻole ka lua like.
I ka wā e heʻe ai, lawe mau kēlā me kēia mākua i ka hapalua o nā keiki - kahi hihia maʻamau i nā manu - a hōʻike iā lākou i kahi e hānai ai. Aia i loko o kēia manawa o ka makahiki e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawe i nā māla mahiʻai no ka hānai ʻana, kahi manawa kūpono loa kēia e palaki ai i kou ʻike ʻike.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā mea ʻai pūnana e like me nā nahesa, grackles a i ʻole nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻai lākou i nā hua manu a me nā ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpio. I ka wā makua, ʻānai ʻia nā mea hihiu i nā pōpoki hihiu, nā pāpale waiū saffron, ʻalopeke, nā ʻio a, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā coyotes. Inā ʻaʻohe mea ʻaihue i nā lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻopōpilikia ʻia mākou e kā lākou helu. Pilikia lākou mai ka hoʻomaka o ko lākou ola.
ʻO ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea maʻamau i kona heluna kanaka. Hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻoneoneo a me nā hoʻololi o ka wahi noho i kahi ola, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli kēia ʻano ma ka pālākiō o ka honua i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻia nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā wahi mahi ʻai, akā ke hoʻonui nei hoʻi i nā kauhale kua'āina a me nā wahi mahiʻai huikau. I ko lākou wahi i makemake nui ʻia, nā ululāʻau deciduous, ulu lohi nā helu ulu, ua hōʻea nā helu i ka helu saturation, a ʻo ia ka mea i ulu ai i kahi wahi i makemake ʻole ʻia.
Ua ulu ulu ka poʻe o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma UK mai ka makahiki 1960, i ka wā a lākou e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou pae ma waenakonu a me ka hikina o Skotlandia. Ua hoʻonui hou lākou i ko lākou heluna kanaka ma ʻEnelani, akā ʻaʻole ma Wales. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hoʻonui ʻana he hoʻololi i ke aniau, no ka mea hiki i kēia mau ʻāhue ke hoʻopili ʻia i ke anuanu. No laila, ʻo nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nalowale ʻana o ka wahi o ka ululāʻau a me nā loli o ka mahiʻai: mahi ʻia ka nāhelehele i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a luku ʻia nā kolone ant a i hana ʻole ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Woodpecker me ka kua ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO ka heluna lehulehu o nā mea ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma UK, e like me ka RSPB, kūpaʻa mau ʻia ma 52,000 pālua hānau, ʻoiai aia kahi ala kaulana o ka heleleʻi heluna kanaka, no ka hapa o ka lilo o ka ululāʻau a me ka ʻāina ulu ʻole. Ke kūlana ʻano - He manu hānau kūpono ma Leicestershire a me Rutland. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hapa nui o Pelekane, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻākau mamao loa. Hele pū ʻole ma ʻIlani ʻIlani.
Nui ka laulā o kēia ʻano me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka hāʻawi honua ʻana o 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 km². ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka Honua ma kahi o 920,000 - 2,900,000 poʻe. ʻAʻole i helu ʻia nā ʻano heluna kanaka o ka honua, akā ʻike ʻia ka paʻa o nā heluna kanaka, no laila ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano e hoʻokokoke ana i nā paepae no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa heluna heluna helu ma ka IUCN Red List (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi emi o 30% i loko o ʻumi mau makahiki a i ʻole ʻekolu hanauna). No kēia mau kumu, ua helu ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane make.
Hāʻawi ka hana ʻana i nā wahi o ka mauʻu pōkole a lōʻihi i kahi nohona huikau no nā ʻano mea ola āpau. Hiki nō ke lilo i mea maikaʻi i ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nāna e hānai i ka honua, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kahi e peʻe a ʻimi ai i kāna mea pio. Inā ʻoe e noho i ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole kahi kauhale, hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā manu māla ʻē aʻe ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka wai.
Pepeiao ʻōmaʻomaʻo hiʻohiʻona i kahi hui kupaianaha o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele, ka lei aliʻi ʻulaʻula, ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi a me ka pale, ke nānā. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pono i kēia mea hilahila, e kahaha nō ʻoe. A ke ʻike ʻo ia iā ʻoe a lele aku, e hoʻolohe i kēia ʻakaʻaka e kani ana i kahi mamao.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/01/2019
Lā hou: 07/05/2020 ma 11:15
