Heʻe nunui (ʻo ia pū kekahi ka mea hoʻolālā), malia paha, lilo ia i kumu nui o nā kaʻao he nui e pili ana i ka kraken - nā moʻo nunui mai ka hohonu o ke kai e poholo nei nā moku. Nui maoli ka mea hoʻolālā maoli, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like ka nui me nā kaʻao, akā ma muli o ke ʻano o ka physiology, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke komo i ka moku.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: heʻe nunui
Ua ʻike ʻia kāna wehewehe ʻana mai ka wā kahiko, a na Aristotle ka mea mua loa. A ʻo ka wehewehe ʻepekema hou, ua hana ʻia e J. Stenstrup i ka makahiki 1857. Ua loaʻa i ka genus ka inoa Lākia Architeuthis. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka papa o cephalopods kahi nona ka heʻe nunui hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka wā ʻo Cambrian, 520-540 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ia ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia ka lunamakaʻāinana mua loa o kēia papa - nektocaris. He ʻelua ona tentacles, a liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - he mau kenimika wale nō.
Wikiō: Giant Squid
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea o kēia holoholona i nā cephalopods, ʻoiai ka like o waho, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema āpau. ʻO nā lunamaka o ka subclass o nautiloids i kū aʻe ma hope mai no lākou kekahi. ʻOiai no ka hapa nui ua make, kekahi mau ʻano e noho ana i ka Honua. ʻO kahi mea nui nui i ka ulu ʻana o ka papa ka helehelena o nā cephalopod kiʻekiʻe - ua hoʻemi haʻahaʻa ʻia kā lākou iwi a lilo i mea i loko. Ua kokoke loa ia i ka hopena o ka wā Carboniferous, ma kahi o 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala. No laila, ua ʻikea nā holoholona mua, ʻano like me ke ʻano o ka heʻe o kēia wā.
Ua noho lākou i mau makahiki he mau miliona, akā lohi loa ko lākou ulu ʻana, a he Mesozoic wale nō kahi pahū hou. A laila aia kahi hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ke kaiaolaola kai holoʻokoʻa, kahi i hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā cephalopods. Ua ulu nui ka meaola o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me kekahi mau ʻano noho o ke kai. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia hoʻololi, pono e hoʻopili ka wāwae wāwae, inā ʻaʻole e eo lākou i ka heihei evolution. A laila kū mai nā kūpuna o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka subclass lua-gill, e like me cuttlefish, heʻe a me ka heʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka heʻe nui
Hōʻike ka inoa i ka hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha loa o ka heʻe nunui - ulu nui ia. Hiki i kona lōʻihi 8 mau mika, inā helu ʻoe me nā tentacles. Ma mua he ʻike e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa iā lākou no kekahi mau mea. Inā helu ʻoe me ka hopu ʻole ʻana i nā tentacles, hōʻea kēia cephalopod i 5 m, a he helehelena maoli a weliweli hoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nui kona kaupaona: 130-180 kg i nā kāne, 240-290 kg i nā wahine. Inā i ka lōʻihi e paʻa i ke kēpau ma waena o nā cephalopods, a laila ma ke kaupaona ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka heʻe kolose.
He ʻahu kona, a he ʻelua stalkers a ʻewalu mau halelewa maʻamau. Lōʻihi loa nā halelewa hei, a paʻa ʻo ia i ka mea pio. Loaʻa nā ʻūlū i nā tentacles, a ma waenakonu o lākou ka heʻe he nuku me he manu lā. No ka neʻe ʻana, huki ka heʻe i ka wai i loko o kona kapa mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a kipaku iā ia mai kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - ʻo ia ka hoʻohana i ka jet jet. No laila hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau me ka wikiwiki, a he mau wili kāna ma kona ʻahuʻula e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻaoʻao.
Akā i mea e hoʻomohala ai i ka wikiwiki, pono ʻo ia e lilo i ka ikaika, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i kēia no ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻolimalima ʻaneʻane ma ka ʻauʻau maʻalahi ʻana: ʻaʻohe ona buoyancy ma muli o ka ammonium chloride i loko o kāna mauʻaʻa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka wai, hiki iā ia ke pili manuahi i loko ona, a ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi wai ʻauʻau. Akā ma muli o kēia mea waiwai, ʻaʻohe meaʻono kāna ʻiʻo no ka poʻe - akā naʻe, no ka heʻe nui ʻo ia wale nō ka hoʻohui.
Eia kekahi, kū i waho ka holoholona no kona lolo paʻakikī a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. ʻO kā lākou noi maʻamau i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua lilo i mea nui o ka noiʻi no nā meaolaola. ʻO ke ala o ka lolo o ka architeutis e hoihoi ai, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna hui ma mua o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hopena, he heʻe, he laʻana, kahi hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa. Nui loa nā maka o kēia holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kahi kumu kukui nāwaliwali loa - a me nā poʻe he nui o ka hohonu fluoresce. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, akā hiki i ko lākou mau maka ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā aka o ka hina i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kānaka - i ka hohonu o ke kai e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka heʻe nunui?
Kiʻi: Heʻe nui i ka moana
Noho lākou i nā moana āpau. Aloha lākou i ka wai mahana mahana, no laila noho mau lākou i nā subtropics a i ʻole nā latitude mahana. I nā wai mehana, a me ke anuanu loa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka manawa pinepine - a ʻau aku nō naʻe ma laila. No laila, ua hālāwai lākou ma ke kai ʻākau anu ma ke kapakai o Scandinavia a kokoke i Spitsbergen. Ma ka Moana Pākīpika, hiki iā lākou ke hālāwai mai nā kahakai ʻo ʻAilana a hiki i ka hema o Oceania.
ʻIke ʻia nā heʻe nunui ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, akā ʻo ka pinepine ma waho o ke kahakai.
- Iapana;
- Aotearoa;
- APELIKA HEMA;
- Newfoundland;
- Na Moku Beritania.
Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia mau wahi, a i ʻole nā au e lawe i nā holoholona i kahakai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau ma nā wahi pāpaʻu - he mau mika wale nō, a hoʻokahi mile paha mai ka papa honua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ka heʻe ʻōpio e ke ola ma kahi hohonu - 20-100 m, a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mākua i ka hohonu. Akā ʻaʻohe ʻāpana mālamalama: ʻoiai ma kahi hohonu o 400-600 m, e hālāwai paha kahi mea hoʻolālā kiʻi ʻōpio.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, lana nā poʻe kahiko i ka papa i luna. Akā noho maʻamau lākou i kahi hohonu o kahi mau haneli mau mika, a hiki iā lākou ke luʻu i 1500-2000 m, i loko o kahi aupuni maoli o ka pouli - ma laila lākou e ʻoluʻolu ai. ʻOiai kēlā kukui nāwaliwali, hiki ʻole i ka maka o ke kanaka, ke komo i laila, ua lawa ia no lākou.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻEkolu puʻuwai a me ke koko polū kēia cephalopod.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka heʻe nunui. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka heʻe nunui?
Kiʻi: Giant squid architeutis
ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka papaʻai o ka architeutis: paʻakikī e nānā iā lākou i nā holoholona lōhiu, a no laila ke waiho nei i nā hopena mai nā ʻike o ko lākou ʻōpū a me nā ʻōuli ʻokoʻa.
ʻAi lākou:
- iʻa pelagic kula;
- iʻa kai hohonu;
- heʻe;
- ʻokiʻoki;
- nā pali;
- heʻe ʻē aʻe.
Nānā ʻole ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, akā hiki i nā iʻa o 10 cm a ʻoi paha ke hoihoi iā ia. ʻOiai hoʻokahi wale nō i ka manawa i hopu ʻia ai lākou i ka manawa, manaʻo ʻia ke noho nei lākou a ʻimi holoholona hoʻokahi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hopu pinepine ʻia lākou ma kahakai o Nūhōlani - ʻike lākou i nā trawls e hopu i ka macruronus. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻai ka architeutis i kēia iʻa iho - mai kēia mea hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo he like kā lākou papaʻai.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka heʻe nunui ke ʻimi ʻoliʻoli: ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe ona mākala no ka neʻe wikiwiki. No laila, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e moe i ke kali no ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a hoʻouka kaua iā ia me ka manaʻo ʻole. No kēia, peʻe ka cephalopod i ka pouli i ka hohonu hohonu, a i ka ʻau ʻana o kahi heʻe a iʻa ʻē aʻe paha, hohola ia i kāna mau ʻūliki paʻa - he mau mākala mana loa ko lākou.
Me kona mau tentacles, lālau paʻa ia i ka mea pio, a laila lawe iā ia i kona nuku ʻoiʻoi a me kāna kōkua e wāwahi ai ia i mau ʻāpana, a laila wili iā ia i gruel me kahi alelo paʻakikī - hana maʻalahi kēia i ka digestion.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Inā ua nalowale kahi heʻe i kahi tentacle ma muli o kahi hoʻouka kaua ʻana e kahi mea ʻino, e hiki nō ke ulu aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Antarctic Giant Squid
Mahalo i ko lākou kūpaʻa kūpaʻa ʻole, nā heʻe nunui e mālama i ka nui o ka ikehu - ʻaʻole pono lākou e hoʻolilo ia mea no ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou kūlana i ka wai. I ka manawa like, ma muli o ka nui o ka ammonium chloride, palupalu ko lākou mauʻiʻo, palaualelo lākou a neʻe iki.
He mau mea noho kaʻawale kēia, ke noho wale nei i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa - heʻe wale lākou, me ka hana ʻole i kēia, a kau paha i ka wai a kali i kahi ʻeha e ʻau mai iā lākou. ʻO ka hopena, he mālie ko lākou ʻano, a palaualelo hoʻi: ʻaʻole paʻakikī kekahi o nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā moku.
I kekahi manawa hoʻolei ʻia nā heʻe nunui i uka, kahi e make ai lākou. Loaʻa kēia i kahi kulu nui o ka mahana o ka wai - ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻia ko lākou kino. Haʻalele wale nā pūʻali iā lākou, lilo lākou i ka hiki ke neʻe a loaʻa i ke au, lawe koke iā lākou i kai, kahi a lākou e make ai.
Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole weliweli ka wai anuanu no lākou, aloha pū lākou iā ia, a no laila hiki ke ʻau i ke kai ʻākau. ʻO ia ke kulu wela ʻoi loa e hoʻopili iā lākou destructively. No laila, hoʻolei pinepine ʻia ka heʻe i uka kokoke i nā wahi e hui ai nā au mehana a me ke anuanu. ʻO ka nui o ka architeutis i hele i ka hoʻolilo o nā mea noiʻi, ʻo ka maʻa mau ia: ola lākou i nā squid maʻamau, ulu koke lākou, ʻo ka wahine hoʻi.
I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, hiki iā lākou ke ulu mai kahi larva liʻiliʻi loa a i mau mau mika ka lōʻihi. I ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻelua, hiki lākou i ka nui o ke kanaka makua, ma kahi o ka manawa like a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ke ʻano moekolohe. Ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, make lākou - a ʻaʻole ʻemi iki nā mea hoʻolālā hale iā ia no nā makahiki a no laila ke ola nei.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nā Maka Nani Nui
ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka heʻe nunui. Loaʻa i kahi kāne kahi peni e hoʻonui ʻia ana mai ka ʻahuʻula, kahi e kipaku ʻia ai ka sperm, akā ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kēia mau cephalopod he hectotyle (ʻo ka tentacle e hāpai ana i ka sperm), ʻike ʻole ʻia ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia nā hua he nui i nā wahine momona - helu ʻia he ʻumi miliona. Liʻiliʻi loa kēlā me kēia, ma kahi o ka millimeter. He mea kupaianaha ka hiki i kekahi holoholona nui ke ulu aʻe mai ona aku.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā hua manu, hiki i ko lākou huina kaumaha ke 10-15 kg, akā pehea e kiola ai ka wahine iā lākou i ʻike ʻole ʻia, pehea a pehea ka mea e hana ai iā lākou ma hope koke o kēlā. ʻElua mau koho nui: ʻo ka mea mua, manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou i loko o kahi masonry kūikawā e pale iā lākou mai nā kūlana kūwaho. I loko o ia mea, lana nā hua i lalo o ka lalo a hiki i kēlā manawa, a hiki i ka pā ʻana o ka ʻai, a ma hope o ka pālahalaha ʻana - ʻaʻole maopopo maopopo pehea ka lōʻihi o kēia. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻepekema i nā kula o nā larvae, a ʻo nā mea i loaʻa i ka hua nui kaʻi nui loa.
No ka mea, a no ka mea hoʻi i loaʻa nā heʻe mākua ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai pili pili pili lākou i kekahi i kekahi, pale nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i ka manaʻo o nā hua i mālama ʻole i hoʻokahi paʻa, akā hāʻawi wale ʻia i ka wai, a halihali nā kahe iā lākou ma kahi mamao aku ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ka pā.
I kēia hihia, pono e make ka hapa nui loa o nā hua manu ma muli o nā hoʻololi o ka hopena a me nā ʻau kai. I loko o kekahi mau mea i ola, puka mai nā larvae - liʻiliʻi loa lākou a pale ʻole hoʻi, no laila i nā mahina mua o ke ola, hiki i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi ke hoʻoweliweli i ka predator nui e hiki mai ana. A ua luhi ko lākou mau mākua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a make wale nō, a ma hope iho holoi pinepine ʻia lākou i uka. No kahi kumu i hoʻokumu ʻole ʻia ai, ʻaneʻane mau kēia mau wahine, akā manaʻo ʻia e make pū nā kāne, ma hope wale iho o ko lākou make ʻana a piholo i lalo.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka heʻe nunui
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka heʻe nui
Hiki wale i kahi kohola sperm ke hoʻouka kūleʻa i kahi architeutis makua. ʻO kēia kona ʻenemi weliweli loa a, inā ma mua ua manaʻo ʻia e pāʻani ʻia nā kaua kai hohonu ma waena o kēia mau mea ʻaihue ʻelua, kahi e lanakila ai kekahi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻānō ua maopopo ʻaʻole pēlā.
ʻAʻole wale ka nui o ka kohola sperm, he kakaikahi loa nā mākala o ka heʻe nunui, a hiki ke hoʻohana piha i ʻelua mau halelewa wale nō. Kū'ē i ka kohola sperm, ʻaʻole lawa kēia, a ʻaʻohe manawa kūpono e lanakila inā ua ulu i ka nui o kahi mākua. No laila, ʻo ia nā kohola sperm e hoʻouka mau.
ʻO Squids, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele iā lākou - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka kohola sperm, a ʻo nā mea i koe wale nō ke hana i kahi hakakā me nā manawa liʻiliʻi loa o ka lanakila ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - e ola. I kekahi manawa ua pau kēia mau hakakā ʻana me ka make ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua: i ka manawa i nānā ai kahi moku Soviet pēlā, i loko ona, ua ale ʻia ka heʻe, ua make hoʻi, huki pono i nā tentacles mai ka ʻōpū o ka kohola sperm a ʻokiʻoki ʻia ia.
ʻO kekahi predator hiki ke pepehi i kahi architeutis kahi sila elephant. Akā i ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea makaʻu ka poʻe mākua, akā ʻo nā ʻōpio ke ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Hiki i nā iʻa predatory ke ʻai i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ka poʻe i ulu aʻe i hiki ke luku i nā manō kai hohonu, nā tuna, nā iʻa pahi kaua a me nā mea ʻino nui o ke kai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: heʻe nunui
Heʻuʻuku loa ka ʻike a ka poʻe ʻepekema e pili ana i ka nui o Architeutis e noho nei i ka wai o nā moana o ka honua - no ko lākou wahi e noho ai i ka hohonu, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu i ka huina nui a ʻoi paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā wale i nā hōʻailona kīnā ʻole. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, i loko o nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei, ua nui a nui aʻe nā heʻe o ka heʻe nui, pinepine lākou i ka hopu ʻia. ʻO kēia kumu ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ke kai hohonu, akā mai kēia mea hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo ʻaʻole nui nā Architeutis.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻo DNA i ka heʻe nunui i hopu ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka Honua i ko lākou ʻano moʻomeheu haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema i ʻelua mau hopena. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokahi wale nō heluna kanaka o ka heʻe nui e noho ana ma ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o ka Honua e uhi ana.
Akā ʻoiai me kēia ʻano, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻano o nā kūpuna, a no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena ʻelua: ke make nei ka genus. Ma waena o nā holoholona kai āpau, aia lākou i ka lua o ka wahi ma ka ʻōlelo o ka genogene homogeneity, a he mea hiki wale nō kēia inā e make koke ana ka genus. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu o kēia, no ka mea ʻaʻohe lawaiʻa lawaiʻa no architeutis, a ʻo kona ʻenemi nui, ka kohola sperm, ua lilo i mea liʻiliʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Mea hoihoi: I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, ʻo ka architeutis wale nō ka holoholona nui i kiʻi ʻole ʻia i kiʻi ʻia - o ka poʻe i ʻike maopopo ʻia ko lākou ola ʻana. I ka makahiki 2001 wale nō, ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi mua, kahi e hiki ai ke paʻi kiʻi i kāna larvae.
Heʻe nunui ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he mea hōʻeha i ka poʻe, a ma ka laulā ʻaʻole lākou e hui pū me lākou - ke ʻole, inā ʻike nā kānaka iā lākou iho. He mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa kā lākou e hoʻopaʻa ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoihoi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hana a ko lākou lolo. Akā paʻakikī loa e hoʻopaʻa i kēia holoholona i kona wahi noho.
Lā paʻi: 07/27/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 21:26
