Kona inoa hānai hou loaʻa ma muli o kona kaʻe loloa, e hohola ana ma ke kua a me ka hiʻu. Mālama pinepine ʻia kēia mau amphibians e nā mea hōʻiliʻili. I ko lākou wahi maoli, ke emi mau nei kā lākou helu. Ke nānā aku nei ka holoholona e like me kahi toad a kahi moʻo paha, akā ʻaʻole ia. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka ʻāina a ma ka wai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Crested newt
ʻO Triturus cristatus mai ka genus Triturus a pili i ke kauoha o nā amphibians huelo. No ka papa o nā amphibians ka shell shellless.
No Newts nā ʻohana aʻe:
- nā salamanders;
- nā salamanders;
- nā salamanders lungless.
I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he 4 mau ʻāpana i hoʻokomo ʻia i kēia ʻano: T. c. cristatus, T. dobrogicus, T. karelinii, a me T. carnifex. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā mea kūlohelohe i nā subspecies i kēia amphibians. Ua ʻike ʻia ka laha i ka makahiki 1553 e ka mea mākaʻikaʻi Swiss ʻo K. Gesner. Ua kapa mua ʻo ia i kahi moʻo wai. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa tritons i ka ʻohana ma 1768 e ka ʻepekema Austrian ʻo I. Laurenti.
Video: Kau ʻia ʻo Newt
I ka moʻolelo Helene kahiko, ʻo Triton ke keiki a Poseidon lāua ʻo Amphitrite. I ka wā o ke kai a Kahinaliʻi, puhi ʻo ia i kona pepeiaohao ma ke kauoha a kona makuakāne a hoʻi nā nalu. I ke kaua me nā pilikua, ua kīloi ke akua i ka pūpū o ke kai a holo aku nā pilikua. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Triton me kahi kino kanaka a me nā huelo dolphin ma kahi o nā wāwae. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka poʻe Argonauts e haʻalele i ko lākou loko a hele i ke kai ākea.
Mea hoihoi: he waiwai kūʻokoʻa ko ka lunamakaʻā o ka genus o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana. Hiki i nā Amphibians ke hoʻōla i nā huelo i nalowale, nā paws a i nā huelo paha. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo R. Mattey i kahi mea kupaianaha i ka makahiki 1925 - hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻoulu hou i nā mea kūloko a me ka hihi a hiki i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka nerve optic.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Crested newt i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka nui o nā mākua i 11-18 mau kenimika, ma ʻEulopa - a i 20 mau kenimika. He fusiform ke kino, nui ke poʻo, pālahalaha. Pili lākou i ka ʻāʻī pōkole. Pālahalaha ʻia ka huelo. ʻO kona lōʻihi e like paha me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Ua like nā lālā, hoʻomohala maikaʻi. Ma nā wāwae mua, 3-4 mau manamana lahilahi, ma nā wāwae hope, 5.
Lawe ʻia ka hanu ʻana o ka larvae ma o nā gills. Hanu nā mākua amphibians ma o ka ʻili a me nā akemāmā, kahi e loli ai nā gills. Me ke kōkua o kahi kaolaʻili ma ka huelo, loaʻa i nā amphibians ka oxygen mai ka wai. Inā koho nā holoholona i kahi nohona honua, nalo e like me ka mea ʻole. Hiki i Newts ke ʻūlū, ke kolo, a me ka ʻawī.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻOiai nāwaliwali ka ʻike o nā amphibians, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka honi: hiki i nā mea hou ke honi i ka mea pio ma kahi mamao o 200-300 mau mika.
ʻOkoʻa ka laha mai kahi newt maʻamau i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻāpana longitudinal ʻeleʻele i waena o nā maka. ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino me nā wahi ʻike iki ʻia. He melemele a ʻalani paha ka ʻōpū. Nui nā huhui o nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā papalina a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻEleʻele ka puʻu, melemele i kekahi manawa, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. Holo nā niho i nā lālani like ʻelua. ʻO ke ʻano o nā āle e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻO ka ʻili, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano, hiki ke laumania a peku paha. ʻAno i ka hoʻopā. Ma ka ʻōpū, maʻa mau me ka ʻole o kahi hōʻoluʻolu, ma ke kua he mānoanoa. ʻAʻole pili ke kala i ka laha wale nō, akā i ka nohona hoʻi. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i ke kinona a me ka nui o ka piko o ka kāne e ulu ana i ke kau male.
Hiki i ka piko i ke kiʻekiʻe ke piʻi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kenimika, haʻi ʻia ka isthmus ma ka huelo. ʻO ka ʻāpana serrated nui loa e holo ana mai ke poʻo a i ke kumu o ka huelo. ʻAʻole i haʻi nui ʻia ka huelo. I nā manawa maʻamau, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ka piko ma nā kāne.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mea hou?
Kiʻi: Crested newt ma Lūkia
He ākea loa ka nohona o nā mea ola. Aia pū me ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa, e like me UK, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ʻIlani. Noho nā Amphibians ma Ukraine, ma ke komohana o Rusia. Holo ka palena hema ma Romania, nā Alps, Moldova, ke Kai ʻEleʻele. I ka ʻākau, ka palena ia ma Pinilana a me Kuekene.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia i nā wahi nahele me nā kino wai liʻiliʻi - nā loko, nā loko, nā auwai, nā wai hoʻi peat, nā ʻauwai. Lilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma kahakai, no laila ʻike lākou i kahi puʻuhonua i nā ʻōpala popopo, nā puka mole, a me ka ʻā o nā lāʻau i hāule.
Noho nā holoholona ma nā ʻāina ʻaneʻane, koe wale ʻo Australia, Antarctica, ʻApelika. Hiki iā ʻoe ke launa me lākou ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAsia a ma waho o ka Arctic Circle. Koho nā mea ola i nā wahi me ka nui o nā mea kanu. Hōʻalo ʻia nā wahi haumia. I ka puna a hiki i ke kau waena e noho lākou i ka wai. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka ʻāina, peʻe nā mea ola i nā hale malumalu.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hibernate nā amphibians no 7-8 mau mahina a burrow ma lalo o ka honua, nā lāʻau popopo, lāʻau make a i ʻole kahi puʻu o nā lau i hāʻule. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā huhui o nā mea ola e puliki ana kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā ākea hāmama. He paʻakikī loa e loaʻa nā newa crested ma nā wahi mahiʻai a me nā wahi i noho ʻia.
ʻO ka hohonu o nā waihona maʻa mau ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, pinepine 0.7-0.9 mau mika. ʻAʻole paha i ʻoi aku nā waihona kikowaena ma mua o 0.2-0.3 mika. Ala nā holoholona i ka hapa lua o ʻApelila, ke hoʻomehana ka lewa a i 9-10 kekelē. Kū ka hoʻonohonoho lehulehu o nā waihona me nā mahana o ka wai ma luna o 12-13 kekelē.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka mea hou?
Kiʻi: Crother newt mai ka Red Book
ʻOkoʻa ka papaʻai i ka ʻāina.
I ka wai, ʻai nā amphibians:
- nalo wai;
- pūpū;
- nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- larvae mosika;
- poʻe aloha wai;
- lōlō hihi;
- twirls;
- ʻūpā wai.
Ma ka ʻāina, emi ka ʻai a emi pinepine.
No ka hapa nui ʻo ia:
- ʻenuhe honua;
- nā kolo a me nā ʻūlū;
- slug;
- ʻākala hakahaka.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka maka maka maikaʻi ʻole i ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona nimble, no laila pōloli pinepine ka mea hou. Kōkua nā ʻōnaehana laina e hopu i nā crustacea amphibious e ʻau i ke alo o ka amphibian ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi kenimika. Alualu ʻo Newts i nā hua iʻa a me nā ʻenuhe. Hana ʻia nā molluscs ma kahi o 60% o ka papaʻai o nā amphibians, nā larva insect - a hiki i 40%.
Ma ka ʻāina, piʻi nā ʻenehu honua a hiki i 60% o ka papaʻai, slugs 10-20%, nā ʻeneka a me kā lākou larvae - 20-40%, nā kānaka liʻiliʻi o kekahi ʻano - 5%. I ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana home, hānai ʻia nā mākua me ka hale a i ʻole nā ʻalekiki maiʻa, ka ʻai a i ʻole nā ʻenewewe, nā ipo, nā molluscs a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka wai, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kolo i nā nīnū, wororms, tubules.
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, akā no ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, i kekahi mau wahi i alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi o ka heluna kanaka. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻimi pinepine nā amphibians i ka pō a i ʻole i ke ao i ka ua ua. Hopu lākou i nā mea āpau a kokoke a pili i ka waha.
ʻAi wale nā larva i hana ʻia ma Zooplankton. Ke ulu a makua, hoʻololi lākou i kahi pio pio nui aku. Ma ka pae larval, hānai nā mea hou i nā gastropod, caddisflies, spider, cladocerans, lamellar gill, a me nā copepods. Loaʻa ka makemake i nā mea ola, hoʻouka pinepine lākou i nā mea i ʻoi aku i kā lākou nui.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i ka mea hou. E nānā pehea e noho ai i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Crested newt
Hoʻomaka nā mea hou Crested i kā lākou hana ma Malaki-ʻApelila, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi, hiki ke hana i kēia kaʻina mai Pepeluali a Mei. Makemake nā mea ola i kahi nohona pō, akā i ka wā o ka moʻa hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
He ʻauʻau maikaʻi nā holoholona a ʻoluʻolu i ka wai ma mua o ka pae. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huelo ma ke ʻano he propeller. Neʻe wikiwiki nā Amphibians ma lalo o nā kino wai, ʻoiai ke holo nei i ka ʻāina ke nānā aku.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau hānau, neʻe kekahi poʻe i ka ʻāina, akā makemake kekahi mau kāne e noho i ka wai a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau. ʻOiai neʻe lākou i ka honua me ka paʻakikī, i nā wā o ka weliweli, hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe me nā kuʻi wikiwiki.
Hiki i nā Amphibians ke kolo aku mai nā wai wai no hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilomita. ʻO nā huakaʻi hilinaʻi nui loa he ʻōpio ʻōpio o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki. ʻO nā poʻe hou me ka ʻike nui e hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i ka wai. ʻAʻole nā lua hibernation e ʻeli iho iā lākou iho. E hoʻohana mākaukau. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou i loko o lākou i nā hui e emi iki ai ka pulu.
Ma ka home, noho lōʻihi nā amphibians ma mua o ka nohona kūlohelohe. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, kahi mea ʻole e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou, hiki i nā newts ke noho no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Ua make ka mea kahiko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 28 - he moʻolelo ma waena o nā kenekulia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Crested newt i ke kūlohelohe
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai i kahi hibernation, hoʻi nā amphibians i ka wai i hānau ʻia ai lākou. Hiki mua nā kāne. Inā he ua, e maʻalahi ke ala, inā he hau ka paʻakikī e hiki i laila. Noho ke kāne i kāna wahi a kali i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wahine.
Ke kokoke ka wahine, hohola ke kāne i nā pheromones, e wīwī nei i kāna huelo. Hana ka cavalier i kahi hulahula moena, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻonani i kāna mea i aloha ai, kūlou i kona kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻānai iā ia, kuʻi māmā ke poʻo me kāna huelo. I ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻomoe ka kāne i ka spermatophore ma lalo, a hāpai ka wahine iā ia me ka cloaca.
Lawe ka mea hoʻomomona i loko o ke kino. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i mau hua keʻokeʻo, melemele a melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pili ana i 5 millimeter i ke anawaena i ka hopena o ka puna a me ke kauwela. Wili ʻia nā hua i loko o 2-3 mau ʻāpana i nā lau o nā mea kanu wai. Hōʻike ʻo Larvae ma hope o 14-18 mau lā. I ka manawa mua, hānai lākou i ka mea mai nā ʻeke yolk, a laila huli lākou no ka zooplankton.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka larvae, gula ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka huela a me ka fin i nā wahi ʻeleʻele me ka ʻili keʻokeʻo. ʻUlaʻula nā ʻaila. Ulu lākou i ka lōʻihi a i 8 kenimika. ʻAʻole like me nā lāhui pili loa, noho lākou i ke kolamu wai, ʻaʻole ma ka lalo, no laila ʻai pinepine ʻia lākou e nā iʻa meʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ulu mua nā forelimbs i ka larvae. Ulu nā mea hope ma kahi o 7-8 mau pule.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o Larval ma kahi o 3 mau mahina, a ma hope e puka mai nā ʻōpio mai ka wai a pae i ka ʻāina. Ke hoʻomaloʻo ka waihona, holo wikiwiki ke kaʻina hana, a ke lawa ka wai, ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka hibernate larvae hoʻololi ʻole i kēia ʻano. Akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapakolu o lākou e ola a hiki i ka pūnāwai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mea hou
Kiʻi: Wahine hou ʻia
Hūnā i ka ʻili Amphibian ka ʻūlū a me kahi lāʻau make e hiki ai ke maʻi i kekahi holoholona.
Akā, me kēia, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka newt:
- nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- moonihoawa;
- nahesa;
- kekahi iʻa;
- ʻona;
- ʻanakala a me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi honu mākō a i ʻole kahi hulu ʻeleʻele ke komo i ke ola o kahi amphibian. ʻO ka nui o nā mea ʻai wai e like me kekahi ʻano iʻa, amphibians, invertebrates manaʻo ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻūlū. ʻAʻole mea maʻamau ka Cannibalism i ka pio. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kekahi mau lehulehu e nā iʻa i hoʻolauna ʻia.
Hiki i nā parasites ke kumu i ka niumonia ke komo i loko o ke kino o ka holoholona me ka meaʻai. I waena o lākou: Batrachotaenia karpathica, Cosmocerca longicauda, Halipegus ovocaudatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae, Pleurogenes claviger, Chabaudgolvania terdentatum, Hedruris androphora.
Ma ka home, maʻalahi nā mea hou i nā maʻi he nui. Pili nā maʻi maʻamau i ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hānai kūpono ʻole ʻana ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana o ka lepo i ka ʻōpū.
ʻEha pinepine ka poʻe Aquarium i nā maʻi fungal e hoʻopili i ka ʻili. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mucorosis ka pilikia maʻamau. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ka sepsis. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ke komo ʻana o nā microbes i loko o ke kino. Hiki i ke olakino kūpono ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai i nā aʻa - dropsy.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Newt crested i ka wai
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ka mea nui i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka hou. Ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka o kēia laha ma mua o nā amphibians ʻē aʻe. No T. cristatus, ʻo ka hoʻohaumia ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā kino wai i mea makaʻu nui loa.
I nā panalāʻau he nui, kahi ma kahi o iwakālua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ʻia nā amphibians he ʻano laha, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa. Manaʻo ʻia ka mea hou ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāhulu ʻaneʻane wikiwiki i ka holoholona ʻEulopa. ʻOiai ka laulā, ʻaʻole nui iki ka ʻano, keu hoʻi ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o kāna mau wahi noho maʻamau.
Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia kēlā kanaka kēia kanaka i ka pae mosaic a loaʻa i kekahi mau manawa ma mua o ka newt maʻamau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia iā ia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka waihona he ʻano laka. ʻOiai he 5 mau manawa ka emi o ka crest hou ma mua o ka mea maʻamau, ma nā ululāʻau deciduous ua like ka heluna o ka lehulehu, a ma kekahi mau wahi i ʻoi aku i ka laha maʻamau.
Ma muli o ka luku nui ʻia o nā wahi noho mai nā 1940s, ua emi nui ka heluna kanaka o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka nui o ka heluna kanaka he 1.6-4.5 mau laʻana no ka hectare o ka ʻāina. I nā wahi i hele pinepine ʻia e ka poʻe, aia kahi ʻano no ka nalowale ʻaneʻane o nā wahi nui.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pūnaewele o nā alanui, ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā iʻa meʻa (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hiamoe Amur), ka luku ʻia e ka poʻe, ka noho kūlanakauhale ʻana o nā panalāʻau a me ka hei ʻana no nā terrarium i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka nui o nā mea ola. ʻO ka hana ʻeli ʻana o ka boar kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka kiaʻi ʻana i nā mea hou
Kiʻi: Crother newt mai ka Red Book
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka International Red Book, Red Book of Latvia, Lithuania, Tatarstan. Palekana ʻia e ka Berne Convention (Annex II). ʻOiai ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Data Book of Russia, ʻoiai manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli ʻia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o nā Red Data Books o 25 mau ʻāina o Rūsia. Aia ma waena o lākou ʻo Orenburg, Moscow, Ulyanovsk, Republic of Bashkortostan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole noi ʻia nā hana palekana kūikawā. Noho nā holoholona i nā waihona he 13 ma Rūsia, ʻo Zhigulevsky a me nā mālama ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hoʻohui kemika o ka wai hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale piha ʻana o nā amphibians. No laila, koi ʻia e kaupalena i nā hana mahiʻai a me nā ululāʻau.
No ka mālama ʻana i nā laha, pono e hoʻokō i ka hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻulu kūloko a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi aupuni hoʻomalu ʻia i loko o ia mau ʻāpana, e kia ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kino wai, a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka pāpā ma nā mea hou. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i loko o ka papa inoa o nā holoholona laha ʻole o ka ʻāina Saratov a koi ʻia no ke komo ʻana i loko o ka Red Data Book o kēia wahi.
I nā kauhale nui, koi ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i nā kaiaolaola i loko o ka wai, hoʻololi i nā panakō i kāhiko ʻia me nā mea kanu kūlohelohe no ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā mea ola, a kāpae i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kahawai wai i hana ʻole ʻia i loko o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi me nā bipi.
Pahu hou a hana ʻia kāna larvae i ka luku ʻia o nā makika, nāna e lawe mai nā pōmaikaʻi nui i nā kānaka. Eia kekahi, ʻai nā amphibians i nā halihali o nā ʻano maʻi. Me ka mālama kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhiko wale i kāu aquarium me kahi lua o crest newts, akā hoʻopuka pono iā lākou. Pono nā pēpē i ka meaʻai mau, nā mea kanu a me nā hale hānai.
Ka lā paʻi: 22.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 18:52
