ʻO Elasmotherium - kahi rhinoceros pau lōʻihi, kahi i ʻike ʻia e kona ulu nui a me kahi pepeiaohao lōʻihi e ulu ana mai ka waena o kona lae. Ua uhi ʻia kēia mau rhino me ka huluhulu, i ʻae iā lākou e ola i ke aniau Siberian ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano o Elasmotherium e noho nei i nā wahi mehana. Ua lilo ʻo Elasmotherium i mau kūpuna na ko ʻAmelika hou, nā ʻInia a me nā rhino ʻeleʻele.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Elasmotherium
ʻO Elasmotherium kahi genus o nā rhino i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 800 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma Eurasia. Ua pio ʻo Elasmotherium ma kahi o 10 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā Ice Ice i hala. Hiki ke loaʻa kāna mau kiʻi i ke ana Kapova o ka Urals a i nā ana he nui ma Sepania.
ʻO ka genus o nā rhinoceroses he mau holoholona like equid-hoofed i ola i nā ʻano he nui a hiki i kēia lā. Inā i hui nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus i nā anuanu ʻelua a me nā anuanu, i kēia manawa aia wale nō lākou ma ʻApelika a me India.
Video: Elasmotherium
Loaʻa nā inoa o Rhinos i ko lākou inoa mai ka pepeiaohao e ulu ana ma ka hopena o kā lākou waha. ʻAʻole ulu ka iwi o kēia pepeiaohao, akā he mau kaukani keratinized huluhulu i hoʻohui ʻia, no laila ke hōʻike maoli nei ka pepeiaohao i kahi ʻano fibrous a ikaika ʻole e like me ka nānā mua ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka pepeiaohao ka mea i hoʻopau i nā rhino i kēia manawa - ʻokiʻoki nā mea ʻai holoholona i ka pepeiaohao mai ka holoholona, no ka mea i make kekahi mea. I kēia manawa aia nā rhino ma lalo o ka pale o 24 mau hola no ka hoʻomalu.
He mau mea kanu ʻo Rhino, a i mea e mālama ai i ka ikehu i ko lākou kino nui (i kēia manawa he 4-5 ton ke kaumaha o nā rhino, a ʻoi aku ke kaupaona o nā kūpuna) hānai lākou i ka lā holoʻokoʻa me ka hiamoe hiamoe pinepine.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e kahi kino ʻano nui barela, nā wāwae nunui me ʻekolu manamana wāwae e hele i nā ʻūlū ikaika. He huelo pōkole, lawe lima ko Rhinos me kahi palaki (ʻo ka lauoho wale nō i koe ma luna o kēia mau holoholona) a me nā pepeiao e makaʻala i nā leo. Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā papa ʻili e mālama ai i nā rhino mai ka wela ma lalo o ka lā wela o ʻApelika. Aia nā ʻano rhino a pau e kokoke ana i ka make, akā ʻo ka rhino ʻeleʻele ka mea kokoke loa i ka make.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Rhino Elasmotherium
ʻO Elasmotherium kahi lunamakaʻāinana nui o kona ʻano. Ua hōʻea ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino i 6 m, kiʻekiʻe - 2.5 m, akā me kā lākou ana i kaupaona ʻia ma lalo o kā lākou mau hoa o kēia manawa - mai 5 tone (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka ulu ʻana o ka rhinoceros ʻApelika).
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka pepeiaohao lōʻihi mānoanoa ma ka ihu, e like me nā rhino o kēia wā, akā ulu aʻe mai ka lae. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia pepeiaohao ʻaʻole fibrous ia, nona nā lauoho keratinized - he ulu iwi ia, ke ʻano like me ke kiko o ka iwi poʻo o Elasmotherium. Hiki i ka pepeiaohao ke lōʻihi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mau mika me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, no laila ua ikaika ka ʻāʻī o ka rhinoceros, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mānoanoa o ka iwi maha.
He withers kiʻekiʻe ko Elasmotherium, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka puʻu o kēia bison o kēia lā. Akā ʻoiai nā humps o nā bison a me nā kāmelo e kau ʻia ma nā waihona momona, kau ka ʻalalā o Elasmotherium ma luna o nā iwi o ka iwi kuamoʻo, ʻoiai he waihona momona ko lākou.
ʻO ka hope o ke kino i haʻahaʻa loa a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka mua. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae wīwī o Elasmotherium, no laila hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻololi ʻia ka holoholona i kahi ala wikiwiki, ʻoiai e holo ana me kahi kino kino i ikaika.
ʻIke hoihoi: Aia kekahi kuhiakau ʻo ia ka Elasmotherium i lilo i prototypes o nā unicorn kaʻao.
Eia kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o Elasmotherium ʻo ia ka uhi piha ʻia me ka huluhulu mānoanoa. Noho ʻo ia i nā wahi anuanu, no laila pale ka hulu i ka holoholona mai ka ua a me ka hau. ʻO kekahi ʻano o Elasmotherium he ʻaahu lahilahi kona ma mua o kekahi.
Ma hea i noho ai ʻo Elasmotherium?
Kiʻi: Caucasian Elasmotherium
Aia kekahi mau ʻano Elasmotherium i noho i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.
No laila ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike o ko lākou ola.
- i ka Urals;
- ma Sepania;
- i Palani (Ruffignac Cave, kahi i kahi kahakaha ʻokoʻa ʻana o kahi rhinoceros nunui me kahi pepeiaohao mai kona lae);
- ma ʻEulopa Komohana;
- ma Siberia Hikina;
- i Kina;
- i ʻIrana.
Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka Elasmotherium mua i noho ma Caucasus - ke koena kahiko o nā rhino i loaʻa ma laila ma ka Azov steppes. ʻO ka ʻike o ka Caucasian Elasmotherium ka mea i kūleʻa nui loa no ka mea ua ola ia i kekahi mau makahiki Ice.
Ma ka Taman Peninsula, ua ʻeli ʻia nā koena o Elasmotherium no ʻekolu mau makahiki, a e like me nā paleontologists, aia kēia mau koena ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki. No ka manawa mua, ua loaʻa nā iwi o Elasmotherium ma 1808 ma Siberia. I ka hana pōhaku, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā meheu o ka hulu a puni ka iwi, a me kahi pepeiaohao lōʻihi e ulu ana mai ka lae. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻo Siberian Elasmotherium.
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iwi iwi piha o Elasmotherium ma nā koena i loaʻa ma ka Stavropol Paleontological Museum. He kanaka ʻo ia o nā lāhui nui loa i noho ma ka hema o Siberia, Moldova a me Ukraine.
Noho ʻo Elasmotherium ma nā ululāʻau a ma nā kula. Maliʻa paha aloha ʻo ia i nā ʻāina wai a i ʻole nā kahawai e kahe ana, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia i ka manawa he nui. ʻAʻole like ia me nā rhino o kēia wā, noho malū ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ia makaʻu i ka poʻe ʻaihue.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i noho ai ka Elasmotherium kahiko. E ʻike kākou i ka mea a lākou i ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea a Elasmotherium i ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Siberian Elasmotherium
Mai ke ʻano o ko lākou mau niho, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ua ʻai ka Elasmotherium i ka mauʻu paʻakikī i ulu i nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka wai - ua loaʻa nā ʻāpana abrasive i nā koena o nā niho, e hōʻike nei i kēia manawa. ʻAi ʻo Elasmotherium a 80 kg., Nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ma muli o ka pili pili o Elasmotherium o nā rhino ʻApelika a me India, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e pili pū ana kā lākou papaʻai i:
- pepeiao maloʻo;
- mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- lau o nā kumulāʻau i hiki i nā holoholona ke kiʻi i luna;
- nā hua i heleleʻi mai nā lāʻau a i ka honua;
- ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio o ka ʻohe;
- ʻili lāʻau ʻōpiopio;
- i nā wahi hema o ka nohona - lau o nā kumu waina;
- Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā niho, maopopo leʻa ua ʻai ʻo Elasmotherium i nā mea kanu ʻohe, ka lepo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā limu, i hiki ke loaʻa mai nā kino wai papau.
Ua like ka lehelehe o Elasmotherium me ka lehelehe o nā rhinoceroses ʻInia - hoʻokahi lehelehe elongated i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu lōʻihi a kiʻekiʻe. He lehelehe ākea ko nā rhino ʻApelika, no laila ʻai lākou i ka mauʻu haʻahaʻa.
ʻUa huki ʻo Elasmotherium i nā pepeiao kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu a nāu lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi; kona kiʻekiʻe a me kona ʻāʻī hoʻolālā e ʻae iā ia e kiʻi i nā lāʻau haʻahaʻa, e haehae ana i nā lau mai laila. Ma muli o ke anilā, hiki i ka Elasmotherium ke inu mai 80 a 200 liters. wai i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai paʻakikī kēia mau holoholona e ola me ka wai ʻole no hoʻokahi pule.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Elasmotherium Kahiko
Loaʻa ʻole ʻo Elasmotherium e moe kokoke kekahi i kekahi, no laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo he mehameha nā rhino. Wale ke koena o ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia i kekahi manawa i hiki i kēia mau rhino ke noho i nā hui liʻiliʻi he 5 a ʻoi paha.
Hoʻopili kēia me ka hanana kaiaulu o kēia manawa o nā rhino India. ʻAi lākou a puni ka uaki, akā i nā wā wela o ka lā hele lākou i nā wahi momona a i ʻole nā kino o ka wai, kahi e moe ai i ka wai a ʻai i nā mea kanu kokoke a kūpono paha i ke kino wai. ʻOiai ʻo ka Elasmotherium kahi rhinoceros huluhulu, hiki paha iā ia ke hānai a puni ka wai a puni ka uaki me ka hele ʻole i loko o ka wai.
He mea nui ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ke ola o ka rhino a ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ʻo Elasmotherium. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema he nui nā parasites i hiki ke noho i kona huluhulu, kahi a ka rhinoceros i hiki ke hemo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a me nā ʻauʻau lepo. Eia kekahi, e like me nā genna o nā rhino, hiki iā ia ke noho pū me nā manu. Holo mālie nā manu ma ke kino o kahi rhinoceros, nā pepeke peck a me nā parasites mai kona ʻili, a hoʻomaopopo pū hoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka pilikia. He pilina simbiotic pono kēia i kū i ka wā o ke ola o ka Elasmotherium.
Ua alakaʻi ka rhinoceros i kahi nohona nomadic, e neʻe ana ma hope o nā mea kanu ke pau i kona wahi. Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka Elasmotherium me nā rhino ʻInia hou, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ua noho kaʻawale nā kāne, ʻoiai nā wahine e ʻākoakoa i nā hui liʻiliʻi, kahi i hānai ai i kā lākou ʻōpio. ʻO nā kāne ʻōpio, e waiho ana i ka pūʻā, hiki ke hana i nā hui liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Elasmotherium
Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ua hiki i Elasmotherium ke oʻo i ka wahine ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki. Inā i loko o ka rut Rhinoceros India e pili ana i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono pule, a laila i ka Elasmotherium e noho ana i nā wahi anuanu, hiki ke hana ʻia hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wela. Penei ka hana rhino penei: haʻalele nā wahine i kā lākou hui no kekahi manawa a hele i waho e ʻimi i kahi kāne. Ke loaʻa ʻo ia he kāne, pili lāua kekahi i kekahi no kekahi mau lā, alualu ka wahine iā ia ma nā wahi āpau.
Inā i kēia wā hiki ke hakakā nā kāne i ka hakakā no hoʻokahi wahine. He paʻakikī e nānā i ke ʻano o ka Elasmotherium, akā hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau holoholona clumpy phlegmatic hoʻi lākou i makemake ʻole e komo i nā hakakā. No laila, ʻaʻole huhū a koko ke kaua ʻana no ka wahine - ua kipaku wale ka rhino nui aku i ka mea liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine Elasmotherium ma kahi o 20 mau mahina, ma muli o ka hopena ua hānau ʻia ka cub ua ikaika. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ke koena o nā cubs ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa - hoʻokahi iwi wale nō i nā ana o ka poʻe kahiko. Mai kēia mea hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo he ʻōpio ia o ka Elasmotherium i hoʻoweliweli pinepine ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona mua.
Ua piʻi ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka Elasmotherium i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, a ua ola nā kānaka he nui i ka wā elemakule, mai ka wā mua he kakaikahi loa ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Elasmotherium
Kiʻi: Rhino Elasmotherium
ʻO Elasmotherium kahi mea ulu lāʻau nui i hiki ke pale nona iho, no laila ʻaʻole ia i kū i kekahi makaʻu kūpilikiʻi koʻikoʻi.
I ka hopena o Pliocene, ua hālāwai ʻo Elasmotherium me kēia mau mea ʻaihue.
- ʻo ka glyptodont kahi feline nui me nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi;
- smilodon - ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā felines, alualu ʻia i nā pūʻolo;
- ʻano laha o nā bea.
I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻo Australopithecines, kahi e neʻe mālie ai mai ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi holoholona no nā holoholona nui, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻi i ka lāhui rhino.
I ka hopena o Pleistocene, hiki ke ʻimi ʻia e:
- nā bea (ʻelua a me nā mea i koe);
- nunui cheetahs;
- nā hipa o nā hyenas;
- haʻaheo o nā liona ana.
Mea hoihoi: hoʻomohala ʻo Rhinoceroses i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 56 km / h, a ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka māmā o Elasmotherium, manaʻo ka ʻepekema ua hiki i ka wikiwiki i ka 70 km / h.
Ua like ka nui o nā mea hōkai me ka nui o nā herbivores, akā ua waiho ʻo Elasmotherium i mea pio nui loa no ka nui o nā mea ʻimi holoholona. No laila, i ka wā i hoʻouka aku ai kahi ʻohana a i hoʻokahi holoholona kūpaka paha iā ia, makemake ʻo Elasmotherium e pale iā ia iho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pepeiaohao lōʻihi. ʻO nā pōpoki wale nō me nā ʻiʻo loloa a me nā māiʻuʻu e hiki ke nahu ma ka ʻili mānoanoa a me ka ʻahu o kēia rhino.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Elasmotherium Pau
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā kumu o ka luku ʻia o Elasmotherium. Ua ola maikaʻi lākou i kekahi mau makahiki Ice, no laila, ua hoʻololi kino ʻia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou lauoho.
No laila, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i kekahi mau kumu no ka luku ʻia o Elasmotherium:
- i ka wā o ka hau i hala, ua luku ʻia nā mea kanu, ka mea i hānai nui ʻia i ka Elasmotherium, no laila ua make lākou i ka pōloli;
- Ua kū ʻo Elasmotherium i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kūlana o nā mahana haʻahaʻa a me ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai - ua luku kēia hiʻohiʻona evolution i kā lākou genus;
- ʻO ka poʻe i ʻimi i ka Elasmotherium no ka ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo hiki ke holoi i ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa.
He hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ʻo Elasmotherium no ka poʻe kahiko, no laila ua koho nā mea ʻimi holoholona mua i nā ʻōpio a me nā keiki i mea hōʻeha, a hoʻopau koke i ka genus o kēia mau rhino. Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ʻo Elasmotherium ma loko o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, no laila ua hele a luku ʻia ka luku. Maliʻa paha, aia kekahi mau kumu no ka luku ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ua hāwele lākou a hoʻopau hope i ka heluna kanaka.
Akā ua hana nui ʻo Elasmotherium i ke ola kanaka, inā ua hopu ka poʻe kahiko i kēia holoholona i nā kiʻi pōhaku. Ua alualu lākou a mahalo iā ia, no ka mea hāʻawi ka rhino iā lākou i nā ʻili mehana a me nā ʻiʻo he nui.
Inā he kuleana nui ko ka poʻe i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka genus Elasmotherium, a laila i kēia manawa e ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ke kanaka me nā rhino e kū nei. ʻOiai kokoke lākou i ka make ma muli o ka ʻimi ʻana o nā mea ʻai holoholona i kā lākou mau pepeiaohao, pono e mālama mau ʻia nā ʻano e noho nei me ka mālama. ʻO Elasmotherium, nā keiki a nā rhino maoli, e hoʻomau nei i kona ʻano, akā i kahi ʻano hou.
Lā paʻi: 07/14/2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 18:33
