Toad aha - kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana toad. ʻO ka mea mua loa, ke kuʻi nei kona nui nui - hiki ke kaupaona ma mua o kahi kilokilo, no laila, ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka mea nui amphibian mea nui ma ka honua. Akā ʻaʻole kēia wale nō ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ka agu toad i amphibian paʻakikī.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Toad yeah
ʻO Toad aha e pili ana i nā amphibians hu ʻole mai ka ʻohana toad. He ʻohana nui ia me nā laha he nui. He huikau ka wehewehe ʻana o kēia ʻohana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā hui āpau i kāhea ʻia i kēia hui. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia nā pēpē paleke, nīwi i ihu ʻia, nā pēpē e like me ka rana, no nā ʻohana o ka lūlū, limnodynastis a me rhinoprinis. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka toads ka loli.
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e wehewehe i ko lākou ʻokoʻa mai nā rana:
- ua hoʻomohala iki nā toads i nā lālā o hope. No laila, lele ʻino nā toads a neʻe ka hapanui me nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi, kolo;
- i ka hapanui o nā hihia, makemake nā pēpē i ka wai, hiki i nā rana ke noho i ka lepo a me nā wahi maloʻo;
- pōkole ke kino o nā toads a kaumaha nui me nā poʻohiwi nunui pōkole;
- uhi pinepine ʻia nā toads me nā tubercles, kahi i kapa ʻia he warts, ʻoiai he laumania nā rana;
- loaʻa i nā toads kahi haumāna papamoe;
- ʻike maka pinepine ka maka pepeiao ma hope o nā maka.
Hiki i nā toads i nā nui like ʻole: mai 20 mm (Guiana harlequin) a i 220 mm (ka toad o Blomberg). ʻOkoʻa kā lākou meaʻai a me ko lākou nohona, akā ʻo ka nui o nā toads i ka pō, i ka wā e hālāwai ai lākou me nā mea ʻino he nui i ka lā. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o nā toads ma kahi o nā kino wai, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he poʻe terrestrial a semi-terrestrial paha. Pono ka hapa nui o nā ʻano toad i ka wai e hoʻohua, kahi e hoʻomoe ai lākou i kā lākou mau hua.
Manaʻo ʻia e ʻai nā toads i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi - nā ilo, nā ʻelala, nā kuhū, a pēlā aku. Akā hiki i nā ʻelele nui o ka ʻohana ke ʻai i nā holoholona: nā ʻiole, nā manu, nā moʻo a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, hoʻololi koke nā ʻōpū o nā toads i ka digestion o nā meaʻai hou.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Toad poisonous yeah
He ʻāpana kala ʻo ʻAha toad o kona ʻohana. ʻO ia kekahi o nā toads nui loa a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻelele nui o nā amphibians (ʻo ko Blomerg's toad wale nō a ʻo ka frog goliath ka nui). Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 24 cm, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia ma mua o kēia nui. ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o ka amphibian ma mua o ka kilogram, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka ʻili o ka toad aga, e like me nā kālaka ʻē aʻe, i uhi ʻia me nā warts keratinized a me nā ulu ʻana. Mahalo i kēia ulu ʻana, ikaika ka ʻili a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e nahu ma o ia no nā manu e like me ke kikonia a me ka herona. Ma luna o nā maka o nā toads aia kekahi ʻōlelo ulu e haʻi i kahi hana pale - pale lākou i nā maka mai ka lepo a me ka pāhawewe lā.
Video: Toad yeah
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, like ke kala o ka toad - ʻaʻole pono ia i nā camouflage nui loa. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele ia me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka brown a brown, i māmā iki i ka ʻōpū a me ka waha. Akā i kekahi mau wahi noho, loaʻa i nā toads nā camouflage spot. Hiki keʻokeʻo waiū keʻokeʻo me nā kaha ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā e like me nā kiko leopadi. A i ʻole, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele, lilo i ʻeleʻele i ka toad a loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hoʻonui ʻia mai nā maka ma nā laina ʻaoʻao o ke kua.
Aia nā ʻōpū parotid ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā maka, kokoke i ka hope. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana o ka rana, no ka mea ʻaʻole kau ka leo i ka lohe, akā i ka hana ʻana i kahi huna ʻona. Hoʻoweliweli ia i nā mea ʻino a hiki ke pepehi i kekahi mau ʻenemi kūlike inā ʻai ʻia. E like me nā pēpē, he haumāna ākea ko ka toad, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā maka he nui loa.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ua ʻeli ʻia ka lāʻau make o ke toad aga e hoʻomake i nā mea hoʻomake.
Pōkole a nui nā wāwae o ka toad; neʻe mālie ia. ʻAʻohe membrane ma nā manamana wāwae o mua, akā ma ka hope e mālama mau ʻia ia a ʻaʻole e hoʻemi ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kēia toad mai kahi poʻe ʻē aʻe e kahi poʻo nui a me kahi kino ākea loa me kahi ʻōpū puʻupuʻu.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe inā ʻona ka toad, ʻae, ʻaʻole paha. E nānā kāua i kona wahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka toad?
Kiʻi: Toad aha i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka toad aga ka ʻāina kokoke i nā kahawai o ka Rio Grande (Texas), waena Amazon, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Peru.
Akā no ka pepehi ʻana i nā mea make ʻino, hoʻolauna aloha ʻia ka toad aga i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe:
- ke kapakai hikina o Auseteralia;
- hikina ʻElepelika;
- ke kapakai o Nu Hema Hema;
- ma ka hema o Florida;
- Pāpua Nūkini;
- Nā Paeʻāina Pilipino;
- na Mokupuni Ogasawara ma Iapana;
- Nā Mokupuni Ryukyu;
- Mokupuni Caribbean;
- Nā mokupuni Pākīpika, e like me Hawaii a me Fiji.
Ua ʻaʻa maʻalahi ʻo Aha i nā ʻāina hou, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mahana mai 5 a 40 kekelē Celsius. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma waena o nā one mai ke kino wai, a ma nā kahawai, ma kahakai a kokoke i nā wahi kai. Eia kekahi, ke aʻa aʻa maikaʻi ke aʻa i ka wai paʻakai iki, kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa no nā toads i ka nui. Ma Hawaii, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka inoa ʻo "kai toad" (Bufo marinus).
ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ke aga ka lilo ʻana o kona ʻili i keratinized a paʻakikī hoʻi a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻole ʻana i ka ʻaila. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻia o nā ake māmā ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana a, no laila, hiki i ka toad ke hoʻomanawanui a hiki i ka 50 pākēneka o ka nalo ʻana o ka wai mai ke kino. ʻAʻole kūkulu ʻo Agi toads i nā hale no lākou iho, akā i kēlā me kēia manawa ke ʻike lākou i kahi mea hou - i nā ana, nā lua lāʻau, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia o nā koʻokoʻo, a pēlā aku. I ke ao, noho lākou ma ka hale, a i ka pō e huli holoholona lākou.
He aha ka ʻai a ka toad?
Kiʻi: Pōʻino weliweli yeah
ʻAno ʻokoʻa nā toads Agi i ko lākou omnivorous. ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau nā spider, crustacean, nā ʻano lele like ʻole a lele nā ʻāina, me nā nalo ʻino a me nā nalo, nā centipedes, nā ʻāpala, nā ʻūhini, nā nīnū a me nā naonao.
Akā hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā vertebrates a me nā māmela paha:
- nā rana liʻiliʻi a me nā toads;
- nāʻiole a me nā meheu ʻē aʻe;
- nahesa, me nā mea ʻawaʻawa;
- nā moʻo;
- manu a me nā hua manu, nā amphibians, nā mea kolo;
- kalai a hōʻole;
- pāpaʻi, jellyfish, cephalopods;
- i kekahi manawa hiki i ka toads ke ʻai i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kā lākou laha. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka kanibalism ma waena o nā toads.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke kāohi i ka nui o nā meaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke nahu i nā meaʻai i nā ʻāpana - ale mau lākou āpau. No laila, i kekahi manawa e loaʻa nā toads make me ka hapalua o ka nahesa i loko o ka ʻōpū a ʻo ka hapalua ʻē aʻe i waho; ʻūpī wale ka toads, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai i kahi pio nui.
ʻAi nā cubes toad i nā ilo liʻiliʻi a me nā crustacea, daphnia, cyclops a me nā mea kanu mea kanu. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā keiki ʻē aʻe, liʻiliʻi. Mālama ʻia ka toʻu agu i kekahi manawa he holoholona. I kēia hihia, hānai ʻia ia i kahi ala kaulike i hiki i ke toad ke ola i kahi ola lōʻihi a olakino hoʻi.
ʻO ka papaʻai pū kekahi:
- nā mea kolo protein - nā ʻalekiko, nā ʻūhini, nā larvae;
- ʻiole pēpē make, hamsters. Hiki paha iā lākou ke pubescent;
- hānai hoʻopihapiha me nā wikamina, keu hoʻi ka kalipuna;
- lele nā hua a me nā worworm liʻiliʻi no ka ulu ʻana i nā toads.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻAno nui
Toad yeah, e like me nā pēpē ʻē aʻe - amphibian nocturnal. I ke ao, nānā ʻo ia no ka mea pio, a ʻoiai ʻo ia e ʻai ʻaneʻane i nā mea āpau e komo i loko o kāna waha, ʻaʻohe ona pilikia me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka puʻuhonua o ke toad aga he lua, puka, ʻāwaha a kaumaha paha e peʻe ai a puni ka lā.
ʻAe e ka hunts. Hūnā ia i ka mauʻu a i ʻole nā merges me ke one a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili, hoʻoʻalili a kali no kahi mea e ʻai ʻia e ʻike ʻia i ka lewa kokoke. Hopu ʻo ia i ka mea pio ma ke ala like me nā pēpē ʻē aʻe - hoʻolei i kahi alelo lōʻihi. Hoʻopili kahi pepelu a holoholona liʻiliʻi paha i ke alelo a loaʻa koke iā ia iho i ka waha o kahi toad omnivorous.
Inā hālāwai ka toad i kahi predator nui, lawe ia i kahi kūlana pale. No ka pale ʻana, ʻimi ʻo ia e pehu i ka nui e hiki ai i ka nui, ke hoʻopiha nei i kāna ʻeke umauma me ka ea, a ala pū hoʻi i nā wāwae i kīnā ʻia. Inā ʻaʻohe mea makaʻu, ke ʻike nei i kahi toad nui, ʻaʻole e makaʻu a holo ʻole, a laila mākaukau e hoʻohana i kāna lāʻau make.
Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā glands ʻino i ka ʻenemi, hōʻemi koke ʻo ia iā lākou, me ke kī ʻana i ka lāʻau make ma kahi mamao iki. ʻO kēlā ʻano kī ʻana i kekahi manawa hiki i hoʻokahi mika - ua lawa kēia e pā i ka mea ʻaihue. Inā hiki i ka membrane mucous o ka maka, hiki i ka lāʻau make ke makapō i kekahi holoholona nui, a pepehi pū kekahi i kahi mea liʻiliʻi. Ke hūnā ke aga i ka lāʻau make, uhi ʻia ke kua i ka wai mānoanoa a keʻokeʻo hoʻi, a loaʻa pū kekahi kaona ʻona.
ʻAʻole maopopo iā Aga pehea e alualu ai i ka mea pio a neʻe i nā lele liʻiliʻi, a ma ke kulu liʻiliʻi o ka mahana e lethargic a neʻe wale inā pono. I ka wā maloʻo, makemake nā pēpē agi i ka noho i loko o nā hale pulu - i kēia wā ua pōloli lākou a prone i ka kanibalism. I kekahi manawa hiki i ke toad ke kanu iā ia iho i ka lepo momona e omo i ka wai - no laila e kī wale ka piko o ke poʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Toads molt, a ʻaʻole ia he ʻokoʻa. Piʻi ʻo ia i kāna wahi hūnā, hoʻāhu a kali i ka ʻili ma kona kua i poha. A laila hoʻomaka ka ʻili iho e neʻe mai ke kino a ke poʻo, a laila ʻai ka toad iā ia iho.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Toad yeah
Noho kaʻawale ka Agi toads, akā hiki ke mālama i nā hui liʻiliʻi; 3-4 mau kānaka o kēlā me kēia moekolohe i kekahi manawa e noho i loko o hoʻokahi lua - ʻo kēia ka mea e paʻa ai ka momona i ka momona. Akā i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka maloʻo, makemake lākou e mahele i ka ʻāina. Ma ka laulā, ʻo ka panalāʻau o hoʻokahi toad aga ma kahi o 32 mika mika, ʻoiai hiki ke piʻi i 2-3 tausani mau mika. ʻAʻole lākou e pale i ko lākou mau palena a keʻa manuahi i nā malihini.
ʻAʻohe o ke kau palena manawa o ke kau male: ʻo ka mea nui ka wela o ka wai ma luna o 25 kekelē Celsius. Hoʻomaka ka uē nui ʻana o nā kāne me ke kono ʻana, a hiki i kēia uē ke hoʻomau no kekahi mau lā. I kekahi manawa poina lākou i ka meaʻai, kahi e hoʻokahe nui iā lākou.
Hele mai ka wahine i ke kāne i ka pō. ʻAʻohe pāʻani pāʻani, koe wale no ka hīmeni ʻana, i hoʻolako ʻia no nā pēpē, no laila ke wikiwiki nei ke kaʻina hana: hoʻokuʻu ka wahine i nā hua, a hoʻomomona ke kāne iā ia. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke kāne, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka wahine, hiki ke noho ma luna ona no kekahi mau lā a hiki i kona hoʻomaka ʻana e hānau.
I hoʻokahi kau, hiki i ke kanaka makua ke moe mai 8 a 35 tausani mau hua, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e momona. I kekahi manawa ʻai ka wahine a kāne ponoʻī i ka hapa nui o lākou. Hiki ke hoʻouluulu ʻia kahi wahine e kekahi mau kāne. Hoʻopili ʻo Caviar i nā puʻupuʻu a pili i nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau kokoke i ka wai, a ma hope e nānā ʻole ke kāne a me ka wahine i nā keiki e hiki mai ana.
Nā mea hoihoi: i nā wahi anilā mehana, hiki i nā wahine ke lūlū i nā manawa he nui i ka makahiki.
Hoʻomoʻa nā hua i 24-72 mau hola. Hiki i nā Tadpoles ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke ola maoli o nā toads i ka nahelehele. Ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana i ka home, hiki iā lākou ke ola a 10-13 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka toad aga
Kiʻi: Toad poisonous yeah
Nui nā ʻenemi o ke toad aga, ʻoiai pale ʻia ia.
ʻO nā predators nui e ʻimi i nā toads:
- nā crocodile waena - ʻumeʻume ʻia lākou e ka nui o ka toad aha, eia kekahi, pale lākou i kāna lāʻau make. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻahaʻaina nā crocodiles pēpē ma ka toad;
- ʻulaʻula;
- wai a me nāʻiole ʻāina;
- ʻalalā;
- ʻo nā herona, nā ʻūhū, nā manu ʻino hoʻi i pale ʻole i ka hona toad;
- ʻAi nā nimona dragonfly i nā kuhū o ke toad aga, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻawahia;
- ʻimi pū nā nalo wai hoʻi i nā ʻūhā;
- honu;
- nahesa nehu ole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻAʻole nā mea ʻaihue āpau e makemake e ʻahaʻaina i ke aga toad e ola i kahi hoʻokuʻi me kēia amphibian. Pale aku ka toad iā ia iho me ke kōkua o nā ʻawahia ʻino, a i kekahi manawa hoʻouka ka mea kūpaka iā ia e lilo i mea hōʻeha a me nā meaʻai na ka toad iho.
ʻO ke kumu, ʻai wale nā mea hōlua i ke alelo o ka toad ma muli o kāna waiwai kūpono, a hoʻoweliweli ke kino make iā lākou me kona ʻala. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻeli maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka ʻili paʻakikī e nā mea ʻai nui he nui, a ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke nahu ma o ia mea. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻōpū o kahi toad, ʻoiai palupalu a pale ʻole ʻia e nā warts keratinized, akā ʻona nā mea o loko, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hōʻaiʻē ke loaʻa i kēia ala.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pōʻino weliweli yeah
Mahalo i ko lākou ʻona, ka nui a me kā lākou ʻano hana pale, ʻaʻole i hele a kokoke e nalowale nā pēpē agi. Hoʻohua manuahi lākou a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā wahi he nui o ka honua. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana hou ʻana o ka beetle reed, i ʻai i nā mea kanu, i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Australia, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻolauna i nā pēpē ma laila.
Kūpono maikaʻi ka toad me ka beetle reed a hānai maikaʻi ʻia ma Australia. Akā ʻaʻole mākaukau nā mea ʻino o Australia e kū i ke aga, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano pale e pale aku ai i ka lāʻau make. No laila, ua lilo ka puaʻa hānau i mea pōʻino maoli no ka Austrian fauna: ua make nā holoholona i makemake e ʻai me ka toad ma muli o kāna lāʻau make. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻomaka ka luku nui ʻana o nā toads a me ka lawe ʻana aku o kēlā me kēia kanaka mai Australia mai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: e hoʻokomo i ke kūpaʻa i ka lāʻau make i loko o nā mea ʻaihue o ʻAukekulelia, hoʻopuehu nā ʻepekema i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo me nā kaha liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻauʻawa aga toad na lākou. Kuha aku nei nā holoholona i nā mea ʻona a hoʻomohala paha i ka lāʻau make.
Ua lawe mau ʻo Agi i ka mea nui i waena o nā lāhui like ʻole o ka honua. ʻO kahi laʻana, hamo ʻia e nā Indians ʻAmelika Hema nā poʻo pua kī me ka lāʻau ʻino. Ua hoʻohana nā ʻohana Maya i ka ʻawahia o kēia mau toads ma ke kumu no nā lāʻau. I ka makahiki 2008, ua ʻike ʻia ka make ʻana o ka lāʻau make o ke aga toad i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. A hiki i kēia manawa, ke mālama ʻia nei nā noiʻi e pili ana i kēia pilikia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hopena: luku maoli ka lāʻau make i nā hunaola maʻi ʻino o nāʻiole hoʻokolohua, akā make pū nā ʻiole me lākou.
ʻO Aga toads kahi ʻano laha loa, no laila ʻaʻole i lilo i ka luku loa ʻia kā lākou heluna kanaka. Kākoʻo ka nui i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau toads ma ka home.Toad aha - kahi amphibian kūʻokoʻa i hana nui i ka ola o nā kānaka. Hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole a ʻo ia kekahi o nā lālā hoihoi o kona ʻohana.
Lā paʻi: 11.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 21:58
