Hoʻopuni ʻia mākou e nā mea kolo hoihoi e like me, kahi i noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e puʻupuʻu... He helehelena ʻālohilohi loa ko kēia mau mea, he nui kona nui, a he poʻe hahai holoholona maikaʻi loa lākou no nā mea ʻino liʻiliʻi. I ke kanaka, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā pepeiaohao i ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻeha me ka ʻeha, a ʻo kā lākou lāʻau make i nā nui he nui a hiki i ka make. Eia nō naʻe, halihali nui nā holoholona i nā hihia kūikawā wale nō, hiki i kahi lāʻau make ke loaʻa wale me nā nahu he nui. ʻO ke koena o ka nīnū he mea ʻenemi hoihoi loa ia. He mea kūpono ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ia!
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Hornet
ʻO kahi peʻā nui, ʻo ka lele pū me ia me kahi leo nui, he pūwi. He lunamakaʻāinana nui ʻo ia no ka ʻohana o nā nīnē kaiāulu, i kapa mau ʻia ʻo ka ʻūpā hū. I ka Latin, ua like ka inoa o ka lāʻano me "Vespa". Unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo Lūkini e ka huaʻōlelo "wasp". I ka wā mua, hāʻawi ʻia nā nīna kaiāulu āpau i ka genes Vespa. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua hanauna. ʻO Vornes mau ka Hornets a ʻo Vespula ka nalo holoi.
Video: Hornet
ʻO ke kumu o ka inoa Lūkia "hornet" ʻaʻole i emi iki ka hoihoi. ʻO ke kumu o kēia huaʻōlelo, ma ke ʻano, he poʻo, nā kiwi. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka wasp hornet ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o ke ʻano o ke poʻo. Loaʻa i ka holoholona kahi pāpale aliʻi, nā antennas hoʻoneʻe.
I kēia lā, ma kahi o iwakālua mau ʻano o nā nīnū pepe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Vespa mandarinia ma ke ʻano he nui loa. Hiki i ka makua Vespa mandarinia a i ʻelima a me ka hapalua kenimika ka lōʻihi.
Ma waena o nā ʻano lipine, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa i nā mea hoihoi loa o lākou.
- ʻōpuʻu ʻeleʻele. He mea liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia, ʻano laha ʻole o nā nalo kaiāulu. Helu ʻia ia i ka Red Book no ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano predator kala - nā kaha melemele ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele;
- ʻAsiatic. ʻO nā ʻano nui, he ʻēheu nui. Noho ma ka moku ʻĀkia. Hāpai ia i kahi weliweli i nā kānaka. Pāʻona nui kāna nahu;
- Pilipine. ʻOkoʻa i ke kala ʻeleʻele paʻa, hoʻopuka i kahi lāʻau make weliweli. Noho wale ma nā mokupuni Pilipino;
- Hikina. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o ka genus, loaʻa iā ia nā kala ʻōniʻoniʻo. Ua hoʻonani ʻia kona ʻōpū me kahi kaha melemele ākea, pena ʻia ke kino a me nā ʻeheu i ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻAe ka lāhui i ka wela, ola i nā steppe a i nā wao akua hoʻi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻenekia Hornet
ʻO ka nui awelika o kēia mau mea kolo he 1.8 a 3.5 sentimita. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻelima a me ka hapalua kenimika. ʻOkoʻa nā Hornets mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ko lākou ʻohana. He nui aku ko lākou, hoʻonui i nā nui o ke poʻo, a me ka pāpale aliʻi ākea. He maka a maʻalahi ko kēia mau mea kolo. Pili ke kala i ke ʻano o ka pepeiaohao. Hiki iā ia ke ʻalani, ʻulaʻula me ka tint brown, ʻeleʻele, melemele.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mākua e nā mandibles nui a ikaika. He melemele lākou, brown a ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke poʻo o ka pepeke he antennae ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Pili kā lākou helu i ka wahine. Ua poepoe ka ʻōpū o kēlā ʻāpana, me kahi pūhaka i maopopo leʻa. Aia kahi ʻū ma ka hope o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke kuʻi, inā mālie ka puʻu, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Huki ʻia i loko o ke kino. Aia kekahi waihona kūikawā i ka hoʻomaka o ka nahu. Loaʻa iā ia ka lāʻau make.
Hiki i nā nalo ʻo Hornet ke ʻū pinepine. Pāleʻa kā lākou ʻono, pololei. ʻAʻohe ona ʻūlū, ʻokoʻa ka bee. No kēia kumu, ke ʻūlū, ʻaʻole hana ʻino ka holoholona iā ia iho.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino o kēia ʻano ʻāpā e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - i ka hapanui o nā hornets ʻeleʻele a melemele ia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka ʻoki iki ʻana o nā kaha. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa loa ke kala i ko lākou ʻohana. ʻO kahi laʻana, he kino ko ka hornet alternating me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kekahi mau nalo nīnū pepeiao kahi laulā melemele a keʻokeʻo paha ma ko lākou ʻōpū. Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka hulu liʻiliʻi. Kūleʻa lākou a ʻano like ʻole i ka nui. ʻEkolu mau paʻa wāwae o Hornets i kēia manawa. He ʻeleʻele a melemele paha lākou.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pepeiaohao?
Kiʻi: Nani ʻĀkia
Hoʻolahalaha nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau. Pili loa ko lākou wahi i nā ʻano o ka laha. No laila, ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa ka kaulana o ka ʻohe. ʻO kēia wale nō ka lāhui e noho nei i nā helu he nui ma Ukraine, Russia, ʻAmelika Hema. Ma Rūsia, ʻo kēlā ʻāpā kahi mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina. Ma ka'ākau'ākau, ʻaʻole e loaʻa. Eia kekahi, ke noho nei ka pepeiaohao maʻamau i Iapana, Kōlea, Kina. Hiki ke loaʻa nā lehulehu liʻiliʻi o ka holoholona ma Mongolia, Kazakhstan.
ʻAʻole ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau kahi noho maoli o ka hornet maʻamau. ʻAkahi nō a lawe hewa ʻia mai ka mea kolo i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa.
I ka hapa nui o ʻAsia, i ka Iudaio Kūʻē Kūʻāina, ma nā Teritori ʻo Primorsky a me Khabarovsk, ke ola nei ka nūnē ʻAsia. Nui kona nui, ma Iapana ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻenekini "manu liʻiliʻi". Ma nā wahi tropical ʻo ʻAsia, e like me Palani a me Sepania, he mea maʻamau nā nīnū predatory Asia. Kūkulu lākou i ko lākou "hale" ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau, hānai a hānai ʻana i nā pi.
Koho ka nīnū ʻāpana hikina i nā wahi subtropical semi-dry no ka noho ʻana. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, ʻItalia, Romania, Greece, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Ma nā panalāʻau nui o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ʻewalu mau ʻano o nā pepeiaohao. Noho ʻia kahi hornet ma ka hikina ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina. Noho nā ʻano ʻelala ʻeono ʻē aʻe i ka hema o ka Hikina hikina.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka pepeiaohao?
Kiʻi: Hornet i ka lele ʻana
He mea kupaianaha ka pepeiaohao. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. I ka hapanui o nā ʻano o ia mau nalo, ʻo ka papaʻai nā huahana i kamaʻāina i ka ʻohana: nectar, kanu i nā meaʻai me kahi kō kō. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou i nā hua pala, kokoke i ka meli, ma nā kumulāʻau, mai ka ʻili e kahe ana ka kohu. Lele mau nā Hornets i nā māla. Ma laila lākou e ʻai ai i nā hua momona momona. I kēia manawa hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻūlū i kahi kanaka i hiki i ka hua.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻono momona, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu mea kanu hiki ke māʻona piha i nā pono o nā meaola o ka hornets, hiki i kēia mau mea kolo ke lilo i poʻe ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi loa. Pepehi lākou i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe me nā ā āpana ikaika a me nā ʻū. ʻO nā ʻūhini, nā ʻano nīnū, nā pi, nā ʻūhini, nā peʻe, a me nā nananana i lilo i mau mea i hōʻino ʻia no lākou. Hiki i nā ʻano manu ʻaihue i ko lākou ola ke luku ma kahi o ʻelima mau haneli kolone o nā nalo, nalo.
ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa ka pīhoihoi ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pepeiaohao iā lākou iho i hoʻohana iki ʻole i nā pepelu i pepehi ʻia no kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. Māmā maikaʻi ka holoholona i kāna mea pio a hiki i ka lōkahi o ke kau ʻana. Lawe nā mākua i kēia kau i nā pūnana a hāʻawi iā ia i nā lū liʻiliʻi. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hele ʻana o nā mea pests liʻiliʻi i nā larvae no ka meaʻai, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka hornet he pepeke maikaʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula ʻo Hornet
Alakaʻi nā pune Hornet i kahi nohona nohona. Hoʻopili lākou i nā holoholona, kūkulu i nā pūnana. Hiki i ka helu o hoʻokahi ʻohana ke hōʻea i nā haneli mau kānaka. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā pūnana o Hornets e ka lokomaikaʻi kūikawā a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea kolo i waena o nā mea kūkulu hale ʻoi loa. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka pūnana ka wahine mau i pakele i ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana, hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻimi i kahi kūpono. ʻO ka maʻa mau kēia wahi he puha i haʻalele ʻia i loko o kahi kumulāʻau, kahi keʻena o kahi hale noho, kahi māwae i ka pōhaku.
Hoʻomaka ka wahine e kūkulu i kahi pūnana mai ka lāʻau popopo, ka ʻili kahiko. I kēia pūnana, hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna kolone. Lilo ka hānau mua o ka wahine i mau ʻūlū hana. Lawe lākou i nā kuleana āpau no ke kūkulu ʻana, pale hale ʻana, a me ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Hoʻolilo nā hornets hana i ka lā holoʻokoʻa e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai: nectar, nā mea kanu, nā ʻelima liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nohona o nā hornets i ke ao.
He pae kiʻekiʻe loa kēia o nā mea kolo. Hiki i nā lālā o ka genus ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia. Hana lākou i kēia ma ka pilau a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mākua.
ʻAʻole kūlike ke ʻano o nā pepeiaohao, ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki. ʻAʻole lākou e hele i loko o kahi ʻōmole jam, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou alo a puni kahi pāʻina me nā mea momona a me nā huaʻai. Makemake ʻo Hornets i ka hōʻalo i ke kaiāulu kanaka, ʻoiai lākou kūkulu mau i nā pūnana i nā keʻena o nā hale noho. ʻOiai kēia, ʻaʻole nui iki ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka pepeiaʻo i nā kānaka. A ʻaʻole maʻa mau ka nahu e like me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Kūpono nā hopena maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hapa nui o ka histamine i loko o ka onaona o kēia mau mea kolo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Hornet
ʻO nā pepelu ʻo Hornet nā mea kolo hua nui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole momona nā wahine a pau. Hiki i ka kōpū ke hoʻohua i nā keiki. Nui lākou i ka nui. ʻO nā wahine i lilo i hoʻokumu o ka ʻohana hornet, hoʻomaka lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana i hale (pūnana). Ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, ʻo ka pūpū, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela mua, ke ʻimi nei i kahi wahi palekana, ʻoluʻolu hoʻi e kūkulu hale. Hoʻomoe ʻo ia i kāna mau hua ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā haneli mua.
Eia hou, ʻo kāna hana me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki e hiki mai ana. Lawe ʻia kekahi manawa no ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ʻia nā larvae mai iā lākou, a laila nā mākua. Ke lilo nā lālā hou o ke kaiāulu e like me nā pepeiaohao makua, lawe lākou i nā kuleana āpau a ko lākou makua. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻōpū i ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, a me nā nalo e hana ana - e kiʻi i ka meaʻai, kiaʻi i ka hale, hoʻopau i ke kūkulu ʻana, e kiaʻi i nā ʻoki.
Ma hope o ʻehā mau pule, ʻike ʻia nā pepeiaohao hou mai nā larvae. Pepehi pinepine lākou i ka uterus ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻohua hou i nā keiki. Kipaku wale kekahi kanaka iā ia mai ka pūnana. ʻAʻole ola lōʻihi nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus e noho nei i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa. He mau mahina wale nō ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka uterus wale nō kahi lōʻihi o ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻohoihoi i hoʻomaha ʻia.
Hiki i nā Hornets ke hāʻawi i kahi rebuff maikaʻi i ko lākou ʻenemi me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. No ko lākou pale ponoʻī, ʻike lākou i ka hoʻoneʻe koke ʻana i nā pūʻali. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hoʻokuʻu kēia holoholona i kahi pheromone alarm. Inā ʻike ʻia kēlā hōʻailona e kona ʻohana, a laila makaʻu loa ka mea hoʻouka.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pūwi
Kiʻi: ʻenekia Hornet
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā Hornets. Pili kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka maluhia o kēia mau mea kolo. Makemake lākou e heʻe i ka ʻenemi. Ma ka pale ʻana iā ia iho hiki i kahi pūliki ke hōʻoia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he hahai holoholona maoli. ʻOi aku ka huhū o kēlā mau holoholona inā ʻiʻini kekahi i kāna pūnana, keiki, uterus. Eia kekahi, ua wehewehe ʻia kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e ka onaona o nā nīnū pepeiaohao, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou kala ʻōlinolino. Hoʻāʻo nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hōʻalo i nā ʻano kolo.
Hiki ke kākau ʻia kahi mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pepeiaohao.
- nā parasites liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā neematodes, nā holo lio, nā kikiki mālie akā pepehi maoli nō i nā pepeiaohao nui, hoʻonāwaliwali loa i ko lākou olakino;
- kekahi ʻano manu. ʻO nā ʻano manu wale nō ka hiki ke alualu i nā lunamaka o nā nalo kaiāulu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu e ale wale iā lākou āpau, e pale ana i ka ʻūpala mai ka wī ʻana iā ia iho;
- fungi. Hiki i ka fungus ke kupu i loko o ka pepeiaohao i ke poʻo, alakaʻi iā ia i ka make ʻeha a lōʻihi hoʻi;
- nā pepelu ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke luku ʻia nā Hornets e nā nīnī nui, nā popoki. ʻAno pinepine nā Ants i nā lihi insect;
- o ka poʻe. ʻOiai nā pōmaikaʻi, manaʻo ʻia nā pepeiaohao he pests. Noho lākou i nā hale noho, weliweli loa i ke olakino a me ke ola o ke kanaka, a hoʻopōʻino nui i nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio. No kēia kumu, luku pinepine ʻia nā pūnana pūnana e nā kānaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: holoholona Hornet
Ua lawa ka laulā o ka genus. Aia i loko o iwakālua mau ʻano ʻenekini like ʻole, ʻokoʻa i ke kala, ka nui, kaʻai a me ka nohona. Ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau laha, ka momona kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
ʻAʻole hopohopo ka lehulehu o nā hornets i nā ʻepekema. He mea maʻamau ia, ʻo ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi, a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka make ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka heluna kanaka o nā nīnū pepe i ka pōʻaiapili o kēlā me kēia lāhui, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoluʻolu. Aia nā ʻano he nui ma ke kapakai o ka make a helu ʻia i loko o nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula o nā mokuʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale. Aia nā kumu like ʻole ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ia mau holoholona, i hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana aʻe o ka paʻi.
Hoʻopili pū nā ʻano mea ʻaneʻane i ka wana i ka pū. ʻO kona heluna kanaka i nā wahi like ʻole o kona wahi maoli. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka moku ʻo Smolensk. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi lunamakaʻāinana liʻiliʻi o ka genus hornet ʻo ka Dybowski hornet (ʻeleʻele). Loaʻa iā ia ka awelika o ka nui o nā hornets, he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kala, a he predator. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele i ka Buke ʻula o ka moku Chita. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā pepeiaohao i loko o nā Red Data Books o Kelemania a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he nui ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa.
Pale aku ʻo Hornet
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula ʻo Hornet
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, i ka laulā, ʻaʻole makaʻu ka ʻano o nā nīnū pepeia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka o kēia genus, no ka momona o nā wahine ka hapanui. Eia nō naʻe, ke nalowale nei kekahi ʻano o nā pūlaka i kā lākou helu, ʻike nui ʻia kēia ma kekahi mau wahi o ko lākou wahi maoli.
Hoʻopili ʻia kēia e nā mea aʻe:
- pōkole ke ola. Noho wale nā mākua no kekahi mau mahina. Hiki i nā mōʻī wahine ke noho ola ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. Hāʻawe lākou iā ia;
- ka hopena o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Luku ʻia nā kolone nui o nā hornets e nā poʻe, kekahi o nā holoholona predatory, nā ants, a me nā manu. ʻO ka pōʻino ʻoi loa, ka poʻe. Ua luku lākou me ka manaʻo ʻole i nā pūnana hihi holoʻokoʻa ma muli o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia mau mea kolo;
- wao nahele ikaika. Noho pinepine nā nalo ʻo Hornet i nā ulu lāʻau, kūkulu i ko lākou pūnana ma nā lālā lāʻau. Ma ke kua ʻana i ka wahie, hoʻonele ka poʻe i kēia mau ʻano ʻino o ka malu ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo, ka manawa kūpono e hana hou, e ʻai i ka kohu o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio;
- ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau, nā hua, nā mea kanu me nā pesticides like ʻole. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i nā lehulehu o nā holoholona āpau, e like me nā mea kolo. ʻO ka mālama nui ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻino e alakaʻi i ka make o nā pepeiaohao.
Hornet ʻo ia ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka ʻohana nui o nā nīnē. He ʻano maluhia kēia o nā mea kolo, ʻoiai kona ʻona kiʻekiʻe. I nā manawa ʻokoʻa wale nō e hōʻike ai nā hornets i ka hakakā. He mea kūkulu maikaʻi nā Hornets, he hana limahana hana nui e lawe mai i nā pono he nui i nā kānaka, e luku nei i kahi nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Ka lā paʻi: 02.05.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 23:41
