Nila nila a i ʻole ka nila (lat. Syngnathidae) he ʻohana e pili pū me nā iʻa iʻa a me nā iʻa wai hou. ʻO ka inoa ʻohana mai ka Greek, σύν (syn), ʻo ia hoʻi "pu," a me γνάθος (gnathos), ʻo ia hoʻi "jaw." ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka iwi ā fused ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: nila kuʻi
Aia nā ʻohana i nā ʻano iʻa he 298 na 57 keke. Pili pololei kekahi mau ʻano 54 i ka iʻa nila. ʻO ke kui kele kaula huelo noho kai (Amphelikturus dendriticus), kū i ka Bahamas, kahi ʻano waena ma waena o nā skates a me nā nila.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e:
- fuse hapa ʻāpana bursa;
- huelo prehensile, e like me nā skates;
- aia kahi pahu caudal e like me nā nila o ke kai;
- pelu iki ka waha i lalo, ma ke kihi o 45 ° e pili ana i ke kino.
Hoʻololi ka nui o nā mākua ma waena o 2.5 / 90 cm. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e kahi kino elongated nui. He stigma tubular ko ke poʻo. Lōʻihi ka huelo, a lawelawe pinepine ia ma ke ʻano he heleuma, me ke kōkua o nā ʻelele o ka laha e hoʻopili i nā mea like ʻole a me nā limu. Liʻiliʻi a nalowale ʻole paha ka pūlima caudal.
He mea hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana mua ʻia ka inoa ʻo "needlefish" no nā heluna o ʻEulopa a ma hope wale nō ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā iʻa ʻAmelika Hema e nā poʻe noho ʻEulopa i ka 18 kenekulia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: nila o ke kai
Hiki i nā nila o ka moana ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana o ka nohona kūwaho a hoʻololi i ko lākou kala, e hoʻomaʻa i ka ʻāina kūwaho. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi palette lauwili a lauwili loa o nā kala: ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, brown, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, poni, hina + he nui nā hui ʻike ʻia. I kekahi mau laha, hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka mimicry. Ke hoʻoluli iki lākou i loko o ka wai, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai nā limu.
Video: Needle Iʻa
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi ʻano e nā pā pale kaua manoanoa e uhi ana i ko lākou mau kino. Paʻakiki ka pale kaua i ko lākou mau kino, no laila ʻauʻau lākou, hoʻomāhuahua koke i ko lākou mau lola. No laila, lohi lākou i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, akā hiki iā lākou ke kaohi i kā lākou neʻe me ka pololei loa, e like me ke kau ʻana ma kahi no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻIke! Aia kekahi mau nila kai hulu ʻole ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻohe ona palepaʻi a noho i nā ʻāpana koʻa, e komo ana i 30 cm i ke one kōhue.
Ma hea e noho ai ka iʻa nila?
Kiʻi: kui kuʻi iʻa kai ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka nila ka ʻohana ākea o nā iʻa i loaʻa a puni ka honua. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano i nā pākako, nā moana ākea, a me nā wai pāpaʻu a me nā wai hou. Loaʻa lākou i nā kai mehana a me nā kai pāheona a puni ka honua. Noho ka hapa nui o nā laha i nā wai kai papau, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe noho kai ākea. Aia he 5 mau ʻano i ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
Pili nui nā nila i nā wahi kai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ke kai kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kekahi genera nā ʻano i loaʻa i loko o ke kai, nā paʻalā a me nā wahi wai kai, ʻoiai kekahi mau ʻohana e hoʻopili ʻia i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, me Belonion, Potamorrafis, a me Xenenthodon.
ʻAno like ke kui kele me ka iʻa wai wai ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ʻohana Lepisosteidae) i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou, me nā ʻāʻī loloa a ʻiki hoʻi i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā niho ʻoi, a ʻo kekahi ʻano o nā nila ka iʻa i kapa ʻia he lilelile akā pili loa i nā kāne maoli.
He aha ka ʻai a ka iʻa nila?
Kiʻi: nila kuʻi iʻa i ka aquarium
ʻAʻau lākou kokoke i ka papahele a hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, cephalopods a me nā crustacea, ʻoiai hiki i ka ʻai ke ʻai i ka plankton. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kula liʻiliʻi o nā nila, ʻoiai pale nā kāne i ka wahi a puni lākou ʻoiai e hānai ana. He ʻaihue wikiwiki loa ke kui kele e ʻimi me kona poʻo i hoʻokuli ʻia i luna e hahau i ka mea pio me kāna mau niho ʻoi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa! ʻAʻohe ʻōpū o ka nila. Ma kahi o kā lākou ʻōnaehana digestive hūnā i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia trypsin e wāwahi i ka meaʻai.
Loaʻa i nā nila o ka moana a me nā skates kahi ʻano hanaʻai hānai ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka ikehu mai ka hōʻemi ʻana o ko lākou mau epaxial, a laila lākou e hoʻokuʻu ai. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ke poʻo, wikiwiki i ko lākou waha i ka mea pio i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Me kāna puʻupuʻu tubular, huki ke nila i kahi pio ma kahi mamao o 4 cm.
I ka palai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka iwi ā luna ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa. I ka wā ʻōpio, paʻa ʻole ka iwi luna o luna, a no laila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻōpio ke ʻimi a makua. I kēia manawa, hānai lākou i ka plankton a me nā meaola kai liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka iwi ā luna, hoʻololi ka iʻa i kā lākou papaʻai a hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, cephalopods a me nā crustaceans.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: nila kuʻi
ʻAʻole ʻo Needle ka iʻa nui loa o ke kai a ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi loa, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua koi ʻia i kekahi mau ola.
He mea hoihoi! Hiki i ke kui kele ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki o 60 km / h a lele i waho o ka wai ma kahi mamao loa. Lele pinepine lākou ma luna o nā moku liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ka ʻauʻau ʻana ma lalo o lākou.
Ma muli o ka lana o nā nila i ka ʻili, lele pinepine lākou a puni nā kāʻei o nā waʻa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pōʻai. Hoʻonui ʻia ka hana lele e ka mālamalama ʻino i ka pō. Ua hōʻeha ʻia nā lawaiʻa Nocturnal a me nā poʻe ʻālua o ka Pākīpika e nā ʻāpana o nā nila kuikui koke e ʻimi nei i ke kumu kukui me ka wikiwiki. Hiki i ko lākou nuku ʻoi ke hoʻoili i nā ʻeha hohonu hohonu. No ka nui o nā kaiāulu o ka Pākīpika, ka poʻe iʻa nui ma nā pali i nā waʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha ma mua o ka manō.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻelua mau make i ka nila i ka wā i hala. ʻO ka mea mua i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1977, i ka manawa i make ai kahi keikikāne Hawaiʻi he 10 ona makahiki me kona makuakāne i ka pō ma Hanamulu Bay i make ai i ka lele ʻana mai o kahi 1.0 a 1.2 mika ka loiloi mai ka wai a hou i kona maka, a ʻeha ka lolo. ʻO ka hihia ʻelua e pili ana i kahi keikikāne Vietnamese 16, nona ka makahiki 2007, he iʻa nunui o ke ʻano, i hou i kona puʻuwai me ka muz 15 kenimika i ka luʻu ʻana o ka pō ma kahi o Halong Bay.
Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā ʻeha a me / a i ʻole make mai ka nila kuʻina i nā makahiki i hala. Ua aneane make kahi luʻu ʻōpio ʻo Florida i ka lele ʻana o kahi iʻa mai ka wai a hou ʻia kona puʻuwai. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hōʻeha ʻeha ʻia ʻo Kramurfer Kelemania ʻo Wolfram Rainers i ka wāwae e kahi nila kokoke i ka Seychelles.
Mei 2013 Kitesurfer Ismail Hater i hou ʻia ma lalo pono o kona kuli i ka lele ʻana o kahi nila mai ka wai ʻoiai ke kitesurfing. I ka malama ʻo ʻOkakopa 2013, ua hōʻike pū ʻia kahi pūnaewele ma Saudi Arabia i ka make ʻana o kahi kanaka Saudi Arabiaian ʻole inoa ʻole ʻia i make i ka heʻe hemorrhage ma muli o kahi kuʻi kui kele ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o kona ʻāʻī.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua aneane make kahi mākaʻikaʻi Lūkini e kahi nila i nā wai kokoke i Nha Trang, Vietnam. Ua nahu ka iʻa i kona ʻāʻī a waiho i nā ʻāpana niho ma loko o kāna iwi kuamoʻo, e hōʻoki ana iā ia. I ke kakahiaka nui o Ianuali 2016, ua hōʻehaʻeha kahi wahine Indonesia he 39 mau makahiki mai Palu, Central Sulawesi i ka lele ʻana o kahi nila kuina he mika ka lōʻihi a hou iā ia ma luna pono o kona maka ʻākau. Ua ʻauʻau ʻo ia i loko o 80 cm ka hohonu o ka wai ma Tanjung Karang, kahi huakaʻi nui i makemake ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Donggal o Central Sulawesi. Ua make ʻo ia ma hope he mau hola ma hope, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻopakele iā ia ma kahi haukapila kūloko.
Ma hope iki mai, hoʻolaha ʻia nā kiʻi o kāna trauma weliweli ma o nā polokalamu leka koke, ʻoiai ua hōʻike pū kekahi mau pūnaewele nūhou i ka hanana, a ua kuhi hewa kekahi i ka hoʻouka iā marlin. I Kēkēmapa 2018, no ke kui kele ke kuleana no ka make ʻana o kahi cadet pūʻali koa Thai Navy. ʻO ke kiʻi Kepani ʻo All About Lily Chou-Chou he wahi pōkole e pili ana i nā nila a hōʻike i kahi kiʻi ola maoli mai kahi alakaʻi kūlohelohe i hou i kahi kanaka i mua o kona mau maka.
Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kino a kōpili liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka fin dorsal i mua o ka piko ma o ka hoʻomaka o ka fin anal. ʻŌmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke alo, keʻokeʻo ma lalo. ʻO kahi ʻāpana kālā me kahi lihi pouli e holo ana ma ka ʻaoʻao; kahi moʻo o ʻehā a ʻelima mau kiko (e hele ʻole ana i nā ʻōpio) ma nā ʻaoʻao ma waena o nā fector pectoral a me anal. ʻO nā fin dorsal a me nā anal me nā kihi ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nila o ke kai
Loaʻa i nā lālā o ka ʻohana kahi ʻano reproductive mode of reproduction, ka mea i kapa ʻia he kāne hāpai keiki. Hoʻomoe nā kāne i nā hua manu i nā kahu hānai no kekahi mau pule. Hana ʻia ka male ma ʻApelila a me Mei. ʻImi nā kāne i ka wahine a hoʻokūkū me nā kāne ʻē aʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna kāne.
I ka hapa nui o nā laha, hānau nā kāne i nā hua i ka "brood pouch". Aia kekahi ʻano o nā keʻena hānai paʻa ma ka ʻōpū i ka hiʻu o ke kino. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu i laila i nā ʻāpana kuhi. I kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻomomona ʻia nā hua.
ʻIke! Hānai ʻia nā hua i loko o nā kīʻaha koko o ke kāne.
Alualu ke kāne i kahi wahine e neʻe mālie ana, ke loaʻa iā ia, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e haʻalulu mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao a hiki i ke kūlike ʻana o ka lua. Lawe ke kāne i kahi kūlana poʻo poʻo i lalo, me ka fin anal i ʻōwili ʻia ma lalo o ka hāmama o ka wahine. Hoʻomaka ka haʻalulu o ka pālua a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o nā hua. Hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia wahine i kahi mau hua he ʻumi i kēlā me kēia lā.
I nā nila, kahi elongated "brood bag" he wahi lōʻihi lōʻihi me ʻelua mau pale ma nā ʻaoʻao. I nā ʻano he nui, pani paʻa loa kēia mau vaolo, a pēlā e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā embryos mai nā mana kūwaho. ʻO ka hapanui o nā lāhui e neʻe i ka wai papau no ka hānau ʻana. Ma laila lākou e hana ai a i 100 mau hua. Hatch nā hua ma hope o 10-15 mau lā, e hopena ana i ka nui o ka nila kui.
Ma hope o ka hatching, aia ka hua i loko o ka ʻeke no kekahi manawa. ʻO ke kāne, i mea e hoʻokuʻu ai iā lākou, pono e hoʻopaʻa i kona kua. Hūnā ke keiki i loko o ka ʻeke a ka makua, inā he weliweli, a me ka pouli. Ke nānā nei i ke kaʻina hana, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi hiki i ke kāne, i ka nele o ka meaʻai, ke ʻai i kāna mau hua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa nila
Kiʻi: nila kuʻi iʻa i ke kai
ʻO ko lākou kino lahilahi, nā iwi nāwaliwali a me ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau kokoke ʻana i ka papa e hoʻonāwaliwali loa iā lākou i nā mea ʻino.
No ka iʻa me ka nila, ʻaʻole wale ka iʻa a me nā māmala e ʻimi, akā ʻo nā manu pū kekahi:
- manō;
- nā ʻāpāpā;
- kohola kohola;
- nā sila;
- nā aeto;
- ʻalā;
- nā aeto gula;
- falcon.
A ʻaʻole kēia ka papa inoa holoʻokoʻa o nā mea hōkai e hōʻole i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana i nā iʻa nila.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: nila kuʻi
ʻAʻole pili ka lawaiʻa i ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha he nui nā iwi liʻiliʻi a uliuli ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala. Aia kahi mākeke liʻiliʻi no ia no ka mea ʻaʻole i makaʻi nā iwi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻiʻo e ʻai. Ke ulu pono nei ka nui o ka nila a ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka nila i lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli.
Ma kahi leka! I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia he kuleana ko nā ʻaihue ʻaihue no nā make ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau lākou i nā kānaka.
He nui nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa pō a me ka ʻike ʻole e hoʻoweliweli i kēia mea ola. ʻAno laha ʻole ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kānaka, akā hiki i ke kui kele ke hoʻopōʻino maʻalahi i nā lālā e like me nā maka, ka puʻuwai, nā ʻōpū a me nā māmā ke lele ia mai ka wai. Inā a nila kuikui hele mai i loko o ka hui me nā mea nui o kona ʻenemi, lilo ka make i mea hiki ʻole i ka mea hōʻeha.
Lā paʻi: 12.03.2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 20:54
