Pihi meli

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Kupaianaha a ʻano ʻē pihi meli hahau me kona kolohe a me ka wiwo ʻole i hiki ʻole, i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻohe ona palena. He holoholona kēia e haki i nā stereotypes a hoʻopau i nā kumu āpau. He kūlana ʻole ʻo ia, koa a moa ʻole hiki i kekahi ke lili iā ia. Ke loaʻa nei i kahi ʻano kaohi ʻole a makaʻu ʻole hoʻi, hiki i ka pelekikena meli ke hana i nā hana kolohe e hoʻopūʻiwa i nā poʻe āpau.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Honey Badger

No kēia ʻohana weasel kēia holoholona hoihoi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e koho i ka mea i aloha ʻia e ka meli badger ma mua o nā mea āpau. ʻOiaʻiʻo - ka meli! Mākaukau ʻo ia e hele i kahi lōʻihi no kēia mea ʻono launa ʻole.

Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou inoa nui, ua kapa ʻia ka inoa meli:

  • Pihi meli ʻĀnia;
  • ʻōhule ʻōhule;
  • ratel;
  • pihi meli;
  • bea ʻīlio.

Ma waho, he ʻano like ʻo ia, ʻelua me ka pihi a me ka wolverine, no ka ʻohana weasel like. Ma waena o kona ʻohana weasel, he lunamakaʻāinana nui ʻo ia. ʻO ka peʻahi meli he predator, stocky a ikaika. ʻEleʻele a keʻokeʻo kona kala. ʻOiai ma ke ʻano he 12 mau ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana meli, ʻokoʻa ʻole wale nō ma kahi o kā lākou puʻunaue ʻana, akā i ke kala o ko lākou kapa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Kongo, ʻeleʻele pinepine nā holoholona. Aia nā albino ma waena o nā mea ʻono meli. Ma ke ʻano laulā, me kona kala maʻamau, he ʻano like me ka skunk ka meli momona.

Ua loaʻa i kēia predator kupaianaha kona kaulana, ʻo ka mea mua, ma muli o kona ʻano koa wiwo ʻole. I kekahi manawa aia kekahi manaʻo e nalo loa ka mālama pono pilikino ʻana o ka meli badger, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hāʻawi i kahi mea e pili ana i kona ola ke hele ʻo ia i kahi hakakā me kahi moʻo nahesa a i ʻole ke aliʻi o nā holoholona. No kēlā ʻano koa wiwo ʻole, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka Guinness Book of Records ma ke ʻano he koa, koa a kipi hoʻi.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: Pihi meli holoholona

No nā mustelid, he lokomaikaʻi a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waihona meli a nui, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona kino i 80 cm. Mai poina e pili ana i ka huelo, nona ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 25 knm. Ke kaumaha nei nā kāne ma kahi o 12 kg, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - ma kahi o 9 cm. ʻO ke kino o ka meli badger me ko ka bea, he like ia me ka ikaika a me ka momona.

Hoʻolōʻihi iki ʻia ke kiʻi o ka holoholona, ​​a ākea nā wāwae a ʻūlū ʻia me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa o ka lou, ʻo kona lōʻihi i 5 cm. ʻAʻohe lauoho o ka wāwae o ka holoholona, ​​a hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā membrane liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO ka poho o nā wāwae he nui a lōʻihi hoʻi, a ua hohola iki nā manamana wāwae, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā forelegs.

Video: ʻO Honey Badger

ʻO ka ihu ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka pihi meli ke nānā iki aku. Hoʻohui ʻia nā maka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi me ke kāʻei pouli o ka hulu, kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā pepeiao, liʻiliʻi lākou ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou, akā ʻoiai ʻo kēia, maikaʻi loa ka lohe ʻana o ka meli ʻAʻole silky ke kapa huluhulu o ka holoholona, ​​ʻano maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi ia, ʻoiai ua hoʻopiha nui ʻia. I kekahi mau laha, ʻokoʻa paha kona lōʻihi, ʻaʻole pono kēia predator i ka fluffiness a me ka palupalu, kona ʻaʻahu huluhulu nui a me ka ʻili mānoanoa, e like me nā mea kaua, pale i ka ratel mai ka nalo ʻana i nā nalo, nā punawelewele, nā moʻo āpau, nā moʻo huelo ʻawa.

ʻO ke kala o ka pulu meli, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, he solemani ia, aia ʻo ia i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, aia nā holoholona me ke poʻo keʻokeʻo a hoʻi i luna, me he mea lā e komo ana lākou i ka ʻahuʻulu māmā me ka pale. Hoʻololi mālie ʻia ke kani keʻokeʻo e ka hina hina. ʻO kaʻaoʻao lalo o ka meli meliʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau kala he ikaika a ʻano ʻokoʻa loa.

ʻO kēlā kapa huluhulu e huki i ka maka mai kahi mamao. Lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a ʻōlelo aku he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho mamao ʻana mai kēlā me kēia meʻa predator. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha kekahi mau ʻano, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka lōʻihi o ka hulu.

He mānoanoa ke kumu o ka huelo luahine, a pōkole ka huelo iā ia a uhi paʻa ʻia me ka huluhulu, a kiko iki kona kihi. He huelo pōkole loa ko kekahi mau ʻano o nā kāhue meli, ʻoiai he huelo lōʻihi ko kekahi. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke komo ʻana i kēlā mea kōkua no nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hōʻaʻahu pololei kekahi i ka huelo, e like me ka pou e puka ana mai ka hope. Pelu aku nā poʻe ʻē aʻe iā ia ma hope o kona kua me ke apo pāʻani.

Ma hea kahi e noho ai ka luʻu meli?

Kiʻi: Pulu meli holoholona

Nui loa ka wahi noho o nā ʻāpana meli. Noho lākou ma loko o ka moku ʻApelika a, a ʻo kekahi, ua koho i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia. A ʻo ʻApelika hoʻi, noho nā līkeke meli ma laila ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale no ka ʻāpana wela, i uhi ʻia me nā ululāʻau humu.

Ma waho o ʻApelika, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kahi pihi meli:

  • ma ka Pae ʻArabia;
  • i ʻIraka;
  • Apekanikana;
  • Inia;
  • Tukemenikana;
  • Nepala;
  • Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kazakhstan;
  • Kaikikana;
  • Takisitana;
  • Usepekikana.

Hoʻohui nā wahi aniau ʻokoʻa i nā holoholona paʻakikī a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, akā hoʻāʻo lākou e haʻalele i nā wao nahele a me nā wela a me nā wao akua. ʻAʻole hoihoi ka makū nui i nā ʻūlū meli, no laila lākou e pale ai i nā tropika me ko lākou ulu lāʻau paʻa.

ʻO ka Steppes a me nā ululāʻau deciduous ākea e makemake nui ʻia me nā ʻūlū meli. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou i nā kuahiwi, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 3 km ke kiʻekiʻe. Makemake nā ʻūlū meli e noho ma nā pali kahawai o nā awawa, kahi one a lepo paha, kahi mea maikaʻi e ʻeli ai i nā lua, a lākou e hana ai ma nā pali o kēia mau wahi.

He aha ka mea ʻai a ka pūnana meli?

Kiʻi: pelekikena meli ʻApelika

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ka waihona meli a ka meli momona. ʻO ka meli kahi meaʻono wale nō a ka holoholona e hoʻomana wale ai. Ma hope ona, mākaukau ʻo ia e piʻi i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa, me ka luku ʻole ʻana i ka waihona meli. ʻAi wale ka holoholona i ka meli ponoʻī wale nō, akā, i nā pi hoʻi a me kā lākou larvae. Hopohopo iki nā nahu o nā insect iā ia, mānoanoa kona ʻili, paʻa ʻia i ka mea kaua, a wiwo ʻole kona ʻano. Aia kahi mea kahaha e nānā ana e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pūnana pi. ʻIke ʻia i kēia mea kōkua pinepine ʻia ka ʻili hulu meli e kahi manu e pili ana i ke kauoha o nā mea ʻāhiu, kapa lākou ia he alakaʻi meli.

ʻLelo ʻia e hōʻailona ʻo ia i ka pulu meli ua loaʻa iā ia kahi pūnana meli a alakaʻi pololei i ka holoholona iā ia. Ua lohe ka poʻe i ka pulu meli a me ka manu e kamaʻilio pū ana kekahi i kekahi ke hele lākou e luku i ka hale pi. ʻAi ka mea nāna ka meli i nā larvae o kēia mau mea kolo, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia iho ke kiʻi iā lākou, no laila lawe ʻo ia i holoholona ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he hoa hele, ʻaʻohe pilikia e lele pololei i loko o ka nalo meli. E waiho mau ka pihi meli i nā larva momona i kāna mea i kōkua ai i mea e hoʻomau mau ai ka launa pū ʻana.

Mai poina he predator ka waihona meli, no laila, no ka hapa nui, aia ka meaʻai holoholona i kāna papa kuhikuhi. ʻAi kēia mau holoholona i nā moʻo, nā meheu, nā hedgehogs, nā rana, nā kolo, nā kuhukukū. Mai ka papa kuhikuhi nui aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke kapa inoa i nā antelope ʻōpio, nā ʻalopeke a me nā crocodile liʻiliʻi paha. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka mea hōʻaiʻē i ke kalaiwa, makemake ʻo ia e ʻono i nā hua manu. Mai nā mea kanu mea kanu, hiki i ka mea ulu ke ʻai i nā hua, nā lau, kekahi mau aʻa, akā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kēia, ʻoi aku kona makemake i kaʻiʻo.

Hāʻawi ka meli momona i ka manawa he nui i ka hopu holoholona nahe, kahi e nahu ʻia ai ʻo ia, akā no ia mea ʻaʻole ia he mea nui, ʻaʻole paʻa ka nahu iā ia i kekahi ʻano. ʻOiai inā e nahu ʻia ka predator e ka cobra ʻawahia loa, e nalowale wale nō ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana no kekahi manawa, a palu ka wai o ka nahesa (hoʻopau kēia mokuʻāina mai kekahi mau minuke a i mau hola ʻelua), a laila hoʻomanaʻo hou kēia mea pau ʻole a hoʻomau i kāna pāʻina i keʻakeʻa ʻia, me he mea ʻole lā. hanaia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lili i ka pale o ka meli badger - ʻaʻohe mea make e lawe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā moʻo huelo ʻawahia a me nā nananana i kāna papa kuhikuhi.

I nā ʻāina ʻApelika, ua kaulana ka poʻe ʻāpana meli ma ke ʻano he ʻaihue maoli a me nā pōwā i hoʻouka kaua i nā hale moa a me nā apiaries, no laila makemake ʻole nā ​​ʻōiwi iā lākou, e noʻonoʻo nei he mau mea ʻino weliweli ia no kā lākou mahiʻai. Eia kahi ʻano kolohe a me ka gangster i ka prankster-ratel.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Wahine Melia Wahine Makaʻu ʻole

ʻAʻohe mea ʻino ʻole o ka pulu meli e like me ka mea e ʻike ʻia, ke hahau ʻana iā ia. He ʻano hoʻokano, ʻano hoʻokiʻekiʻe a kipi ʻole hoʻi kona ʻano, a he ʻano huhū a huhū hoʻi kona ʻano. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i helu ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka puke kaulana o nā moʻolelo. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka pulu meli i nā mea ʻino nui e like me nā liona a me nā leopadi, a me nā nahesa ʻino a me nā mea kolo. Mākaukau ʻo ia e holo i ke kaua inā hoʻoweliweli kekahi mea iā ia. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole makemake ka mōʻī o nā holoholona e huikau me ia ma muli o ke kumu o ka pana ʻana o ka meli i kāna mea kaua, e like me ka skunk. ʻO ka skunk wale nō me kēia pana e hoʻāʻo e hūnā mai ka makaʻu i ka hiki wawe, a ke hele nei ka pākana meli hōʻino i ka hoʻouka kaua.

ʻO ke kumu, ke ʻimi nei ka mea ulu ma ka honua, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī iā ia e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, aia kāna meaʻono momona loa - meli. ʻO ka maʻa mau o ka manawa ʻimi holoholona a ka ʻiliahi meli me ka hōʻea ʻana o ke ahiahi, akā i kekahi mau wahi mālie hiki ke hana i ka pihi meli i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. Makemake ka predator e hūnā mai ka wela paʻa i loko o kāna mau lua, kahi mau mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā alaloa lōʻihi o nā lua he mau lumi ʻoluʻolu i uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu palupalu. ʻO kēlā me kēia holoholona ma kāna teritori he mau puʻuhonua ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi.

He mea hoihoi ia i kēlā me kēia lā ke hoʻololi ka meli momona i kāna lua, ʻaʻole e noho no ka pō no kekahi mau lā i ka lālani i ka mea like.

ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana meli ke aloha kūʻokoʻa a me ka hakakā; makemake lākou e noho kaʻawale, e leʻaleʻa nei i ko lākou kūʻokoʻa a me ka mālama ʻole. ʻIke ʻia kēlā kanaka kēia kanaka e noho ana i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, he ʻōpio lākou, ʻaʻole ola kēlā mau hui no ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokumu nā pulu meli i nā kāne male i ka wā pōkole i ka wā o ka moena, i kekahi manawa kōkua ke kāne i ka wahine e hānai i kāna keiki, a laila haki ka wahine, ʻokoʻa loa nā pilina ʻohana ikaika i nā ʻono meli.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, he ʻāina kā kēlā me kēia meli makua makua, kahi e noho aliʻi ai a hōʻoia ʻaʻole i komo nā malihini i kāna ʻāpana, e kaha ana i nā palena me kahi huna huna. Inā ʻaʻa kekahi e komo hewa i kāna panalāʻau, a laila maikaʻi ʻole iā ia. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka pulu meli i kahi mea e pili ana i ka nui o kāna mea makemake ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ke kaua, a ʻaʻohe ikaika a wiwo ʻole hoʻi o kēia predator hoʻomaha ʻole. Mahalo i kēlā mau ʻano hakakā a me ka ferocity kupaianaha o ke koa, hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou i ka wolverine, ʻo ia kona pili pili loa.

Ke nānā nei i nā mea ʻono meli e noho ana i nā zoo, ua ʻōlelo nā zologists he maalea loa lākou. Ua noho kahi pihi meli i kekahi o nā zoo no 20 mau makahiki, i piʻi mau me nā ala sophisticated hou e pakele ai. Ua wehe ʻo ia i nā laka, a ua aʻo ʻia hoʻi e kālai i nā pōhaku lepo mai ka lepo pālolo o kāna hale manu i mea e puka ai i waho o ka pā me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou. He mea kupaianaha wale nō ia, akā ʻaʻole ia i kū i ka hele ʻana mai me nā ala hou. I ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia me kahi wahine e hoʻohuli iā ia mai nā hoʻolālā o ka pakele, ua aʻo pū ʻo ia iā ia i kāna mau taleni hoʻopulapula o ke kālai ʻana i nā pōhaku lepo a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea like ʻole (nā lāʻau, nā rake, nā lāʻau, nā pōhaku) i mea e pakele ai.

ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano maʻamau o kēia mau mea ʻino kupanaha, ʻike iki mākou e pili ana iā lākou. ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ko lākou noho ʻana i ka nāhelehele. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ola ka mea ulu a 25 mau makahiki, e kuʻi ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka me kona akamai a me ka wiwo ʻole ʻole.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Pihi meli pēpē

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe ua alakaʻi nā ʻāpana meli i kahi nohona mehameha, makemake i ke kūʻokoʻa palena ʻole. No kahi kau moʻo pōkole wale nō e hana ai i nā kuʻikahi. Hoʻomaka lākou i ka hānau ʻana hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma hope o ka momona, haʻalele ka keonimana i ka wahine o ka puʻuwai, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa aia kekahi poʻe e komo i ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou ʻōpio no kahi manawa pōkole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pinepine o ka makuahine wale nō e hana i kēia.

Aia ka wahine i ke kūlana mai ka ʻelima a i ka ʻehiku mau mahina, e hana ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kāna lua, e hana ana i kahi moena palu o ka mauʻu maloʻo no ka ʻoluʻolu o nā keiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau ʻia he 2 a 4 mau pēpē. Makapō loa lākou, ʻaʻohe huluhulu a ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike i ke ola. Ma kahi o kahi kapa huluhulu, ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele hina me nā pelu i nā lālā. Aia nā pēpē i ka lua no kekahi mau pule. ʻIke lākou a uhi ʻia me ka lauoho e nā lā he 35 wale nō o ko lākou ola.

Ma kahi kokoke i ʻekolu mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka ʻili hānai meli e hele i waho o ka lua a hana i nā hoʻāʻo holoholona kūʻokoʻa. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi lākou e noho nei me kahi makuahine mālama, hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō lākou e haʻalele iā ia, e hele nei i kahi huakaʻi manuahi. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ua oʻo nā kāne i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ua oʻo nā wahine i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoneʻe ka makuahine i nā pēpē i nā lua ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua i palekana lākou. Ke hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā keiki, neʻe lākou mai ka lua a i ka lua ma o lākou iho, me ka ukali ʻana i ko lākou makuahine i hoʻokahi faila. Eia kahi pēpē makuahine-meli, mālama a me ke akahele.

ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻili meli

Kiʻi: Honey Badger

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻole a me ka wiwo ʻole o ka pulu meli ʻike ʻole i nā palena, no laila i ka nāhelehele ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi he nui. Mai hoʻowahāwahā i kona ikaika a me ka mana, nāna i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, i hiki iā ia ke kūʻē me ka ʻenemi ʻoi loa. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea hōʻaiʻē nui e hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo i ka pahi meli ʻino a wiwo ʻole hoʻi.

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui:

  • ʻīlio hihiu;
  • ʻīlio hae;
  • Liona ʻĀsia, etc.

A ʻo nā liona, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he hōʻewa iki kēia mea predator i ka momona o ka meli. ʻO ke kumu, he mau ʻōpio paha kēia, a kipaku ʻia paha mai ka haʻaheo, a i ʻole ʻeha, e makemake nui nei i ka meaʻai.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea makemake nui ʻole i ka ʻili meli kahi kanaka i manaʻo he ʻaihue a ʻaihue. Ua hoʻopau ka poʻe ʻApelika i kēia mau holoholona he nui, no ka mea, ʻaihue lākou, nā moa a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a hoʻopōʻino lākou i nā ahi. ʻOiai ʻo nā pū wale nō ka mea e hiki ke pā i ka pihi meli, nā ihe a me nā pua ʻaʻole mea e nui ai ka pōʻino iā ia, tk. mānoanoa kona ʻili e like me ka pale kaua maoli.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: Honey Badger

He mea kupaianaha ka nui o nā kinikini meli i ka nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hālāwai me ia, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi kona ʻāpana o ka nui nui. Mālama ka poʻe i nā pūlū meli me ke akahele, makemake ʻole i nā holoholona no ko lākou haʻaheo a me ka predatory. Ua emi nui ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mea hoʻohilahila kupaianaha ma muli o ka hakakā pinepine ʻana o ka poʻe me lākou me ke kōkua o nā mea kaua, nā ʻano mea ʻawa a me nā hei.

Ua iho ikaika loa nā helu i nā wahi hema o ʻApelika. I loko nō o kēia mau ana kūpono ʻole no nā mea hānai meli, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou heluna kanaka i kēia manawa, laha mau lākou. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi holoholona kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi.

I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻomaopopo i ka nānā ʻana i ka pihi meli wiwo ʻole wiwo ʻole, ala aʻe ka naʻau i ka weliweli a ʻike ʻia ka hilinaʻi iā ʻoe iho. I kekahi mau hanana, makemake ʻoe e loaʻa ka koa a me ka hoʻoholo like. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole a ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona Kenyan i manaʻo ai ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka puʻuwai o kēia mea ʻino, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo me ke koa a me ka lanakila ʻole e like me ia. Pihi meli hiki ke haʻaheo a principled. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo ʻia no ka wiwo ʻole kupaianaha, hiki iā ʻoe ke makaʻu no ka hōʻino a me ka ʻino, akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke noho nānā ʻole i kēia mea kupaianaha, no ka mea ua pūʻiwa a huhū kona huhū i ka manawa like.

Ka lā paʻi: 07.03.2019

Lā hou: 09/15/2019 ma 18:31

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E nānā i ka wikiō: Tugas PIP Partai kelompok 3, HI Universitas Andalas (Iulai 2024).