Pōhaku nahele - kāne uʻi hanohano. Nui ia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kahi pōpoki maʻamau, like me ka lynx i ka helehelena a me nā kala. Ma waho o ka mea nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia holoholona: hale, pōpoki ulu lāʻau, lynx swamp, Nile cat. Ua helu ʻia kēia mākaʻi koa wiwo ʻole i ka Red Book i ko mākou ʻāina.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pōkū nahele
Ua ʻike ʻia ka pōpoki ulu lāʻau mai ka wā kahiko, ua kapa ʻia ko ʻAigupita "Nile". ʻO lākou ka mea mua e hoʻokala, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ʻekolu kaukani makahiki i hala. Ua alualu lākou i nā ʻalalā me kēia predator hoihoi loa. Ua lilo kēia i mea mahalo ʻia i nā kiʻi pena pōhaku i loaʻa, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻauʻau ʻana o nā pōpoki me nā kānaka pio. Ua loaʻa ka pōpoki i kona inoa kapakapa "hale" mai ka poʻe ʻAigupita mai, unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "hale", no ka mea, ua noho kēia pōpoki i ko lākou mau hale.
Ma mua, he mau holoholona makemake nui ʻia kēia mau pōpoki i nā ʻāina like ʻole he 25 a puni ka honua, ʻoiai ke kānalua nei ko lākou kaulana. No nā mea he nui, noho ka hale i holoholona hihiu weliweli a weliweli hoʻi, ka mea i kū ʻole i ka pāʻina ʻana i nā moa, no laila makaʻu lākou i nā kauhale. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua e wehewehe i kēia ʻano holoholona ʻo ia ka mea huakaʻi a me naturalist ʻo Johann Anton Guldenstedt, ka mea i lawelawe iā Catherine II i kāna huakaʻi i nā palena hema o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1776.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā mau lā, aia nō he poʻe aloha pōpoki a hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano hou, like loa me ka pōpoki nahele, akā ʻaʻole ikaika a hihiu hoʻi. Ua loaʻa kēia i ke keʻa ʻana i kahi pōpoki home maʻamau a me kahi pōpoki Nile. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa hānau - "Felis chaus", manaʻo ʻia he ʻano maʻalahi ko lākou.
A laila hānai ʻia nā hybrids ʻē aʻe, ka mea i ka nānā aku ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka pōpoki nahele, akā ʻoi aku ke ʻano akahai. I kēia manawa ua noho ka honua e 10 mau ʻano o nā ʻano lynx swamp.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pōkū ulu ulu
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi pōpoki maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā nui o ka pōpoki ulu. ʻO ke kino o kahi pōpoki hihiu he 60 a 90 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole helu i ka huelo, a hiki i 30 - 35 cm ka lōʻihi. Nui loa ke kaumaha - mai 5 a 12 kg. Ua piʻi ka pōpoki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hapalua mika ma ka maloʻo. Noho nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi ma Thailand a me ka mokupuni ʻo Sri Lanka, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea nui loa i ʻike ʻia ma Caucasus a me Palestine.
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i pili ka pōpoki ulu ulu me kahi lynx, no ka mea, like ke ʻano o kona hiʻohiʻona holoʻokoʻa me ia, ma ke kala a ma nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele leʻaleʻa ma kona mau pepeiao. ʻO ke kala o ka pōpoki hina-one i ke kala, e like me ke kala o nā ʻohe maloʻo. Aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona i haʻi iki ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻāpana; ʻike ʻia ia i nā ʻōpio a me nā keiki, ʻo ka nui o nā kaha ma nā wāwae a me ka huelo. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka hulu o ka pōpoki, kūpikū. I ke kauwela ua ninini nui ia, a i ka hoʻoilo ua lilo i mea paʻa a mānoanoa loa.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki ke kani kala o nā pōpoki Nile, pili ia i ka ʻāina o kā lākou wahi e noho ai:
- one māmā;
- melemele ʻulaʻula;
- ʻeleʻele lahilahi;
- melemele hinahina.
He mana loa nā wāwae o nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau, ikaika me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka waha o ka pōpoki ululāʻau a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i lalo, o ka nui waena e pili ana i kāna kūkulu ʻana. Kūlike kūlike nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho o ka pōpoki Nile me nā felines āpau, a ʻo ke kala o ka huluhulu huluhulu e ʻae maʻalahi e hui pū me nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe o nā wahi kahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pōpoki ululāʻau?
Kiʻi: Pōhā ulu
Aloha nā pōpoki ululāʻau i ke aniau mehana, mahalo iā Central Asia a me ke kapakai ʻo Caspian nā wahi punahele a lākou e noho ai. Eia kekahi, noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai o ʻApelika (Nile), ma Thailand, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sri Lanka, ma Palesetina, India, Indochina, ma ka hikina o Eurasia, ma Caucasus. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Russian Federation, koe wale no ke kai Caspian, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Dagestan a ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai Volga.
ʻIno nā pōpoki i nā wahi ākea, no laila puka lākou i waho iā lākou i nā manawa maʻamau, me ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana mai kahi o ka hoʻonohonoho mau. Hoʻomana ka pōpoki i nā ulu lāʻau a me nā ʻohe, kahi a lākou e ʻike ai i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana ʻole. Makemake nā sila e noho i ke kahakai a me nā wahi ʻohe. ʻAʻole makemake iki nā hale i ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou mau hale, akā makemake lākou e noho i ka fox hakahaka a me nā lua kiko. ʻAʻole lākou e noho i loko o lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi, i nā manawa āpau e neʻe ana i nā wahi hou no nā kumu palekana. Ma ke kahakai hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ala pōpoki, he mau pōpoki ulu lāʻau kēia e waiho iā lākou ma kahi pāpaʻu. ʻAʻau a luʻu lākou me ka nani, ke ʻimi holoholona, no nā manu wai a me nā iʻa.
Inā noho ka pōpoki i kahi mauna, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e piʻi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 800 - 1000 mau mika, ʻoi aku kona makemake i kāna nāhelehele ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole makemake ka pōpoki e hoʻopili aku i nā poʻe, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona malū a akahele hoʻi. I ke kau anuanu a me ke kakahiaka nui, hiki iā ia ke kipa i nā kauhale kanaka, e hana ana i ka poʻe pōā, me ka ʻaihue i ka moa, āna i makemake ai e ʻai.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka pōpoki ulu?
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka pōpoki nahele
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he holoholona omnivorous ka pōpoki ulu lāʻau e hānai pono ana i nā mea āpau e hāʻule ma lalo o kāna ʻūwi māiʻuʻu. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e kūʻē i ka pāʻina ʻana i nā manu, ke hopu pono ʻana iā lākou i ka lele ʻana, ʻo nā hua manu mai nā pūnana mai kekahi o kāna papaʻai. Hopu iā ia i ka pōpoki a me nā meheu like ʻole (nāʻiole kula, gophers, martens), e noho ana ma ka mink, e kali ana i kahi pio no kekahi mau hola. ʻAʻole e hōʻole ka pōpoki i kekahi mau mea kolo a hiki i nā amphibians, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā rana, nā moʻo a me nā moʻo. Hiki i kahi pōpoki ulu ke lilo iā ia i hare keʻokeʻo, a i kahi puaʻa hihiu liʻiliʻi paha, inā hōʻike ʻia ka manawa kūpono. Huli ʻo ia i kahi manu e noho ana i ka wai, hopu iʻa. ʻAʻole ia he mea hanana wale e luʻu a ʻauʻau nani ai.
He mea kūpono ke kia ʻana i ka hoihoi o ka pōpoki i ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Pāleʻi mālie ʻo ia i kona ʻūlū ma luna o ka wai, e hāʻawi ana i ka hiʻona o kahi mea lele e ʻā ana, e ʻumeʻume ana i ka iʻa. Inā ʻauʻau ia, hāʻule koke ia ma ke kī o nā maiuu deftly i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana i waho, kuʻu pololei ka pōpoki i kona poʻo i loko o ka wai.
Hele ka hale i ka hopu holoholona ke ʻeleʻele ke hele. Nānā ʻo ia ma luna o ka mea pio a hana ʻane ʻane hāmau, hiki ke loaʻa i kāna mea i hōʻino ʻia me hoʻokahi lele lokomaikaʻi, kahi e mākaukau ai a me ka uila wikiwiki.
Ma waena o nā kamaʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia ka pōpoki he pōā a me kahi ʻaihue, nāna e hoʻouka i nā hale moa, ʻaihue i nā moa a me nā moa ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke ʻaihue i kahi puaʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pinepine ka pōpoki ulu i kēia mau mea āpau, no ka mea makemake ʻole e hele kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻO ke kumu, hana pōā i ka manawa hoʻoilo anuanu a me ka puna mua, ke paʻakikī e loaʻa ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pōhiu nahele i ka nāhelehele
Makemake ka pōpoki ululāʻau e noho kokoke i nā waihona wai like, no ke koho ʻana i kā lākou ulu lāʻau nui a me nā lāʻau ʻohe. Hana maikaʻi ʻo ia me ke akahele loa, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole e kani nui a hana e like me kahi kiu ʻike maoli. Hoʻāʻo ka holoholona e hōʻalo i nā wahi ākea. ʻAʻole makemake ka pōpoki e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai he ʻūpā ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi.
ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pōpoki ululāʻau ka lua o nā ʻano, kahi e ʻano wiwo ʻole ai a akahele loa hoʻi ʻo ia i mea e makaʻu ʻole ai i ka mea pio. ʻEleu ka hana o ka pōpoki i ke ahiahi, a i ke ao makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomaha i nā ulu lāʻau a i ʻole kahi lua.
ʻO ka ʻike maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka lohe e kōkua i ka marsh lynx ʻaʻole wale e alualu me ka holomua, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e hopu ʻia e ka poʻe makemake ʻino. Inā hiki ʻole ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia me ka ʻenemi, hana wiwo ʻole ka pōpoki me ka wiwo ʻole, e hōʻike ana i kona ikaika a me kona mana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka pōpoki ululāʻau ke makemake ia e luʻu i loko o ka wai ʻaʻole wale no ka pono o ka hopu holoholona, akā no ka holoi ʻana hoʻi i kona ʻaʻala. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia iā ia mai nā pōpoki kūloko, ka mea ʻāpono, makemake e waiho iā ia ma nā wahi āpau.
Makemake ka hale e noho hoʻokahi ma kāna panalāʻau, loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻohana no kahi wā male pōkole wale nō. Makemake ka pōpoki i kāna wahi ponoʻī, kahi āna e manaʻo ai manuahi a maluhia hoʻi. Hiki i ka teritori o ia ʻano noho ke noho ma 50 a 180 sq. km ʻO kekahi ʻano hoihoi o kahi pōpoki ulu lāʻau ka ʻoluʻolu a me ke ahonui. Noho mālie kahi pōpoki no nā hola kokoke i ka lua o kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ke ahonui a me ke ahonui.
Hiki ke hoʻokupu i kahi predator, akā he hana nui loa kēia e koi ai i ka makemake nui a me ka ʻeleu, no ka mea manuahi ke kūʻokoʻa-aloha a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi, he ʻano koʻikoʻi kona. ʻO kāna mau keiki liʻuliʻu e hoʻowali kūpikipiki aku iā ia a hū, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ʻano kipi a paʻakikī hoʻi mai ka wā kamaliʻi He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki i kahi pōpoki ulu lāʻau hānai ke ʻike wale i hoʻokahi kanaka nona, a e mālama i ke koena o ka ʻohana me ka akahele a me ka huhū paha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pōkū nahele
Aloha nā pōpoki ulu e noho i kahi mehameha piha, e hana ana i nā ʻohana wale nō i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, i hana mau ʻia ma Pepeluali - Malaki. I kēia manawa, ikaika loa nā holoholona a formidable. E like me nā pōpoki maʻalahi, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi meow kono leo nui a hana i nā kaua ikaika no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, mālama ka pōpoki i kahi ʻoluʻolu kahi e waiho ai kona lua. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia ia i loko o ka ululāʻau hiki ʻole ke hiki ke hele. Hana ka wahine i ka papahele mai nā lālā, nā ʻohe, loaʻa ka hulu, ka hulu hipa, i mea e mahana a ʻoluʻolu nā keiki.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana ma mua o ʻelua mau mahina. Hānau ʻia ʻekolu a ʻeono paha pēpē. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka ʻōpala e nā kāne. Kaupaona nā keiki hānau hou ma waena o 60 a me 100 mau huna. I ka wā hānau, makapō loa lākou, a hāmama nā maka ma kahi o 10 mau lā. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o ko lākou kala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona ma mua o ka poʻe mākua.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻo Māmā i nā pēpē, hānai ʻana me ka waiū umauma a hiki i ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau mahina, ʻoiai mai ka mau mahina ʻelua ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i ka papaʻai. Komo pū ke kāne i ka hānai ʻana a hānai ʻana, ma kahi kokoke mau. Mai ka makahiki o ʻelima mau mahina, hōʻike nā holoholona ʻōpio i ko lākou kūʻokoʻa, a ʻewalu mau mahina ua oʻo lākou i ka moekolohe. I ka nahelehele, ʻo ke ola o kahi pōpoki ulu lāʻau 14 a 15 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi manawa lōʻihi a me ka hana hou, nani, maikaʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau
Kiʻi: Pōkū ulu ulu
I ke kūlohelohe, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka pōpoki nahele e nā holoholona predatory nui aʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ia. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻouka pinepine ka leopadi iā lākou, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻano feline lākou. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui nā ʻīlio hae, ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka maʻa mau ka pōpoki ululāʻau mai iā lākou deftly a wikiwiki e hemo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole like iki ko lākou ikaika. No ka hoʻopakele iā ia iho, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i kahi kumulāʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona mau māiʻuʻu ʻoi, a pēlā e alualu ai i nā ʻalopeke me nā ʻīlio hae. Me ke kōkua o ka lele ʻana, hiki i ka pōpoki ke neʻe maʻalahi mai kahi lāʻau a kekahi lāʻau i mea e pakele ai nā mea hōkai nui aʻe.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano holoholona he hoʻololi i ko lākou mau wahi o kahi noho mau. ʻO kēia paha ka nalowale ʻana o nā kino wai, ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana o ka barbaric, nā kūlana nohona maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho pōpoki hihi e nā poʻe. ʻAʻohe hoihoi o ka pōpoki ulu ulu i ka poʻe e ʻimi holoholona ana, ʻaʻole mahalo iki ʻia kona huluhulu, hiki ke hopu ʻia me ka ulia ʻole.
Akā hoʻopau pinepine kekahi kanaka i nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā manu moa, ʻaihue pololei ʻia mai ka pā. ʻAʻohe kumu ʻē aʻe no ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, akā lawa lākou e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. No laila, ma Rūsia, helu ʻia ka pōpoki ulu ulu i ka Buke ʻula.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pōhā ulu
ʻO ka nohona malū a akahele loa hoʻi o nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka ʻike piha a akāka hoʻi e pili ana i ke kūlana o ko lākou heluna holoʻokoʻa, no laila, ʻaʻole i maopopo kahi hanana i hoʻokumu ʻia e pili ana i kēia. Maopopo pono ia ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kona ʻano me ka luku ʻia i nā panalāʻau he nui o kona wahi noho paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi komohana hema a me nā hema hikina o ʻAsia.
ʻIke ʻia ua helu ʻia nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau āpau i ka noi CITES ʻelua (kahi kuʻikahi kūwaho kūwaho kūwaho e pili ana i ke kālepa a me ka pale ʻana o nā holoholona o nā holoholona e ʻaneʻane pau ʻia) I nā mokuʻāina ʻĀnia a me Aferika nui, pāpā ʻia ka luku a kūʻai aku iā lākou. Ua helu ʻia nā ʻohana Caucasian e noho ana ma Rūsia ma ka puke Red. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā panalāʻau o Ossetia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, ke kapakai ʻo Caspian, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka Volga.
Wahi a ka ʻike hilinaʻi, ʻike ʻia ʻike ʻia ka pōpoki ulu ulu ma kahakai Caspian i nā makahiki kanawalukumamālua o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ʻoiai e ʻōlelo ana ka poʻe kahiko ʻike lākou i kekahi manawa i kēia manawa. Ke hōʻike nui nei nā hālāwai launa ʻole o nā poʻe me kēia mau pōpoki hihiu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hōʻemi nui kēia holoholona i kona heluna kanaka no nā kumu like ʻole a ma nā ʻāina he nui, e like me kā mākou, e kokoke ana i ka make, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia.
Ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki ulu lāʻau
Kiʻi: Pōkū nahele
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka Caucasian o nā pōpoki ulu ulu e noho ana i ka Russian Federation i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book, kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻoweliweli o kona make ʻana. Ma muli o ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia puke, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo aia ma kahi o 500 wale nō o kēia mau holoholona i ko mākou ʻāina.
ʻO kahi nui o nā kumu like ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i kahi ʻano kaumaha o nā ʻano pōpoki jungle:
- ʻaihue;
- ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ma muli o ka make ʻana o nā manu moa;
- ʻinoʻino a anuanu hoʻi;
- hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā poho wai;
- nele i ka meaʻai;
- nā mea ʻaihue nui (nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻīlio hae, nā leopadi);
- kālaimeaola maikaʻi ʻole.
I ko mākou ʻāina, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka luku ʻana i kahi pōpoki ulu lāʻau. I kekahi mau zoo, mālama ʻia ia no nā kumu hānau, nā mea e hāʻawi ai i nā hopena maikaʻi. I kekahi hihia ʻaʻole pono e ʻae ʻia kēia holoholona kū hoʻokahi e nalo loa mai ke alo o ko mākou honua.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui i kēlā pōpoki ululāʻauʻo ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, trainable inā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kēia pahuhopu nāu. Akā ke ʻano o kēia predator lokomaikaʻi a dexterous e hoʻoikaika mau i ke kūʻokoʻa. Makemake kēia holoholona haʻaheo i nā mānoanoa hiki ʻole ke hele aku e kamaʻilio me nā kānaka. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻopilikia i kona ola i loko o kona aupuni feline kūlohelohe, kahi āna e manaʻo ai he haku maoli ʻo ia i ke kūlana a ʻoluʻolu maoli ia, maluhia a hauʻoli hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 01/29/2019
Lā hou: 09/16/2019 ma 22:16
