ʻAʻole nā manu āpau e haʻalele i ko lākou ʻāina ʻōiwi me ke hoʻokokoke ʻana o ke anuanu. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu hoʻoilo i ka hau, akā pono pinepine i ka hānai ʻana.
No ke aha e lele ʻole ai nā manu āpau i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano tropical e neʻe ʻole ma muli o ke anuanu o ka hoʻoilo, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e komo i kā lākou meaʻai maʻamau a hoʻouluulu i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maʻa mau o nā manu "ʻākau" he nui (nā ʻalalā, nā ʻūlū, nā pueo, nā jay, nā nunu, nā manu nūnū, nā mea ʻāhiu, nā manuʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i wehewehe ʻia e ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi pono, ka loaʻa o nā meaʻai kūpono a me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā manu hoʻoilo ma ke ʻano teritori, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me kēia:
- kūlanakauhale;
- kahua;
- ululaau.
ʻO nā mea mua i pūnana i ke kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi e pili ana, e neʻe kokoke ana i nā hale no ka hoʻoilo i mea e nānā manuahi ai i nā kini ʻōpala e ʻimi ai i nā koena meaʻai. Ma ke ala o ka hānai ʻana, hōʻike ʻia nā manu hoʻoilo e nā ʻano ʻike āpau.
- mea ʻai holoholona;
- nā insectivores;
- lau nahele
- omnivora.
Ua aʻo nā manu paʻalulu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai me ka nui o ka hau a me nā hau paʻa. Hoʻopakele ʻia lākou mai nā mahana haʻahaʻa e nā papa momona momona a me nā plumage fluffy, ka mea e paʻa ai ka wela.
Mea nui. He kuhi hewa ka manaʻoʻiʻo ʻana he manu lele ʻole i lele ʻole i ka hema ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka nahesa. ʻIke nā nīnū a me nā nuthatches iā lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili, me ka nānā ʻole pū i nā hua, nā larvae a me nā pupae.
He aha nā manu hoʻoilo e ʻai ai
ʻAʻole lākou e ʻeha nui mai ka hau mai ka nele o ka meaʻai, kahi e pono ai e māʻona ai ka pōloli a, ʻo ka mea nui, e hoʻoulu i ka wela. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa no nā manu manuahi (e like me goldfinches, siskin, bullfinches a i ʻole nā poʻe hulakaʻi) me kā lākou papa kuhikuhi hoʻoilo nui, e pili pū ana me:
- nā hua birch;
- na anoano alder;
- kaupaku;
- nā hua rowan;
- nā hua lilac a me ka lehu.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā manu lele e hopu i nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka hau, ʻo ke koena, me ka manaʻo e loaʻa ka meaʻai, neʻe kokoke i nā kānaka.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana o nā manu
Hoʻolālā ia e hōʻemi i ka make o nā manu hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana o ka hoʻoilo (e noʻonoʻo ana i nā kūlana o ka manawa) i ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa a pau i Malaki - ʻApelila.
ʻO ka palaoa a me nā mea hou aʻe
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hānai ʻana i ka hoʻoilo no ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i nā manu kūpono, ka nui o nā tits a me nā nuthatches, a me ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou holoholona. ʻO ka papa hoʻoilo o kēia mau manu me nā ʻanoʻano:
- sunflower;
- hemp;
- spruce a me ka paina (substandard);
- melemona a me melon;
- kaʻuala.
Hāʻawi maʻalahi ka pūpū o kahi sunflower iā ia iho i nā tits nui a me nā nuthatches, ʻoiai nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻānai iki iā ia. ʻO nā hua Watermelon, ʻai nui ʻia e ka titmice a me nā nuthatches, i nā hau hau ʻino i lilo i mea ʻono ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia no nā momona nui.
Nānā. ʻAʻole pono ka paʻakai i ka mea hānai (he lāʻau make kēia no nā manu āpau), a me nā ʻano pua sunflower, nā hua ʻumeke, melon, paina a me nā ʻano melemele e waiho hou, ʻaʻole i palai.
ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano granivorous āpau i ka oats a me ka millet, a me nā titmice, me ka ʻai pū ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāhinuhinu ʻaila ʻole, ka ʻiʻo, nā momona o loko a me nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lālā me kahi kaula / twine
Hoʻohui hānai
He ʻokoʻa loa lākou i ka haku mele ʻana, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai o nā manu i hānai ʻia. No laila, no nā insectivores, paipai ʻia nā pua lūlū a me nā ʻano hemp i ka lakio o 1: 4. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia hui ʻana i ka palaoa i wili ʻia a me nā ʻanoʻano: i ke ʻano maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā mea momona o ka holoholona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia Makemake nui ka hope i ka waiū.
ʻO kekahi o nā loina kiʻekiʻe-calorie nui nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, piha i ka momona, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka ʻōpala palaoa, nā ʻanoʻano a nā cereal paha, e like me ka ʻoka. Lele ʻoluʻolu nā manu Granivorous a me nā insectivorous i nā mea hānai, kahi e hui ai nā mea kanu o ka hemp, millet, hua hua maloʻo (lehu kuahiwi, elderberry), sunflower a me nā ʻoka palaʻai i wāwahi ʻia e kali nei no lākou.
Nā Mea Hānai
Hiki i kēia mau hale ke loaʻa i nā ʻano a me nā nui like ʻole, ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole lawe ʻia ka hānai iā lākou. No kēia, pono e hoʻokau kokoke i nā mea hānai i nā hale noho, ʻoiai ʻike ka nui o nā manu hoʻoilo i ke kōkua mai nā kānaka.
Inā makemake nui ʻia ka mea hānai no nā tits a me nā nuthatches, ʻo ka helu o ka mahina mai 1.5 a 2 kg o ka hoʻohuihui hānai, 0.5 kg o kaʻiʻo a me 200-300 g momona. I nā ululāʻau a me nā pāka, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea kolo hōʻino, kau ʻia hoʻokahi mea hānai no 100-200 ha.
ʻAʻole mea nui ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kau ʻana, akā inā ʻaʻohe moose ma ia wahi, e kīkē pinepine ana i nā mea hānai. I kēia hihia, kau ʻia lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi 2.5 m, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kau ʻana o ka mea hānai ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka.
I mea e ʻumeʻume ai i nā manu, e hoʻokau i nā mea hānai i nā wahi like i lawe mai nā manu i ka ulu ʻōpio ma aneʻi.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu i ka evolution
Hoʻololi nā manu hibernating ke hānai pinepine ʻia. ʻO kēia hopena, i hoʻopuka ʻia i loko o nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke pai ʻO Biology I kēia manawa, i hana ʻia e nā ornithologists e nānā nei i ka warbler poʻo ʻeleʻele no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ke kahua o ka ʻepekema ʻike 2 mau heluna kanaka o Sylvia atricapilla mai Kelemania, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 800 km wale nō. Ma mua o ke Kaua Honua II, lele nā manu o nā lehulehu ʻelua i ke Kaiwaenahonua i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻai ana i nā ʻoliva a me nā hua.
I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka kekahi hapa o nā warblers (ma kahi o 10%) i ka hoʻoilo i Albion foggy, i kōkua ʻia e ka hānai hana ʻana o nā manu e nā poʻe Pelekania aloha. Ua hōʻike ka hōʻuluʻulu DNA i nā warblers o nā lehulehu ʻelua, ka mea i hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana i ke Kaiwaenahonua, hōʻike i nā like like me kekahi (ʻoiai kahi mamao o 800 km) ma mua o ka poʻe i neʻe i UK.
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Ornithologists i ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻokoʻa genetika i mālama ʻia i nā warblers o ka heluna like hoʻoilo i nā ʻāina like ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻomaka nā lālā ʻelua o ka heluna i ka ʻokoʻa kūwaho.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea a nā kānaka noiʻi e hoʻokūkala nei, ua kakahiaka nui e kiʻi i nā hopena o ka honua, no ka mea ua hoʻomaka ʻo Sylvia atricapilla i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi like ʻole i hala. Eia naʻe, manaʻo nā mea kālaimeaola ua hopu lākou i ka mahele o ka heluna kānaka i 2 mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa, i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mana pololei o nā kānaka.
Nā manu hoʻoilo
Ma Rūsia, pili kēia mau mea ma kahi o 70 mau ʻano, akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā Lūkia Ornithologists i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka helu, e hoʻohou nei i ka papa inoa o nā manu hoʻoilo mai ka waena o kā mākou ʻāina. Hoʻohui ʻia ka papa inoa (ma muli o ka hoʻomehana honua) e nā manu nomadic, kahi e pili kokoke ana i nā wahi noho i ke anuanu.
ʻO ka pinepine a pinepine hoʻi, ka moa wai, ʻike ʻāpana a i ʻole nā kino wai kū ʻole ʻole, noho mau i ka hoʻoilo ma nā kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole kū nā manu o ka hoʻoilo i nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu ulu i kā lākou hana kūpono no ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻino o ka ʻelima.
Manu ʻio
Hūnā pinepine kēia inoa i ka manu sparrow, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia a me ka launa ʻole ʻole o ka genect sparrow maoli. ʻAneʻane nā ʻāpana āpau he 12, me nā ʻokoʻa laha ʻole, alakaʻi i kahi ola sedentary a pili i nā kānaka. Noho nā sparrows hale ma ka latitu hema a me ka ʻākau o ka honua (e like me Eurasia, Australia, North / South America, South Africa, New Zealand a me nā mokupuni he nui), akā ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻololi wale i ka Arctic.
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ke kāne e kahi kiko ʻeleʻele e hoʻonui ana ma luna o ka auwae, ka puʻu / goiter a me ka luna o ka umauma, a me ka hina hina (ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, e like me ka lei aliʻi. He puʻu hina a me ke poʻo ko ka wahine, a holo ke kahakaha hina-melemele ma luna o ka maka.
ʻO ka sparrow hale hoʻomākaukau ʻole, e like me ka mea i lilo, he kāne hoʻokahi ia, a komo i ka lua o ka male ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna wahine.
Manu nui nā manu a ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hoʻokahakaha ʻole - ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻulua e lele i luna o ka papa ʻaina o kahi cafe alanui e ʻūlū i kekahi mau hunahuna. He ola pōkole ko ka sparrow hale, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. ʻO nā lono o nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ʻelua mau lōʻihi a ʻoi loa ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia.
ʻO Bullfinch
ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia lālā o ka ʻohana finch ma mua o ka manu o ka hale, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma muli o kāna hana paʻa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ke kāne e kahi ʻōpū ʻulaʻula, nona ka kala e hoʻonui ʻia e nā ʻulaʻula o nā papalina, ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻaoʻao (ʻokoʻa ka wahine dimmer). ʻO nā wahine, me ka ʻole, nele i kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou mau ʻēheu, a ʻaʻohe o nā holoholona ʻōpio i kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele i ko lākou mau poʻo ma mua o ka molt mua.
Noho ʻo Bullfinches ma ʻEulopa, Komohana a me ʻĀkia Hikina, me Siberia, Kamchatka a me Iapana. ʻO ke kihi hema o ka pae i hiki i ka ʻākau o Sepania, nā Apennines, ka ʻākau o Helene a me ka ʻākau o ʻAsia Minor. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina o Rūsia e ʻike ʻia ka bullfinch i loko o kā mākou mau ululāʻau i ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia: i ke kauwela ua uhi ʻia me nā lau nahelehele, a kūʻē i ke kumu o nā kumu lāʻau uhi ʻia o ka hau e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia.
Noho aliʻi ʻo Matriarchy i loko o nā ʻohana o nā bipi kāne - loaʻa ka ʻai i ka hau, alakaʻi i ke kāne a me nā hakakā me nā hoanoho inā pono. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kāne me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.
ʻIke ʻo Bullfinches pehea e loaʻa ai nā hua mai nā hua berani, hop cones a me ka juniper, akā hāʻawi lākou i ka makemake i nā hua maple, lehu a me nā alder. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Buckwheat a me millet i nā mea hānai.
ʻO Chizh
ʻO kekahi ʻōiwi o ka ʻohana finch, e noho nei i nā mānoanoa coniferous a hāʻawi ʻia i ko mākou ʻāina i nā manu hoʻoilo hapa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Siskin ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole i emi iki ka mahalo ʻia, mahalo i kahi mele mele e pili ana iā Siskin-fawn.
He plumage ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele ʻole ka siskin a me nā hiki leo maikaʻi, no ka mea ua kūʻai ʻia me ka leʻaleʻa i nā mākeke manu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ka siskin a maʻa i ka hale paʻahao, kahi e whistles ai ʻo ia i nā mele maʻalahi a lawe pū i nā moa.
ʻO ka papaʻai maoli o ka siskin e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka deciduous (ʻo ka birch / alder) a me nā hua coniferous, i kāwili ʻia me nā mea kolo e like me nā aphids. Hele nā ʻenuhe olohelohe e hānai i nā moa. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ua maʻa ka manu i ka hua rapeseed, flaxseed a me canary.
ʻO nā hoa wahine Siskin wale nō no ka pūnana kau. I ke kauwela, neʻe aku nā ʻohana siskin i kahi o nā kino wai kū ʻole.
Klest-elovik
He lālā maʻamau ʻo ia, ʻo kahi manu ma mua iki o ka manu, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka starling. Kaulana ʻo Klest no ka nuku keʻa ikaika, hoʻohana ʻia ʻaʻole wale no ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā ʻone, akā e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau. Noho ʻo Klest-elovik ma ʻEulopa (e like me ka post-Soviet space), Central a me ʻAkau ʻAkau, ʻAkau-ʻĀkau ʻApelika, Pilipine, Central a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
He manuahi ka wae a ka manu e noho spruce, ʻaʻole pinepine pinepine a paina, akā ʻaʻole nahele kedera.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kāne e ka umauma raspberry (i ka wahine he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina). ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu o ka crossbill maʻamau ʻeleʻele hina-ʻeleʻele. Kaʻi pinepine ka manu i luna i lalo, a hiki i ka cone, a paʻa i ka lālā me nā manamana lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole "hemo" ka pūpū i ka cone a hiki i ka hopena, e ʻoluʻolu me kahi o 1/3 o nā hua: ʻai ʻia ke koena e nā ʻiole a me nā ʻūlū. Hoʻomaha nui nā kea walaʻau a me ka nimble i nā lāʻau, i ka lele lele pinepine lākou me ke kani o "cap-cap-cap". ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā manu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua i nā keiki i ka hoʻoilo.
Goldfinch poʻo poʻo ʻeleʻele
ʻO kahi melebird, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, a mahalo ʻia e nā amateurs no kāna mau hana leo maikaʻi. ʻO kahi maʻamau, a poʻo ʻeleʻele paha, hīmeni ʻole ka goldfinch i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me ka lilo ʻole o kāna makana a i loko o kahi pā.
Ua uku ka kūlohelohe i ka goldfinch ʻaʻole wale me ke tālena o ka mea mele, akā me kahi hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha - ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele o nā ʻeheu, nā papalina keʻokeʻo, kua ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu ʻulaʻula a puni ka nuku a me ka mandible. Hōʻike ka dimorphism moekolohe iā ia iho i ka laulā o ka ʻulaʻula ma lalo o ka nuku: i nā kāne he 8-10 mm ia, i nā wahine he ʻelua ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiki.
Wahi a nā ornithologists, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā goldfinches 2 me ke ʻano like o ka plumage.
Noho nā goldfinches maʻamau i ʻEulopa, ʻAsia Komohana, ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me Siberia Komohana. ʻOiai ko lākou makemake ʻole i ka hau, ka hapa nui o nā hoʻoilo gula i ka home, neʻe kokoke i nā wahi noho. Hoʻopau nā Goldfinches i nā mea kolo māla ʻino ma o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā larvae o nā aphids lāʻau, a me nā ʻano nāhelehele, me ka ʻeke, i hōʻole ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Schur
ʻO ka inoa kapakapa kaulana no kēia manu nahele - ka moa moa Finnish, a i ʻole ka ʻoka Finnish - i kū mai ma muli o ka ʻōlinolino (me ka mea nui o ka ʻaoʻao crimson background) o nā kāne. ʻAʻole hōʻike iki nā wahine a me nā kāne ʻōpio: ʻo kā lākou umauma, poʻo a me hope i pena melemele ʻia.
Ke ulu nei ʻo Schur mai ka starling, ua ulana nui ʻia a mākaukau ʻia me ka nuku kuʻikuʻi manoanoa, e kōkua ai e huki i nā hua mai nā cones a me nā hua crush. ʻOi aku ka shchur maʻamau i nā ululāʻau coniferous, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka taiga, kahi e hoʻomaka pinepine ai i ke kāhea ʻana ʻo "ki-ki-ki", e like me ka bullfinch. Hoʻouna pū kekahi i kahi leo uē o "pew-li" a i ʻole, keu hoʻi i ke kau moʻo, hoʻololi i nā mele sonorous.
Huikau pinepine ʻo Schur me kahi bullfinch ma muli o ka ʻulaʻula o nā umauma a hoʻopili i ka lehu mauna. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo Schur, ʻokoʻa ka bullfinch, aloha i nā kaʻina hana wai me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau: ʻōlelo lākou ua ʻike ʻia nā manu e ʻauʻau ana ma ke kau waena o ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi ʻo Schurs i ka noho pio ʻana, akā auē, hōʻole lākou i ka hānau ʻana.
Pōleo poʻo poʻo poʻo
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka manu liʻiliʻi loa (10 cm wale nō) manu ma ʻEulopa a me ka manu kūloko o Lukemapuka. Loaʻa i ka mōʻī i kona inoa i kahi kaula gula i kuhikuhi ʻole ʻia ma ke anapuni, no ka mea he lei aliʻi maoli ia, akā ma ke poʻo. ʻO ke "kalaunu" (ʻalani i ke kāne a me ka melemele i ka wahine) keʻa i ka pāpale ʻeleʻele ma ka lei aliʻi, a ua pau loa i ka ʻōpio.
ʻO ka laulā o nā plumage e like me ka siskin he ʻoliva, a ʻo ke ʻano o ke kino e like me ka warbler he kino spherical, kahi poʻo nui me ka ʻāʻī inconspicuous a me kahi huelo pōkole.
ʻO nā pūnana beetle poʻo melemele i nā ululāʻau coniferous / huikau (a ʻoiai i ka taiga hohonu), a ʻo nā māla a me nā pāka kahi e ulu ai nā spruces kahiko. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he mau manu noho, prone to irregular winter migrations. ʻO ke ala o ke ola e like me nā tits: me lākou pū kekahi ka mōʻī e holoholo ana, e neʻe ana ma ʻō aku o nā palena o nā biotopes pūnana.
Mai ka honua, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia nā lei, no ka mea, mālama kiʻekiʻe ʻia lākou i nā kalaunu. Ma aneʻi e hoʻohuli mau lākou mai kekahi lālā i kekahi lālā, e hōʻike nei i nā ʻano pose, me ke alo o lalo. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka mōʻī a hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi kanaka e pani, ʻaʻole naʻe i ka wā o ka pūnana.
Magpie
He manu kaʻao me ka ʻokoʻa o nā plumage ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi, i hoʻonani ʻia i nā mele, nā kaʻao a me nā mele. Ua like nā kala o nā wahine a me nā kāne, akā naʻe, he ʻokoʻa ka metallic (ʻōmaʻomaʻo / poni) ʻālohilohi o ka huelo e like me ka peahi e lele ana i ka lele. ʻEleʻele ka nuku a me nā wāwae o ka magpie, a uhi keʻokeʻo i kona ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū, poʻohiwi a me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa.
Kaupaona kahi manu makua mai 200 a 300 g me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o 19-22 cm a me kahi huelo a 22-31 cm.
Mālama nā Magpies i nā hui liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa e huddling i nā pūʻulu nui a hiki i 200 poʻe. Nui a lehulehu kēia mau manu hoʻoilo i kekahi mau wahi, akā kākaʻikahi ka nui i nā megacities a me nā kūlanakauhale i nui ka lehulehu.
No ka pūnana, koho pinepine ʻo ia:
- na ululaau coniferous a huikau, ma laila nā kihi;
- na mahinaai a me na ululaau;
- nā kāʻei nahele;
- nāhelehele ulu lāʻau.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo Magpie i nā kuahiwi, kahi e loaʻa ai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.5-2.6 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka wai. Ma ke anuanu, lele ia i nā māla i ʻeli ʻia, nā mahi ʻai a me nā ʻōpala kūlanakauhale.
Tito nui
ʻAʻole wale ka nui loa, akā ʻo nā lāhui lehulehu loa o ka genus tit, i kapa ʻia ʻo bolshak. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia i kahi manu liʻiliʻi i ka nui, akā ʻoi aku ma mua o kona ʻōlinolino o ka plumage - e lele ana kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo o ke alaloa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻōpū melemele ʻōlinolino e kahi "kāʻei" ʻeleʻele mai ka umauma a i ka huelo, pena ʻia nā pāpālina i keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka tit tit nui ma Eurasia, ka Hikina Waena a me ʻAkau komohana komohana. Noho mau kēia mau manu pīhoihoi a ʻeleu hoʻi ma kahi o nā kānaka (i nā māla, nā pā a me nā pāka), a ʻo nā ulu lāʻau hoʻi, nā puʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka tit nui he omnivorous a ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona (ʻoiai ke hānai ʻana i nā keiki) nā meaʻai:
- nā nalo a me nā ʻūhini;
- ʻenuhe a me nā naonao;
- punawelewele a me nā ʻūpā;
- makika a lele;
- sunflower, rai, palaoa, kulina a me nā ʻanoʻano oat;
- nā hua / nā hua o ka birch, linden, maple, elderberry a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
- nā hua liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Bolshaks, ka hapanui o nā kāne, he mau hīmeni maikaʻi a hiki i 40 mau ʻano kani i kā lākou arsenal. Hīmeni lākou i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, e hāmau wale i ka hopena o ke kau a me ka hoʻoilo.
Laki
ʻO kahi manu motley ʻoluʻolu loa me kahi kikoʻi ʻano, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka lele. ʻOi aku ka nani o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoiai ma ka hope ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻohālikelike kala - kahi poʻo ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele a me ka pale maka, melemele, keʻokeʻo, hulu ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻeheu a me kahi kiko melemele o ka huelo e kū kūʻē i ka laulā lehu.
Makemake ʻo Waxwing i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā māla a me nā kumulāʻau, kahi e hōʻea ai nā ʻāpana he ʻumi, nā haneli a me nā kaukani mau manu. ʻO ka meaʻai hoʻoilo nui no ka waxwings ka lehu kuahiwi. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻai nā manu i nā hau hau, nā pūhaka ala, nā ʻelemākia, nā hua bera a me nā hua ʻōpala
Mea nui. Hibernate ʻo Waxworms i kekahi wahi inā waiwai i ka meaʻai. Inā ʻole, ʻauana nā ʻohana manu e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, neʻe mamao loa mai nā wahi pūnana.
ʻO ka ʻilihune o ka ʻohi ʻana o nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale. Manu momona nā manu, a ʻaʻohe manawa o nā hua e ʻeli, ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka laha ʻana o nā mea kanu i ʻai ʻia.
Pueo
Malia paha ʻo ka mea ʻaihue kupaianaha loa mai ke kauoha o nā pueo, nona ka helehelena poʻokela - kahi kino ʻano barela nunui, nā maka ʻalani ʻalani, "pepeiao hulu" (nā hulu kū i luna o nā maka) a me nā pulley motley. Huli ka pueo i kona poʻo 270 kekelē a hiki ke lele mālie ma waena o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pueo ma ka hapanui o Eurasia wale nō, akā ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau hoʻi (a i ka 15th parallel). ʻO kahi manu anuanu maʻamau, manaʻo wiwo ʻole i nā biotopes ʻokoʻa, mai Taiga a i ka wao akua, i kekahi manawa e ʻike ʻia ma nā mahiʻai a me nā pāka o ke kūlanakauhale.
Nui nā makemake o ka aeto aeto pueo a hoʻopili pū i nā vertebrates a me nā invertebrates.
- kiwi;
- lagomorphs;
- weasel;
- keiki a ka ungulate;
- nā hedgehogs, ʻai pinepine ʻia me nā nila;
- hulu;
- iʻa;
- nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians.
ʻAʻole ʻike ka pueo aeto i nā paʻakikī i ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hoʻololi maʻalahi ʻana mai kekahi ʻano a i kekahi ʻē aʻe a ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka waiwai pio.
Aia ka maʻa i ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā pueo aeto ma ka moku Norewana o Rogaland ke nānā aku nei i nā rana mauʻu (a hiki i 45% o ka papaʻai).
He leo nui ko ka pueo a me kahi repertoire waiwai - mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ke kani ʻana i ka uē a me ka ʻakaʻaka. Ma ke ala, haʻi ka hope ʻaʻole hauʻoli ka manu, akā pīhoihoi.
ʻO Jay
ʻO ka manu, ka mea i loaʻa kona inoa mai ka Old Russian verb "e hoʻomālamalama", e wehewehe ana i kona ʻano ola a me nā plumage nani, ke kala beige e hoʻopili ʻia e ka uliuli, keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻeheu. Ke kaupaona nei kahi jay makua ma kahi o 200 g me ka ulu ʻana o 40 knm a ua hoʻonani ʻia me kahi puʻupuʻu perky e ala aʻe ke makaʻala ia.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka nuku ʻoi ikaika no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua paʻakikī, ʻākala a me nā nati. Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi jay e nā mea kanu (nā mānoanoa, nā hua a me nā hua), hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa me nā protein holoholona, e like me:
- nā mea kolo a me nā arachnids;
- invertebrates e like me nā ilo;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- nā moʻo;
- rana;
- hua moa a me nā moa.
He lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ka jay, e uhi kokoke ana i nā mea a pau o ʻEulopa, ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAsia Minor. Noho ka laha i Caucasus, Kina a me Iapana, Mongolia a me Korea, Siberia a me Sakhalin. Noho ʻoluʻolu ʻo Jays i nā ululāʻau (coniferous, deciduous a kāwili ʻia), makemake i nā lāʻau ʻoka. ʻAʻole e makaʻu ka manu mai nā pāka i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia, a me nā nāhelehele kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka maʻamau ma ka hema).
Nutcracker
He walnut ʻo ia mai ka ʻohana corvid. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha mai kahi mamao aku e hiki ke kuhihewa kēia manu 30-centimeter no kahi moa. Kū kokoke, ua hakakā nā lālani manu ʻokoʻa me ka coloration atypical - ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele ke poʻo a me ke kino o ka nutcracker, akā ʻeleʻele, me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo e ʻike ʻia, kahi huina keʻokeʻo a me ka huelo ʻeleʻele. Nawaliwali ka dimorphism moekolohe: ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka wahine / liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku nā kiko blurred i ke kino.
Noho nā Nutcrackers mai Scandinavia a Iapana, e koho ana i nā mānoanoa taiga no ka pūnana ʻana, nā ulu lāʻau pine. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu i nā hau hau ʻino, ʻoiai ke hāʻule ka mahana ma lalo o 40 mau kekelē Celsius.
Ma ka papa nutcracker, nā huahana e like me:
- ʻākala;
- nā ʻanoʻano o nā lāʻau coniferous / deciduous;
- nā hua hazel;
- hua hua;
- invertebrates liʻiliʻi.
Akamai nā mea Nutcrackers, e like me nā corvids āpau: ʻohiʻohi i nā nati, hoʻolei lākou i nā mea i hao ʻia, a mālama pū no kekahi lā ua, e hūnā ana i nā nati i nā lua, ma lalo o nā hale, a i ʻole ke kanu ʻana iā lākou i ka lepo.
I hoʻokahi manawa lawe ka manu i 100 mau hua paina, e waiho ana iā lākou i loko o ka ʻeke hyoid.
Noho hoʻokahi nā Nutcrackers a i ʻole nā ʻohana hipa, e neʻe ana ma kahi mamao aku ke pau nā meaʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻuniona ʻohana a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola.
Pueo keʻokeʻo
ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ke koena o nā pueo e noho ana i ka tundra, a hoʻonohonoho nā wahine o nā laha i nā moʻolelo, e ulu ana a 70 cm a me ke kaupaona ʻana o 2-3.2 kg. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola nā manu no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, a hiki i 30 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi i ka nāhelehele.
He poepoe ke poʻo o ka pueo, ʻo ka plumage, masking ia i waena o ka hau, keʻokeʻo me nā kaha. ʻOi aku ka keʻokeʻo o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka nui o nā kaha like ʻole. Mālamalama nā maka, ʻeleʻele ka nuku me nā hulu-hulu, hele hewa nā hulu ma nā wāwae i "lauoho", hiki i ka ʻūheu a 1.7 m.
ʻO ka pueo hau, ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hapa nomadic species, gravitates into open space, ma ke ʻano he rula, ka tundra, emi pinepine i ka steppe a me ka ululāʻau-tundra.
Noho ma Eurasia, ʻAmelika Hema, Greenland a ma nā mokupuni pākahi o ka Moana Arctic. Ke hoʻonohonoho nei i ka honua, pale i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hopu holoholona - mai ka honua, e noho ana ma kahi puʻu. Mai laila, nānā ʻo ia i nā wahi a puni, a ʻike nei i ka mea pio, lele iā ia, e lele ikaika ana i kona mau ʻeheu i mea e komo ai nā māiʻuwi koʻikoʻi i loko o kona kua.
Aia i loko o ka papa o ka pueo keʻokeʻo kahi mea ola:
- koʻekoʻe, maʻa mau lemmings;
- nā hares a me nā pikas;
- ermines;
- hedgehogs;
- nā kekī a me nā ʻāpala;
- nā papalio;
- iʻa a me ka make.
Pau nā holoholona i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi, pāʻani nui - hali iā ia i ka pūnana a ʻai iā ia, e wāwahi nei i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka koi i kēlā me kēia lā he 4 mau koʻeko. E ʻimi nā pueo ʻo Snowy ma hope o ka wanaʻao a i ke ahiahi ʻana, e lele lele ana mai kā lākou pūnana mai. Ma waho o ka wā hānau, noho hāmau nā pueo hau, akā i kekahi mau manawa ʻū lākou, ʻuā koke, ʻili a ʻū hoʻi.
Nā manu kuhukukū
Hōʻike lākou i ka ʻohana nūnū a noho kokoke i nā kānaka, hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni ka hona, koe wale nō ka Arctic a me ka Antarctic. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā nūnū ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana a me nā pae mai 0.2 a 0.65 kg. ʻOkoʻa nā manu nūnū i ke kala a me nā ʻano plumage - hiki i nā manu ke poni, ka peach a i ʻole nā kala like ʻole, e like me nā ʻoka. I kekahi manawa huki ʻia ka hulu me kahi kumu, ʻōwili a i ʻole hana i kahi ʻano o ka huelo peacock.
ʻO nā manu nūnū, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kaona, he omnivorous kokoke, no ka mea hiki lākou i ka ʻōpala. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi no nā nūnū maoli nā:
- na anoano a me na hua liilii;
- nā hua a me nā hua;
- nā mea kolo.
ʻO ka gastronomic unpretentiousness o nā nūnū e wehewehe ʻia e ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻono - 37 wale nō e kūʻē i ka 10 tausani mau loaʻa i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka.
