ʻO nā mea kolo i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia - kēia poʻo inoa (ma muli o ka anatomy paʻakikī a me ka physiology) i nā crocodiles o kēia manawa, nona ka ʻōnaehana, nā hanu a me nā ʻōnaehana puni e hoʻohālikelike ʻole ʻia.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o Crocodile
Hoʻi ka inoa i ka ʻōlelo Helene kahiko. "Pebble worm" (κρόκη δεῖλος) - ua loaʻa ka mea kolo i kēia inoa no ka like o kāna unahi unahi me nā ʻiliʻili pali kahakai.ʻO nā Crocodiles, ʻano ʻē, ʻaʻole i pili wale i nā ʻohana pili o nā dinosaur, akā ʻo nā manu ola āpau.... I kēia manawa ʻo ka pūʻulu Crocodilia he crocodile maoli, alligators (me nā caimans) a me nā gharials. Loaʻa i nā crocodile maoli he ihu V, ʻoiai he blunt, ʻano U nā ʻano o nā buaya.
Helehelena
Hoʻololi ka nui o nā ana o ka hui. No laila, ulu iki kahi crocodile ihu ākea ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, akā ʻo kekahi mau kānaka o nā crocodiles kiki i piʻi i 7 mau mika a ʻoi. He kino elongated ko Crocodiles, ʻano pālahalaha ʻia a me kahi poʻo nui me ka mux elongated, kau ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī pōkole. Aia nā maka a me nā puka ihu ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo, ma muli o ka hanu maikaʻi ʻana o ka mea kolo a ʻike i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ke kino i ka wai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ka crocodile pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kona hanu a noho ma lalo o ka wai no 2 mau hola me ka piʻi ʻole i luna. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka lolo, ka mea akamai loa ma waena o nā mea kolo.
Hoihoi ia! Ua aʻo kēia holoholona kolo kope anuanu i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kona koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā mākala e pili ana i ka hana e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana i lilo ke kino i mahana ma mua o ke kaiapuni e 5-7 kekelē.
ʻAʻole like me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, nona nā kino i uhi ʻia me nā unahi (liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku paha), ua loaʻa i ka crocodile nā pale horny, ke ʻano a me ka nui e hana i kēlā me kēia kumu. I ka hapanui o nā laha, hoʻoikaika ʻia nā pale me nā pā iwi (subcutaneous) e hui pū me nā iwi o ka iwi poʻo. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa i ka crocodile nā mea kaua i hiki ke kū i nā hoʻouka kūwaho.
ʻO ka huelo hoʻokau, ʻike ʻia pālahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema, lawelawe (ma muli o nā kūlana) ma ke ʻano he ʻenekini, hoʻokele a me kahi thermostat. He mau lālā pōkole ko ka crocodile "pili" i nā ʻaoʻao (ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā holoholona, nona nā wāwae i maʻa mau ma lalo o ke kino). Hōʻike ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka hele ʻana o ka crocodile ke koi ʻia e hele i ka ʻāina.
ʻO ke kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā aka camouflage - ʻeleʻele, ʻoliva ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele pala a hina. I kekahi manawa hānau ʻia nā albinos, akā ʻaʻole ola kēlā mau kānaka i ka nahelehele.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā crocodile e hoʻomau mau nei. 'Speakslelo kekahi e pili ana i ka wā Cretaceous (83.5 miliona mau makahiki), kapa ʻia e kekahi poʻe he helu pālua (150-200 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei). ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kolo i loko o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā predatory a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona wai.
ʻIke ʻo Herpetologists ua mālama ʻia nā crocodiles kokoke i ko lākou ʻano kumu e ko lākou pili ʻana i nā kino wai hou, ʻaʻole i loli iki i nā miliona o nā makahiki i hala. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lā, moe nā mea kolo i loko o ka wai anuanu, ke kolo nei i ka pāpaʻu i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi i ka lā e iho ai i ka lā. I kekahi manawa hāʻawi lākou iā lākou iho i ka nalu a ʻauhe wale me ke au.
Ma ke kahakai, kūpale pinepine nā crocodiles me ka waha o ka waha, i wehewehe ʻia e ka hoʻolilo wela o nā kulu e evaporating mai nā membrane mucous o ka waha waha. Kūlike ka immobility o Crocodile me ka numbness: ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka piʻi ʻana o nā honu a me nā manu i kēia mau "paukū paʻa" me ka makaʻu ʻole.
Hoihoi ia! Aia a kokoke kahi mea pio, hoʻolei ka ʻōpelu i kona kino i mua me ka nalu ikaika o kona huelo a lālau paʻa iā ia me kāna mau ā. Inā lawa ka mea hōʻeha, ʻākoakoa pū nā crocodile kokoke no kahi pāʻina.
Ma kahakai, lohi a piʻo nā holoholona, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā lākou mai ka hele wāwae pinepine ʻana i mau mile mai kā lākou waihona kūmole. Inā ʻaʻohe mea e wikiwiki ana, kolo ana ka crocodile, me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i kona kino mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao a hohola i kona mau wāwae.ʻO ka wikiwiki, waiho ka mea kolo i kona mau wāwae ma lalo o ke kino, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana iā ia ma luna o ka honua... ʻO nā brocodile Nile ʻōpio, ka holo wikiwiki ʻana, a hiki i 12 km i kēlā me kēia hola.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā crocodiles
Ma muli o ka lohi o ka metabolism a me nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi, ola kekahi mau ʻano ʻōpala i nā makahiki 80-120. ʻAʻole ola ka hapa nui i ka make kūlohelohe ma muli o ke kāne nāna i luku iā lākou no ka ʻiʻo (Indochina) a me ka ʻili maikaʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole makaʻi nā koka iā lākou iho i nā kānaka. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā crocodiles i hoʻonui ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke ake o ke koko, ma kekahi mau wahi ʻo nā buaya Nile i manaʻo ʻia he weliweli, akā ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpelu ihu kūmū liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia he mea ʻole loa.
ʻAno Crocodile
I kēia lā, ua wehewehe ʻia he 25 mau ʻano kūpona o kēia manawa, i hui ʻia i ʻohana he 8 a ʻekolu mau ʻohana. ʻO ke kauoha ʻo Crocodilia e komo pū me nā ʻohana aʻe:
- Crocodylidae (15 mauʻano o nā crocodiles maoli);
- Alligatoridae (8 ʻano o ka alligator);
- ʻO Gavialidae (2 ʻano o gavial).
Helu kekahi mau herpetologists i 24 mau laha, haʻi kekahi i nā ʻano he 28.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke ʻia nā Crocodiles ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō o ʻEulopa a me Antarctica, makemake ʻia (e like me nā holoholona thermophilic āpau) nā tropika a me nā subtropics. Hoʻololi ka hapanui i ke ola i ka wai hou a he kakaikahi wale nō (ʻApika ʻūlū, Nile a me nā crocodile ʻAmelika) e hoʻomanawanui i nā brackish, e noho ana i nā muliwai muliwai. ʻAneʻane ka poʻe āpau, koe wale no ka crocodile ʻino, aloha i nā kahawai holo mālie a me nā loko papaʻu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole makaʻu nā crocodile paʻakai i hoʻouka kaua iā Australia a me Oceania e hele i ke kai ākea a me nā kahawai ma waena o nā mokupuni. ʻO kēia mau mea kolo nui e noho ana i nā loko kai a me nā kahawai wai, ʻauʻau pinepine i ke kai ākea, neʻe 600 km mai ke kahakai.
Loaʻa i kā Alligator mississhioensis (Mississippi alligator) nā makemake ponoʻī - makemake ʻo ia i nā kahawai impenetrable.
ʻAiʻai Crocodile
Huli pakahi aku nā ʻōpelu, akā hiki i kekahi mau laha ke kōkua pū e hopu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke apo.
Hoʻouka nā mea kolo makua i nā holoholona nui i hele i ka lua wai, e like me:
- rhino;
- wildebeest;
- zebras;
- buffalo;
- hippos;
- liona;
- ʻelepani (ʻōpio).
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā holoholona ola āpau i ka crocodile i ka ikaika nahu, i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi ʻano niho maʻalea, kahi e pili ai nā niho kiʻekiʻe o luna me nā niho liʻiliʻi o ka iwi ā lalo. Ke pani ʻia ka waha, ʻaʻole hiki ke haki hou iā ia, akā ʻo ka paʻa o ka make he hemahema kekahi: ua hoʻonele ʻia ka crocodile i ka manawa kūpono e nau i ka mea pio, no laila ke ale nei a puni a haehae paha. I ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kupapaʻu, kōkua ʻia ʻo ia e nā neʻe rotational (puni kona axis) i hoʻolālā ʻia e "wehe" i kahi ʻāpana o ka pulp paʻa.
Hoihoi ia! I hoʻokahi manawa, ʻai ka crocodile i ka nui e like me ma kahi o 23% o kona kino iho. Inā ʻai kahi kanaka (he 80 kg kona kaumaha) e like me ka crocodile, pono ʻo ia e ale i kahi 18.5 kg.
Hoʻololi nā mea o ka meaʻai ke ulu a makua, a koe wale nō ka iʻa i kāna paʻa gastronomic mau. Ke ʻōpiopio, ʻai nā mea kolo i nā ʻano invertebrates āpau, e like me nā ilo, nā ʻelala, molluscs a me nā crustacean. Ke ulu nei, hoʻololi lākou i nā amphibians, nā manu a me nā mea kolo. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano he nui i ka cannibalism - nā kanaka makua me ka ʻole o ka lunamanaʻo e ʻai i nā ʻōpio. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā Crocodiles i ke kupapaʻu, e hūnā ana i nā ʻāpana o nā kupapaʻu a hoʻi hou iā lākou ke pala.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He polygamous nā kāne a i ka wā hānau hānau pale lākou i ko lākou ʻāina mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai o nā mea hoʻokūkū. Hoʻopili ka ihu i ka ihu, komo nā crocodiles i nā kaua ikaika.
Wā Incubation
ʻO nā wahine, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻano, hoʻonohonoho i nā paʻa ma nā pāpaʻu (e uhi ana iā lākou me ke one) a kanu paha i kā lākou mau hua i ka lepo, e uhi ana iā lākou me ka honua i hui pū ʻia me ka mauʻu a me nā lau. Ma nā wahi malu, papau ka lua, ma nā wahi lā a hiki i ka hapalua mika ka hohonu... Hoʻopili ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka wahine i ka nui o nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia (mai 10 a 100). ʻO kahi hua manu, e like me ka moa a me ka gose, i ʻūlū ʻia i loko o ka pūpū lime paʻa.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka wahine ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka paʻa, e pale ana iā ia mai nā mea ʻino, a no laila pololi mau. Pili pololei ka wā hoʻopulapula i ke ana wela, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 2-3 mau mahina. Hoʻoholo pū ʻia ka fluctuations i ke kāʻei o ka mahana i ka moekolohe o nā mea kolo i hānau hou ʻia: ma 31-32 ° C, ʻike ʻia nā kāne, ma ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole, ma ke ʻano he nui, nā helu wahine. Hoʻopiʻi nā cubs āpau i ka manawa like.
Hānau
ʻOiai e hoʻāʻo ana e puka i waho o ka hua manu, ʻūlū nā keiki hānau hou, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hōʻailona i ka makuahine. Kokolo ʻo ia i kahi ʻūlū a kōkua i ka poʻe i paʻa e kāpae i ka iwi: no ka mea, lawe ʻo ia i hua manu i kona mau niho a ʻolokaʻa mālie i loko o kona waha. Inā pono, ʻeli pū ka wahine i ka paʻa, kōkua i ka ʻohana e hele i waho, a laila hoʻoili iā ia i kahi wai kokoke loa i ka wai (ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe i ka wai ma o lākou iho).
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole nā crocodile āpau e mālama i nā keiki - mālama ʻole nā gavial wahaheʻe i kā lākou paʻa ʻana a ʻaʻole hoihoi iki lākou i ka hopena o ka ʻōpio.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka reptile toothy ke hōʻeha i ka ʻili lahilahi o nā keiki hānau hou, i kōkua ʻia e nā baroreceptors i kona waha. He mea hoʻomākeʻaka ia, akā i ka wela o nā hopohopo a nā mākua, lālau pinepine ka wahine a huki i nā honu i ka wai, nona nā pūnana kokoke i nā crocodiles. Pēlā e hōʻoia ai kekahi mau honu i ka palekana o kā lākou mau hua.
Ke ulu nei
I ka mua, maʻalahi ka makuahine i ka ʻūlū ʻana o ka pēpē, hoʻonāwaliwali i nā keiki mai nā poʻe makemake maʻi āpau. Akā ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ua haki ka pua i ka pili me ka makuahine, e lūlū ana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka waihona wai. Hoʻopiha ke ola o nā crocodiles i nā mea weliweli e puka mai ana ma waho o nā mea kolo ma waho o nā mea makua o kā lākou lāhui maoli. ʻO ka mahuka ʻana mai nā ʻohana, puʻuhonua nā ʻōpio i nā kahawai o ka muliwai no nā mahina a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! Eia hou, ke emi nei ka helu, a ulu wale nā mākua i kahi mau kenimika wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā he ʻano hoihoi ko nā crocodiles - ulu lākou i ke ola holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻohe o lākou pā hoʻokalakupua hope loa.
Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau hana pale i pale i nā reptile ʻōpio, 80% o lākou e make i nā makahiki mua o ke ola. ʻO ka mea mālama wale nō e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he piʻi wikiwiki i ka ulu ʻana: i nā makahiki 2 mua, ʻaneʻane he ʻekolu. Mākaukau nā Crocodiles e hana hou i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī ma mua o 8-10 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu camouflage, nā niho ʻoi a me ka ʻili keratinized e mālama ʻole i nā crocodiles mai nā ʻenemi... ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka nānā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka makaʻu. Ua aʻo nā liona e moe i ke kakali no nā mea kolo ma ka ʻāina, kahi i hoʻonele ʻia ai lākou i kā lākou maneuverability maʻamau, a hiki i nā hippos iā lākou i loko o ka wai, e nahu ana i ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka hapalua.
Hoʻomanaʻo ka ʻelepani i ko lākou makaʻu i ka wā kamaliʻi, a ke hiki mai ka manawa kūpono, mākaukau lākou e hehi i nā lawehala i ka make. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole kūpale i ka ʻai ʻana i nā crocodile hānau hou a i nā hua crocodile paha, hāʻawi nui i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā crocodiles.
I loko o kēia hana, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea:
- ʻo ke kikonia a me ka ʻona;
- nā kūpale;
- marabou;
- hyenas;
- honu;
- mongoose;
- moʻo moʻo.
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, hoʻolālā pinepine ʻia nā crocodile liʻiliʻi e nā jaguars a me nā anacondas.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻomaka lākou e kamaʻilio nui e pili ana i ka pale o nā crocodiles e ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, i ka wā i hiki aku ai ka nui o kā lākou lawaiʻa honua i 5-7 miliona mau holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻoweliweli i nā lehulehu
Ua lilo ʻo Crocodiles i mea o ka huli holoholona nui (kalepa a me nā haʻuki) ke hoʻomaka koke ka poʻe ʻEulopa e mākaʻikaʻi i nā latitude tropical. Ua hoihoi ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ka ʻili o nā mea kolo, ke ʻano no lākou, ma ke ala, hoʻomau i ko mākou manawa... I ke kakahiaka nui o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua lawe ʻia ka luku ʻia ʻana i mau mea i ka lihi o ka make i hoʻokahi manawa, a ʻo ia kekahi:
- Crocodile Siamese - Thailand;
- Nika crocodile - ʻApelika Hema;
- pelo crocodile a me ka alligator ʻo Misisipi - Mekiko a me ka hema o ʻAmelika.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, no ka laʻana, ua hōʻea ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā alligators o Misisipi i kahi kiko kiʻekiʻe (50 tausani i kēlā me kēia makahiki), ka mea i hoʻowalewale i ke aupuni e hoʻomohala i nā hana pale kuʻuna e hōʻalo i ka make piha o nā laha.
ʻO ka mea hoʻoweliweli ʻelua ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻuluʻulu hōʻuluʻulu o nā hua manu no nā mahiʻai, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, a ʻae ʻia nā ʻōpio e hele i nā ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo. No kēia kumu, no ka laʻana, ua emi loa ka heluna kanaka o ka crocodile Siamese e noho ana ma Lake Tonle Sap (Cambodia).
Mea nui! ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua manu, a hui pū ʻia me ka hopu holoholona nui, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he mea kōkua nui i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā crocodile. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa iā lākou ka luku ʻana i nā wahi noho.
No kēia kumu, aneane nalowale nā gavial Ganges a me ka alligator Kina, a ʻaʻole loaʻa ka lua i nā wahi kuʻuna. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, aia kekahi mau kumu anthropogenic ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā crocodile ma o ka honua, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻohaumia kemikala o nā kino wai a i ʻole ka loli o nā mea kanu i ka palena kai.
No laila, kahi hoʻololi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā savannas ʻApelika e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomālamalama nui ʻana o ka lepo, a no laila, nā paʻa i loko. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka incubation o nā crocodiles Nile: ua hoʻohaunaele ʻia ke ʻano moekolohe o nā holoholona, a ʻo ia ke kumu o kona hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
ʻOiai kahi hiʻohiʻona holomua o nā crocodiles e like me ka hiki ke moena ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā keiki kūpono, i ka hana, huli ʻaoʻao.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole ulu wale ʻo Hybrids, akā hōʻike pū kekahi i ke ahonui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ko lākou mau mākua, akā naʻe, he manuahi kēia mau holoholona i nā hanauna mua / e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka maʻa mau nā crocodiles ʻē i loko o nā wai kūloko mahalo i nā mahiʻai: ma aneʻi e hoʻomaka nā malihini e hoʻokūkū me nā ʻōiwi, a laila hoʻopau loa iā lākou ma muli o ka hybridization. Ua hiki ʻia i ka crocodile Cuban, a i kēia manawa ke hoʻouka ʻia nei ka crocodile New Guinea.
Ka hopena ma nā kaiaola
ʻO kahi laʻana kūpanaha ke kūlana me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka malaria ma ʻApelika Hema... ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻānai loa ʻia nā crocodiles o Nile i ka ʻāina, a ma hope iki ua kū lākou i ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi malaria. Ua maʻalahi ke kaulahao. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā crocodiles i ka helu o nā cichlids, kahi e hānai nui nei i nā iʻa carp. ʻO ka mea hope loa, e ʻai ikaika i nā pupae mosquito a me nā larvae.
I ka pau ʻana o nā crocodiles e hoʻoweliweli i nā cichlids, hoʻomāhuahua lākou a ʻai i nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi, a ma hope o ka nui o nā makika e hāpai ana i ka pathogen malaria i hoʻonui nui ʻia. Ma hope o ke kālailai ʻana i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana kaiaola (a me ka lele ʻana o ka helu malaria), ua hoʻomaka nā luna o ʻApelika Hema e hoʻoulu a hoʻokomo hou i nā kolo Nile: a laila ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i loko o nā kino wai, kahi i hoʻokokoke aku ai ka nui o nā mea i kahi pae koʻikoʻi.
Nā hana palekana
I ka pau ʻana o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ʻo nā mea ola āpau, koe wale no ka caiman Schneider poʻo ʻoluʻolu, ka caiman helehelena a me Osteolaemus tetraspis osbornii (kahi ʻāpana o ka crocodile kūpilikiʻi), i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka IUCN Red List ma lalo o nā mahele end "endangered", ΙΙΙ "palupalu" a ΙV "rare".
I kēia lā ua paʻakikī ʻole ka loli. Ua kāpae ʻo Lucky wale nō ka alligator ma muli o ke aloha... Eia hou, ʻo Crocodile Specialist Group, kahi hui kūwaho e hoʻohana ana i nā loea multidisciplinary, mālama i ka mālama a me ka ulu ʻana o nā crocodiles.
Na ke CSG ke kuleana:
- ke aʻo a me ka pale ʻana o nā crocodiles;
- ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā mea kolo hihiu;
- 'ōlelo aʻoaʻo i nā kahu hānai / mahiʻai koka;
- ninaninau i na lehulehu maoli;
- mālama ʻana i nā ʻaha kūkā;
- ka paʻi ʻana o ka makasina Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā crocodile āpau i nā hoʻohui hoʻohui o ka Wakinekona Wakinekona no ka International Trade in Endangered Spies of Wild Flora a me Fauna. Hoʻoponopono ka palapala i ka lawe ʻana o nā holoholona ma nā palena o ka mokuʻāina.
