Leopadi (lat. Animal kekahi o nā ʻelele i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia o ka genus Pantherа mai ka subfamily o nā pōpoki nui.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka leopadi
ʻO nā leopadi āpau ka nui o nā pōpoki, akā naʻe, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia ka nui ma mua o nā tigika a me nā liona.... Wahi a nā ʻike a ka poʻe loea, ʻo ka leopadi kāne mākua awelika ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka nui o ka wahine makua.
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻO ka Leopards he elongated, muscular, kahi i kaomi ʻia ma hope, kukui a lahilahi ke kino, maʻalahi loa. ʻOi aku ka huelo i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Pōkole nā wāwae o Leopard, akā ulu maikaʻi a ikaika hoʻi, ikaika loa. Mālamalama nā kui, waxy, kaomi i hope a hāwili ikaika. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka holoholona, poepoe kona ʻano. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o mua he convex, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo e hoʻonui liʻiliʻi ʻia. Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao i ka nui, poepoe, me kahi hoʻonohonoho ākea. Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā maka, me kahi haumāna puni. ʻO Vibrissae ke nānā aku e like me nā lauoho lahilahi o ke kala ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a me keʻokeʻo, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona a me kona kaupaona e loli iki a hilinaʻi pono i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina i ka wahi o ka noho. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā leopadi ululāʻau ma mua o nā leopadi ma nā wahi ākea. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua me ka ʻole o ka huelo ʻo 0.9-1.9 ka m, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma waena o 0.6-1.1 m. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi wahine makua 32-65 kg, a ʻo kahi kāne he 60-75 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kāne ma kahi maloʻo he 50-78 cm, a ʻo ka wahine - 45-48 cm. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe e like me ia, no laila, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa wahine e ka nui o kēlā me kēia a me ka maʻalahi i ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo.
ʻO ka hulu pili a pulu liʻiliʻi hoʻi o ka holoholona he mea like i ka lōʻihi ma ke kino āpau, a ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nani a i nā hau hoʻoilo. ʻOhaʻu ka pale, mānoanoa a pōkole hoʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kauwela a me ka hulu hoʻoilo he ʻokoʻa iki i nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka pale o ka hulu o ka hoʻoilo i ka hulu hoʻoilo a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kala kau wela. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka leo laulā o ka hulu hulu i nā ʻano mea like ʻole mai ka mauʻu pale a me nā hina i nā kala brown. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kikowaena o ʻAkia Waena i one-hina hina i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me nā ʻāpana ʻĀina Hikina ʻulaʻula-melemele. ʻO nā leopadi muli loa ka māmā o ke kala.
ʻO ke kala o ka hulu, he mea loli e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻāina a me nā ʻano pākahi, e loli hoʻi e pili ana i ke kau. E hoʻomaopopo ia i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka maka o ka leopadi ʻaʻohe ona kiko, a he mau kaha liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka vibrissae. Ma nā papalina, ma ka lae, ma waena o nā maka a me nā pepeiao, ma ka ʻaoʻao luna a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, aia nā kiko, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi.
Aia kekahi kala ʻeleʻele ma ka hope o nā pepeiao. Aia nā kiko Annular i ka hope a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka holoholona, a ma luna hoʻi o nā poʻohiwi a ma nā ʻūhā. Ua uhi ʻia nā wāwae a me ka ʻōpū o ka leopadi me nā kiko paʻa, a ua hoʻonani ʻia nā ʻaoʻao luna a me lalo o ka huelo me ke apo nui a i ʻole nā kiko paʻa. ʻO ke ʻano a me ke kekelē o ka ʻike ʻana he loli nui a kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia mea ʻiʻo holoholona mammal.
ʻO nā leopadi melanistic i loaʻa ma Asia Hikina i kapa mau ʻia ʻo "panther ʻeleʻele". ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele loa ka ʻili o ia holoholona, akā ʻo ia ʻano huluhulu ʻeleʻele he ʻano hoʻopunipuni maikaʻi loa ia no ka holoholona i loko o nā ulu lāʻau ulu. ʻO ka gen recessive kuleana no ka melanism e ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā leopadi mauna a me nā ululāʻau.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā kānaka me ke kala ʻeleʻele ke hānau ʻia i loko o ka brood like me nā keiki i loaʻa ke kala maʻamau, akā he panther ia, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻike ʻia e ka hakakā a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona.
Ma ka panalāʻau o ka Peninsula Malay, ke kū ʻana o ke kala ʻeleʻele ke ʻano o ka hapalua o nā leopadi āpau. ʻAʻole kūpono ka piha ʻole a i ʻole pseudo-melanism i nā leopadi, a ʻo nā kiko ʻeleʻele i loaʻa i kēia hihia ua lilo i ākea loa, ʻaneʻane hui pū kekahi me kekahi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā Leopadi he mau māmalu huna malū a mehameha.... Hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke noho ma nā wahi mamao wale nō, akā ʻaʻole mamao aku hoʻi mai ka nohona kanaka. ʻO nā kāne o ka leopadi kahi mea nui o ko lākou ola, a hele pū nā wahine me kā lākou mau keiki no ka hapalua o ko lākou ola. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka panalāʻau pākahi. Noho pinepine ka wahine i kahi o 10-290 km2, a hiki i ka palena o ke kāne he 18-1140 km2... ʻO nā wahi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia manawa o nā kāne heterosexual e hāhule nei.
I mea e hōʻike ai i kona noho ʻana i ka panalāʻau, hoʻohana ka mammal predatory i nā kaha like ʻole i ke ʻano o ka hemo ʻana i ka lāʻau ma luna o ka honua a i ʻole ka pā hau. Me ka mimi a me ka lepo paha, nā leopadi e kaha i nā wahi hoʻomaha a i nā hale noho kūikawā paha. Noho mau ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino, a ʻo kekahi, ʻo ke keiki kāne muli loa hoʻi, ʻauana pinepine lākou. Hana nā leopadi i kā lākou hoʻololi ma nā ala maʻamau. I nā ʻāina mauna, neʻe nā mea hōkū ma nā kualono a ma kahi moe o ke kahawai, a lanakila ʻia nā mea kūpale i ka wai e nā mea kanu i hāʻule.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole hiki i ka leopadi ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau ke kōkua wale i ka holoholona e kiʻi i ka meaʻai, akā ʻae ʻia ia e hoʻomaha i nā lālā i nā lā wela, a e peʻe hoʻi mai nā mea ʻino nui o ka honua.
Aia ka lua o ka leopadi ma nā pali, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka holoholona me ka nani o ka ʻike o nā wahi a puni.... No ka puʻuhonua, hoʻohana nā mea māmala i nā ana, a me nā lua o ke aʻa i nā kumulāʻau, nā mea kau pōhaku a me nā ʻūlili makani, nā lua pōhaku nui. Hiki ke pani ʻia kahi ʻanuʻu mālie me kahi ʻanuʻu māmā a me ka nani e ka neʻe o ka predator, a ʻo ka wikiwiki i ka holo ʻana he 60 km / h. Hiki i nā Leopadi ke hana i nā lele nui a i ʻeono a i ʻehiku mau mika ka lōʻihi a i ʻekolu mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, maikaʻi kēlā mau mea ʻino ma ka ʻauʻau ʻana, a inā pono, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma luna o nā ālai wai paʻakikī.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka leopadi
ʻO ke ola awelika o ka leopadi i ka nahelehele i hiki i nā makahiki he ʻumi, a i loko o ke pio ʻana e like me kahi ʻelele o nā mammal predatory mai ka ʻohana Feline hiki ke noho a hala ʻelua mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia he kaʻawale loa ia ma kahi o ʻeiwa ʻāpana o nā leopadi, ʻokoʻa i kā lākou āpau a me kahi e noho ai. Noho nā leopadi ʻApelika (Panthera parardus rardus) ma ʻApelika, kahi a lākou e noho ai ʻaʻole wale i nā nāhelehele pulu o nā wahi waena, akā i nā kuahiwi, nā semi-desert a me nā savannas mai ka Cape of Good Hope a hiki i Morocco. Hōʻalo nā Predators i nā wahi maloʻo a me nā wao akua nui, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa i ka Sahara.
ʻO nā lopiona ʻĀina Leopadi ʻĀnia (Panthera parardus fusca) e noho nei ma Nepal a me Bhutan, Bangladesh a me Pakistan, ka hema o Kina a me ka ʻākau o India. Loaʻa ia i nā ulu lāʻau tropical a deciduous, ma nā ʻāpana ulu lāʻau coniferous ʻākau. Noho wale nā leopadi Ceylon (Panthera pardus kotiya) ma ka mokupuni o Sri Lanka, a ʻo nā subspecies o Kina ʻĀkau (Panthera pardus jaronensis) noho ma ka ʻākau o Kina.
ʻO ka mahele o ka leopard o ka Hikina Hikina a ʻo Amur paha (ʻo Pantherа pardus orientalis) ka mea i koho ʻia e nā panalāʻau o Lūkia, Kina a me ka Penikena Kōlea, a me ka heluna kanaka o ka leopadi Central Asia e hopohopo ʻia (Pantherа pardus ciscaucasica) ma ʻIlana a me Afghanistan, Turkmenistan a me Azerbaijan, ma Abkhazia a me Armenia, Georgia a me Turkey, Pakistan. , a ma ka Caucasus ʻĀkau hoʻi. Noho ka leopadi ʻAlapia Hema (Pantherа pardus nimr) i ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia.
Mea ʻai Leopadi
ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o ka genus Panther a me Leopard he mau mea ʻaihue maʻamau, a ʻo kā lākou papaʻai pū kekahi me nā ungulate i ke ʻano o nā antelope, dia a me nā dia. I loko o nā manawa o ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki i nā māmela karnivorous ke hoʻololi i nā ʻōpala, nā manu, nā ʻīlio a me nā mea kolo. I kekahi mau makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻeha leopadi i nā holoholona a me nā ʻīlio.
Mea nui! Me ka hoʻohaunaele ʻole ʻia e nā kānaka, ʻaʻohe pinepine nā leopadi i nā kānaka. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia kēlā mau hihia i ka wā e kū ai kahi mea ʻeha ʻeha i kahi mea ʻimi holoholona i hoʻokokoke ʻole.
Lilo pinepine nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻalopeke i nā mea ʻai nui, a inā pono, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā leopadi i ke kupapaʻu a hiki ke ʻaihue i nā mea pio mai kekahi mau holoholona ʻinoʻino ʻē aʻe. E like me nā ʻano pōpoki nui ʻē aʻe, makemake nā leopadi e alualu wale, e kakali ana i kā lākou mea pio i ka hoʻohālua a i ʻole ke kolo ʻana iā ia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma nā panalāʻau o nā wahi hema o ka noho ʻana, hiki i nā ʻāpana leopadi ke hoʻohua i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.... Ma ka Hikina Hema, hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka estrus i nā makahiki he 10 i hala o ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo.
Me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, hele pū ka wā hānau o nā leopadi me ka leo nui o nā kāne a me nā hakakā lehulehu o nā kānaka oʻo.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻoulu a ulu ulu nā leopadi ʻōpio ma mua o nā keiki, no laila hiki lākou i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka moekolohe ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka makahiki, akā ua oʻo nā wahine i ka moekolohe ma mua iki o ka leopadi kāne.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hāpai wahine ʻekolu mau mahina o ka wahine i ka hopena o ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau keiki paha. I nā kūlana kūikawā, hānau ʻia ʻekolu pēpē. Makapō a pale ʻole ʻole nā keiki hānau hou. Ma ke ʻano he den, hoʻohana nā leopadi i nā kaha a me nā ana, a me nā lua o ka lawa kūpono, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o ke kumu aʻa o nā lāʻau.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā Wolves, nā mea aloha a nui a me nā mea ʻaihue nui, hoʻoweliweli nui i nā leopadi, keu hoʻi i nā wahi me ka lawa ʻole o nā kumu lāʻau. Aia nā hakakā me nā bea, nā liona a me nā tigika, a me nā hyenas hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā leopadi ke kāne.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana leopadi e emi mau nei, a ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui o ka hoʻopau ʻia o ka predator kahi hoʻololi i nā wahi kūlohelohe a me ka hōʻemi kūpono o ka lako o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā subspecies o ka leopadi Javan (Panthera rardus melas), e noho ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Java (Indonesia), ke kū nei i kēia manawa i ka make.
ʻO nā lālani ʻaneʻane i kēia lā pū kekahi me ka leopadi Ceylon (Panthera rardus kotiya), nā subspecies East Siberian a i ʻole Manchurian leopard (Panthera rardus orientalis), ka leopadi Near East (Panthera rardus cisauvidus naravansa) a me ka Pākīpika Hema.
