Kuhi ʻia kēia manu kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa ma ka ʻohana falcon. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nūnū, he predator nō naʻe ia, he exterminator ʻino o nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo nui. ʻO "kobchik" ka inoa o kēia mini falcon. Akā aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - "falcon wawae ʻulaʻula", mahalo i ka "ʻalani" ʻalani a me nā paws o ke kala ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.
Ma muli o kona mau helehelena ʻokoʻa, mahalo ʻia kēia manu mystical e nā kahuna pule pagan. A ʻo nā makaʻāinana mai ka wā kahiko ua hoʻomālie i nā kobchiks e kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā mea kanu mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā ʻūhini a me nā mea ahulau ahupuaʻa ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike kobchik
ʻO Kobchik kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka ʻohana falcon, ʻoiai ua huikau pinepine ʻia me ka falcon a me ka kestrel. ʻAno like ke kala a me nā kaulike. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka nui wale nō. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kobchik i kona mau hoahānau, ma ka nui o ke kino a me nā ʻēheu.
Hoihoi ia! Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka manu "kobchik" mai ka huaʻōlelo Lūkia "kobets". Ma lalo o kēia kumumanaʻo, ua hoʻohui nā falconers i nā falcon huli holoholona liʻiliʻi a pau. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua neʻe ka inoa Lūkia kahiko no ka manu i kekahi mau kānaka Slavic a pau a ua pau hoʻi i ʻEulopa. ʻO ka inoa ʻano Palani no kēia falcon liʻiliʻi ʻo "kobez".
Helehelena
ʻAʻole kaupaona ka fawn pēpē ma mua o 200 gram, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 34 cm a kaena i nā ʻēheu o 75 cm wale nō. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne o kēia ʻano falcon ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka nuku o ka falcon kahi ʻano o kahi manu manu lele - lou ʻia, akā pōkole a ikaika ʻole e like me ko nā kaikunāne o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā manamana wāwae i ka ikaika a me ka mana, ua liʻiliʻi nā māiʻuʻu.
Aia kahi kamaʻilio kūikawā e pili ana i ka plumage. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole paʻakikī i ka falcon kāne e like me, ma ka laʻana, i ka gyrfalcon a i ʻole peregrine falcon a loaʻa iā ia kahi "kūkulu" looser. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole pili ke kala o kēia manu i ka wahine wale nō, akā i ka makahiki. No laila, he ʻūlū melemele nā pōpoki kāne ʻōpio. Huli lākou i ʻalani (i nā wahine) a ʻulaʻula (i nā kāne) ke lilo ka manu i makua. Pouli pū ka nuku me ka makahiki, huli mai hina-polū i ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā kāne o ka fawn e "ʻaʻahu" ʻoi aku ka nani ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka hulu hina-ʻeleʻele lākou, me nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻōpū ʻalani alohilohi a me nā "lole wāwae". Ua hoʻonele ʻia nā wahine i ka "trousers" mālamalama. ʻO kā lākou plumage ʻeleʻele kūlike me nā blotches variegated ma ke kua, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo. Hoʻomeʻale wale ka kūlohelohe iā ia iho me nā "antennae" ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi kokoke i ka nuku.
Mea nui! ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka fawn kāne - Amur - ʻike ʻia e nā kala māmā o ka plumage a me nā "papalina" keʻokeʻo nani.
Auila
ʻO ka falcon liʻiliʻi - he nui nā hiʻohiʻona o ka fawn e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe.
He manu nohona ʻo Kobchik, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau no ka falconry... ʻAʻohe o kēia mau manu e noho, ma ka hapa nui i nā kolone, ʻoi aku ka nui - a i 100 mau pālua. Akā ʻo kēia kahi e pau ai ka "launa ʻana" o nā pōpoki kāne. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe e noho ana i nā ʻohana hipa, ʻaʻole pili nā moa ʻulaʻula i nā pīpī a i ka pūnana, ʻoiai ua ulu lākou i ke ʻano o ke kuleana i ka "hoa" nāna i hua ʻai.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā ʻalopeke i nā pūnana... ʻAʻole kūkulu kēia mau falcon liʻiliʻi. Me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i nā hana kūkulu, makemake lākou e noho i nā pūnana o haʻi. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka haʻalele ʻia ʻana o nā rook a i ʻole ka ale ʻana i nā pūnana, nā ʻaka, nā muria. Inā ʻaʻohe, a laila, ma ke ʻano he home no ke kau, hiki i ka fawn kāne ke koho i kahi lua a i lua paha.
He manu neʻe nā ʻalopeke... Ua hōʻea lākou i ka wahi hoʻomoana - i Mei a i ka pō o ke anuanu, i ʻAukake hoʻi, hoʻi i nā wahi mehana - no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka wā hānau hānau o nā moa moa ʻulaʻula pili loa i ka wā hānau o kā lākou meaʻai nui - nā ʻūhini a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe.
Kobchiks - nā mea huli holoholona lā... I ka pō, i ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole lākou e alualu i ke kūʻē i ko lākou inoa kikoʻī ʻo "vespertinus", i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latina ma ke ʻano he "ahiahi". Hoʻomaka ka hana o nā falcons liʻiliʻi i ka puka ʻana o ka lā a hoʻopau i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā.
Nānā nā ʻalopeke no ka mea pio mai ka lewa. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka pahuhopu, hoʻomaka lākou e lele i nā ʻēheu me ka ikaika, e hana ana i ka hopena o ke kau ʻana i kahi hoʻokahi. A laila hāʻule ka peʻa hulu e like me ka pōhaku a hopu i ka mea pio. Inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka pahuhopu i nā wāwae i ka manawa mua, alualu ka manu iā ia, e paʻa ana i ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! No ka ʻimi holoholona, pono ka felines i kahi nānā maikaʻi, no laila makemake lākou e noho i ka ʻanuʻu a i ʻole nā wahi pohopoho, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, e pale ana i nā ululāʻau paʻa, nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau.
Makemake nā ʻalopeke e lele... ʻO kēia nā manu lele, ʻoiai ka wikiwiki o ka lele he haʻahaʻa lākou i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ko lākou ʻohana - peregrine falcons, merlin, hobby. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana lele lele. He kūlana maikaʻi loa kēia; inā ʻaʻole ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka manu ke lele i ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻāina mehana.
I ka wā kahiko, ke hoʻowalewale nei i ka manu, kaupalena ka poʻe i ke kuko o ka manu no ka lele ʻana ma ke ʻoki ʻana i kona mau ʻeheu.
He koa ʻo Kobchiks... ʻAʻole pale ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kēia manu mai ka hakakā ʻana me ka herona i mea e lilo ai kāna pūnana. A hiki i kēia keiki impudent ke komo hewa i ka pūnana o ka lupe ke ʻole ka mea nāna ma laila.
Wā ola
I ka nahelehele, ʻo ka awelika o ke awelika kāne i kaupalena ʻia i 12-15 mau makahiki... I ka pio ʻana, hoʻonui ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola i 20 a 25 mau makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ʻApelika, hana maʻalahi ʻia nā felines, e hana mālie i kā lākou hipa ponoʻī, ʻaʻole lele lele a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo weliweli I kēlā mau hihia, mālama nā pōpoki "home" i 15 a 18 mau makahiki me ka pilikia ʻole.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana pūnana o ka manu ʻulaʻula ka wāwae. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia falcon liʻiliʻi ma ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina hikina. Lele ka manu i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻApelika a i ka hema paha o ʻAsia. Ke koho ʻana i nā wahi noho, makemake ka kāne wāwae ʻulaʻula i ka nahele-ʻāpana a me nā kūwāhi o ka mauna. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke kiʻekiʻe o ka falcon. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau manu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai.
ʻO ka nohona o ka falcon wawae ʻulaʻula i ke komohana a hōʻea i ka ipu akau o ka Lena tributary Vilyui, ma ka hikina - a i nā kapakai o Lake Baikal. Noho ka lehulehu o nā mini-falcons ma Ukraine, Rusia a me Kazakhstan. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau pōpoki wāwae wāwae ʻulaʻula ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau.
ʻAiʻai Kobchik
ʻO ka ration meaʻai nui o ka fox kāne kāne ka mea i māʻona me nā protein pono - nā pīpī, nā dragonflies, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūhini. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ia mau mea, hoʻololi ka mini-falcon i kāna hāmeʻa i ka pāʻani nui - nāʻiole vole, nā moʻo liʻiliʻi, nā moʻo a me nā manu hoʻi - nā manu ʻio, nā nūnū.
Mea nui! Hāpai ka poʻe i nā felines ʻaʻole wale no ka mea he exterminators hana lākou o nā pepeke hōʻino. ʻO nā pōpoki kāne, ke kiaʻi nei i ko lākou wahi e hānai ai, mai hoʻokuʻu i nā manu hoʻokūkū kokoke iā ia, hiki ke huki i nā mea kanu.
I ka pio ʻana, he omnivorous nā manu kāne kāne. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke hānai ʻia lākou ʻaʻole wale ka ʻiʻo maka a me ke ake, akā ʻo ka sausage hoʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia manu. Akā, ʻoiai kēia, ke emi nei ka helu o nā felines i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka mini-falcon e kekahi kanaka me kāna hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka kāohi ʻole ʻia o nā pesticides no ka hana ʻana i nā māla mahiʻai. ʻAʻole wale nā pepelu weliweli e make, akā ʻo nā mini-falcon hoʻi, kahi e ʻai nui iā lākou.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua hōʻea nā ʻalopeke i nā wahi pūnana i ka hopena o ʻApelila, i ka hoʻomaka o Mei me hoʻokahi kumu - e haʻalele i nā keiki... E iho lākou i ka ʻoihana me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole ke hōʻea lākou i kahi. Pōkole ke kau moʻo - he mau hulahula o ke kāne i mua o ka wahine e ʻumeʻume ai i kona manaʻo, a ke noho nei ʻo ia ma luna o nā hua. Loaʻa i ka paʻa o kahi moa kāne i 5-7 mau hua. Nā hua moa e kūlike i ka manu - liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua i hoʻokahi mahina - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, ma ke ʻano he rula, hānau ʻia nā moa wāwae ʻulaʻula.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hua manu ke kāne a wahine hoʻi, e hoʻololi i nā hana. ʻOiai pale kekahi i nā keiki e hiki mai ana, loaʻa ka ʻai i kekahi.
Ulu a ulu makua nā moa Falcon. Hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana - i ka waena o Iulai - ua ala lākou i ka ʻēheu a haʻalele i ka pūnana makua. Lawe ʻia lākou i ʻelua pule e hilinaʻi i kā lākou hiki ke ʻimi holoholona a me ke akamai i ka lele ʻana. ʻAʻole lele mamao nā moa i kēia manawa mai ka pūnana makua, a hānai nā mākua iā lākou. Akā ma ka waena o ʻAukake, ua hoʻomaka nā hoʻomākaukau koʻikoʻi no ka lele lōʻihi i ka wā hoʻoilo. Haʻalele ka ʻohana i ka pūnaewele pūnana i ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa i ka hope loa. A i kēia manawa, piha nā ʻōpio makua a kūʻokoʻa i lālā o ka ʻūlū.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻIke ʻia ka manu wāwae wāwae ʻulaʻula ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ʻole a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana NT, ʻo ia hoʻi "kokoke i ke kūlana hoʻoweliweli". I Lūkia, aia ka fawn i loko o ka hoʻohui o ka puke ʻula o ka Russian Federation, ʻo ia hoʻi, pāpā ʻia ma ke kānāwai no ka ʻimi holoholona.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau mālama i loko o Rūsia kahi e noho ai nā manu ʻulaʻula - Nizhne-Svirsky, Sokhondinsky, "Arkaim" mālama, etc.
Pono kēia mini falcon i ka pale koʻikoʻi e kāpae i ka heluna kanaka e iho wikiwiki nei... Koi ʻia ke kanaka, ma ke ʻano liʻiliʻi, e streamline i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kemika ʻino i ka hana ʻana i kāna mea kanu a, ma ke ʻano he maximum, e hoʻomaka e hana i nā waihona micro i loko o nā wahi pūnana o ka falcon ʻulaʻula. Koi pū ka poʻe loea i ka waiwai o ka mālama ʻana i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe e ulu ana i nā wahi noho o kēia manu - i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā awāwa o ka muliwai.
