ʻO Crossbones (Loxia) nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka ʻohana o nā finches (Fringillidae) a me ke kauoha o passerines (Passeriformes). I ka poʻe he nui, ua ʻike nui ʻia kahi manu maʻamau i ko mākou ʻāina ma lalo o ka inoa ʻano ʻole "ʻĀkau ʻākau".
Hōʻike a me nā helehelena
No nā manu nā ʻano crossbills āpau mai ke kaʻina o nā passerines, a like ko lākou kino i ʻano like me nā manu liʻiliʻi, akā nui iki aʻe ma mua o lākou.... ʻO ka huelo o kahi manu e like me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, me kahi ʻoki maikaʻi loa. Nui ʻē ke poʻo. Hiki i nā paws ikaika a paʻa hoʻi i ka manu ke hoʻopili maʻalahi i nā lālā lāʻau, a kau i luna i lalo no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO ke kala o ka plumage o ke keʻa kāne kāne nani loa a ʻoliʻoli - raspberry ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Ma ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa o ka manu, aia nā kaha o ke kala keʻokeʻo hina. Akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka plumage o nā wahine, i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hina hina a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hulu. Loaʻa i nā crossbills ʻōpio kahi waihoʻoluʻu hina hinuhinu a me nā specks nunui.
Kaulana ka nuku crossbill, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lalo a me ka luna o ka nuku e ʻaneʻane hoʻopili aku kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i mea hana ikaika loa no ka ʻohi maʻalahi ʻana i nā hua mai nā unahi ʻōpuʻu paʻa paʻa.
Nā ʻano o nā crossbills
I kēia lā, ʻeono mauʻano o ke keʻa e aʻo maikaʻi a maʻamau.
- ʻo spruce crossbill a maʻamau (Lokhia curvirostra) kahi manu mele. He ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha nā kāne i ka nui a me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahine e ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hulu. Hinahina ka manu ʻōpio, me nā mottle, a he plumage ʻalani-melemele nā kāne o ka makahiki mua. ʻAʻole mānoanoa ka pila, elongated, emi curved, keʻa iki. Ua lawa ka poʻo;
- ʻO ka pine crossbill (Lokhia pytyorsittacus) kahi ulu lāʻau, kahi songbird nui me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 16-18 cm a me kahi ʻano o ka plumage. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa nui e ka nuku nui loa, nona ka mandible mānoanoa a me ka mandible luna. Pākuʻi ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka nuku. Hīmeni pū nā wahine o kēia laha, akā ʻoi aku ka mālie a me ka like pū;
- ʻo ke keʻa keʻokeʻo ʻēheu keʻokeʻo (Lohia leuсotera) kahi melebird mele waena, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 14-16cm. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano e ka dimorphism moekolohe i haʻi ʻia. He hulu melemele ko ka wahine, ʻoiai he hulu ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha nā kāne. ʻEleʻele nā ʻeheu me kahi mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- ʻO ka crossbill Scottish (Lochia sotica) wale nō ka hopena ma UK. ʻO kahi manu waena me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 15-17 cm me ka awelika o 50 g. Hoʻopā ʻia nā nuku o luna a me lalo.
Eia kekahi, ʻo Lohia megaplaga Riley a i ʻole Spanish crossbill, a me Lohia sibiris Pallas a i ʻole Siberian crossbill.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
Noho nā kahawai kahawai Spruce i nā wahi ulu lāʻau coniferous ma ʻEulopa, a ʻo ʻAkau-ʻĀkau o ʻApelika, ka ʻākau a me ke kikowaena o ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika, ʻo Pilipine a me nā ʻāina o ka Soviet Union ma mua. Makemake i nā coniferous a kāwili ʻia, ʻo ka ulu lāʻau pinepine.
Noho ʻo Pine crossbill i nā ululāʻau lāʻau coniferous... Nā pūnana i nā helu he nui ma Scandinavia a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o ʻEulopa. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia ʻano ma mua o ka spruce crossbill. ʻO ka wahi noho o ka crossbill eheu keʻokeʻo ka taiga Lūkini, Scandinavia a me ʻAmelika Hema. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano i ka makemake i nā wahi nahele me ka nui o ka larch.
ʻO ka nohona Crossbill
ʻO Klest kahi diurnal, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, ʻo ka nimble a me kahi manu nahele. Lele wikiwiki nā mākua, e hoʻohana ana i kahi ala hele wavy i ka lele. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka crossbill kona nohona nomadic. Lele pinepine nā holoholona mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi wahi hua hou aʻe.
Hoihoi ia!No nā manu nahele ʻo Klest o ka mahele rarity ʻelua, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book o Moscow.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka crossbill, e like me ia, ʻaʻole i hele mai, ma muli o ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o nā hua coniferous no ka meaʻai. ʻO ka manu, no laila, i ke kaʻina o ke ola "embalms" iā ia iho, no laila ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ia mau manu e lilo i mea ʻono ʻole, ʻawaʻawa loa, hoihoi ʻole loa i kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue. Ma hope o ka make ʻaʻole e pala ka crossbill, akā mummified ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka resin i loko o ke kino.
Meaʻai, crossbill meaʻai
ʻO nā iwi iwi kea i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano meaʻai i loea loa. Loaʻa i nā ʻano āpau kahi mandible curved curved, kahi e intersect me ka mandible, no laila ke kumu o ka papaʻai he ʻanoʻano i loko o nā cones o nā lāʻau coniferous.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, hoʻonui pinepine ka crossbill i nā ʻanoʻano pua sunflower. He mea kākaʻikahi loa ka manu o kēia ʻano ke ʻai i nā ʻelala, ma ke ʻano he aphids.
Hoihoi ia!I ke kauwela, i ke alo o kahi waihona meaʻai palena palena, hiki i nā crossbills ke kī i nā hua ma nā mauʻu hihiu, a i kekahi mau makahiki hiki i nā ʻohana o ia mau manu ke hoʻopōʻino nui i nā kanu o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā crossbills
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka waena waena o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo nā crossbills, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hoʻomaka i ka hana pūnana i Malaki. ʻIke ʻia ka pūnana i nā makahiki he umi i hala o ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kau mua, me ka ʻohi like ʻana o ka larch a me ka pine. I ka hoʻoilo, mai Kēkēmapa a Malaki, hana nā manu i nā pūnana i nā wahi me nā hua kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻAneʻane hiki i nā ʻano laha ke hana hou me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau.
Hoʻonohonoho nā manu i nā pūnana i ka lei kalaunu o nā lāʻau coniferous, pinepine ma nā lāʻau Kalikimaka a emi iki hoʻi ma nā pine, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-10 m mai ka pae honua.... Hana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao waho holoʻokoʻa o ka pūnana me nā lālā spruce lahilahi, a hoʻomoe ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i loko me nā lālā lahilahi loa, ka limu a me ka laikini. ʻO ka ʻōpala o ka pā ma ka pūnana i hoʻopau ʻia e hōʻike ʻia e ka hulu holoholona a me kahi hulu manu. ʻO ke anawaena kaulike o ka pūnana he 12-13cm me ke kiʻekiʻe o 8-10cm a me ka pā o 7.2 x 5.2cm.
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻekolu a ʻelima paha hua manu o ka crossbill o kahi ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi aniani uliuli a ana 22x16mm. Aia nā kaha ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ka papa o nā hua. ʻO ka manawa incubation o nā hua i kau ʻia he mau pule ʻelua ia, aia ka wahine i ka pūnana, a loaʻa i ke kāne ka meaʻai a hānai iā ia.
Uhi ʻia nā moa hatch me kahi fluff hina hina. ʻO nā lā mua i hoʻomehana ka wahine i nā moa, a laila, me ke kāne, hoʻomaka e lele i waho o ka pūnana e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia!No ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻanoʻano like ʻole o nā conifers i palupalu i ka goiter o ke kāne a me ka wahine.
Hāpai ʻia ka lele mua e nā moa i ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau pule. I kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole lele mamao nā manu ʻōpio a moe mau ka pō i kā lākou pūnana.
ʻO nā pīpī i haʻalele i ka pūnana i ka wā mua e hānai ʻia e nā mākua.
Mālama Crossbill ma ka home
Mahalo ka poʻe hopu manu i ka crossbill no kāna plumage kala a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki koke ana kahi manu nahele liʻiliʻi i kahi hale a hīmeni ikaika. Ke hopu, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i mālama ʻia nā plumage mālamalama a hiki wale i ka molt mua, a ʻaʻole nani ke ʻano o ka manu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻopiha ke mele o ke keʻa i nā hili a me nā clatter ʻano, akā ʻo nā keʻa keʻokeʻo keu i hiki ke hīmeni maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā cache a me nā kakaka, nā ʻupena pūnaewele, a me nā manu hoʻopunipuni a me nā semolina no ka lawaiʻa ʻana.... ʻO nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻelua a me nā ʻike pūnaewele, ʻai nui ka crossbill i nā ʻōpuʻu coniferous, a ʻuwī hoʻi i nā ʻōpio a me kekahi mau mea kanu. ʻO nā hoihoi nui nā kāne makua me ka plumage ʻulaʻula nani.
ʻO ka mālamalama o ka plumage a kahi manu, ʻoi aku ka waiwai. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka manu i ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻokiʻoki, akā kanu koke ʻia i loko o ka pā hao paʻa mau, kahi e kau ai nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā lālā mea kanu hou.
Pili pono ka ʻike kūwaho o ka crossbill i ka papaʻai piha. Makemake loa kēlā manu e ʻai i nā hui palaoa i hōʻike ʻia e ka mila, ka hua canary a me ka rapeseed. Kūleʻa maikaʻi nā manu o ka nahele i nā hua nut a me nā ʻupu pauka, nā lālā o nā mea kanu me nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā ʻōpuʻu o kahi lāʻau coniferous.
He mea nui ia e hoʻokomo i ka momona o ka mineral i loko o ka pā i ke ʻano o ke one muliwai, pālolo, lehu, pōhaku iwi i wāwahi ʻia. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i nā crossbills ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka microclimate mehana o nā wahi wela, no laila he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e waiho i kahi pā me kēlā manu ma kahi pāpale a loggia paha.
