Punawelewele ʻeono-maka ke one (Sicarius hahni) - no ka papa arachnids. ʻO kēia ʻano i ʻike mua ʻia e ka naturalist Palani Charles Valkener (1847).
Punawelewele i ke one kolo ʻeono maka
ʻO ka punawelewele, he ʻeono maka maka, aia ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻApelika Hema. Ma ʻApelika, noho i nā wahi wao nahele o ke Komohana Komohana ʻo Namibia.
Nā wahi noho o ka nananawehi makaʻeono maka
Noho ka punawelewele ʻeono maka maka i nā wao akua, noho i nā wahi noho me ka lepo one. Hele mai ia ma waena o nā pōhaku, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā kaumaha like ʻole, ma lalo o ka driftwood a me nā kumu popopo.
ʻO nā ʻōwili kūwaho o ka nananana heʻeono maka
ʻO ka spider one ʻeono maka i ke kino he 8 a 19 mm o ke kino. Aia nā lālā i kahi o 50 mm ka lōʻihi. Kūlike ke ʻano o ka nananana i ka inoa kapakapa, ʻo ka ʻāpana pāpaka pāʻeono maka, ʻoiai i kapa ʻia kekahi manawa no ka pālahalaha o ke kino a me ka hoʻonohonoho kūikawā o nā lālā. Eia kekahi, ʻekolu mau maka o kēia ʻano, e hana ana i ʻekolu lālani. ʻO ke kala o ka uhi chitinous ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a melemele paha. Uhi ʻia ka cephalothorax a me ka ʻōpū o ka nananalaki i nā huluhulu ʻoʻoleʻa, e like me nā bristles, kahi e mālama ai i nā huna o ke one. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā camouflage maikaʻi inā ʻaʻole e hūnā ka nananana a aia ma luna.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka nananana maka maka ʻeono
ʻAʻole e kolo ka punawelewele ʻeono maka i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio a ʻaʻole kūkulu i nā pūnaewele punawelewele nui. He mea hoʻohālua hoʻohālua kēia, ke kali nei ia i kahi puʻuhonua, e kanu ana iā ia iho i ke one, ke kokoke kahi moʻo huelo ʻino a kolo paha. A laila hopu ʻo ia i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia me kona forelimbs, paralyze iā ia me ka lāʻau make a hoʻomoʻu mālie i nā mea i loko. ʻAʻole paha hānai ke kolo keleʻeono maka maka no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Punawelewele hoʻohenehene maka ʻeono
Kākaʻikahi loa ke one o nā maka ʻeono maka, alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona malū, no laila ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o kēia ʻano. He ʻano paʻakikī ko ka poʻe kolo keleheʻe maka ʻeono maka. Inā ʻaʻole pane ka punawelewele i nā hana a ke kāne a pane ʻole i ke kāhea, a laila ua koi ʻia ke kāne e hūnā i ka manawa kūpono i ʻole e lilo i ka wahine huhū. I kekahi manawa, ma hope koke o ka male ʻana, ʻai ʻo ia i kāna hoa. A laila, mai nā ʻalalā a me ke one, kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi cocoon e like me ke pola kahi e waiho ai nā hua. Hoʻolālā mālie nā spider ʻōpio. I ke kūlohelohe, noho nā ʻanepele ʻeono maka maka no 15 mau makahiki, i ke pio e hiki iā lākou ke noho no 20-30 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka punawelewele ʻeono maka maka kekahi o nā onaona loa
Alakaʻi nā nananana one ʻeono maka i kahi nohona malū a noho i nā wahi e liʻiliʻi ai ka likelika o kā lākou hui ʻana me kekahi kanaka. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nananana maka maka ʻeono i hoʻokahi o nā kolo nunui loa.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi Toxicological i ka lāʻau make o ka ʻāpana maka ʻeono maka i kahi mana hemolytic ikaika loa, luku ʻia i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ʻo hemoglobin e komo i loko o ke koko a me nā necrosis (ka make ʻana o nā hunaola a me nā mea ola.) I kēia hihia, hele nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā ʻaʻa i ka nekrosis, a kū kahe kahe i ke kahe.
I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe antidote i ʻike ʻia no ka toxin o ka nananana maka ʻeono maka. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ua make nā lāpaki i nahu ʻia e ka nananana i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, 5-12 mau hola. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena o ke one a ʻeono maka maka spider, e like me nā nahu cytostatic āpau, e komo pū me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻelua a me ka hoʻōki ʻana o ka coagulation intravaskular. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kākaʻikahi o ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻanuʻu maka ʻeono maka, ʻaʻohe helu kūpono e pili ana i ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e kā lākou nahu. ʻIke loa, he kākaʻikahi loa lākou, ʻoiai i ko lākou wahi noho, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a ka nananana kolohe ʻeono maka
ʻAʻole kolo kolo ʻelima maka i nā hei o ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohālua hoʻopunipuni, e like me ka tarantula a i ʻole ka punawelewele funnel, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻeli i nā lua a hoʻohana paha i nā hale o haʻi no ka hopu holoholona. Hiki i kēia ʻano punawelewele ke komo i loko o ke one a hōʻeha ʻole i kahi mea e kolo ana. Mālama ʻia nā huna o ke one e ka cuticle o ka ʻōpū, e hana ana i kahi camouflage kūlohelohe e hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi i ka nananana. Inā loaʻa ka nananana maka ʻeono, a laila holo hou i kahi mamao iki a kanu hou iā ia iho i ke one. ʻO kēia ʻano punawelewele ke kuhikuhi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻāina, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o nā nananana. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole e hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila pili ia i nā mea ʻimi ʻimi hoʻomanawanui. Ke emi nei ka helu o nā subspecies, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kiʻi kikoʻī (mau ʻano lāhui), no ka mea, he haku kaulana nā kānaka nunui he ʻeono maka a he mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa iā lākou i ke kūlohelohe.
