ʻO ka limu pāma (Gypohierax angolensis) a i ʻole ka ʻaeto manu i ka ʻāpana Falconiformes.
ʻO nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka manu peʻa.
Aia ka nui o ka manu i ka nui ma kahi o 65 cm, ʻo ka ʻēheu mai 135 a 155 knm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 20 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka manu o ka mea pio mai 1361 a 1712 gram. I ka helehelena, hoʻohālikelike ka peʻa pāma i ka manu lele. He ʻēheu, lōʻihi nā ʻeheu o nā manu mākua. ʻEleʻele nā kihi o ka hulu lele nui. ʻO nā hulu liʻiliʻi a me nā hulu poʻohiwi o ke kala like. ʻO ka huelo, koe wale no ka hopena, ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Keokeo ke koena o ke kino. Helehelena melemele ʻeleʻele. He mana ka nuku, lōʻihi a ʻiki hoʻi loa. I ka piko, piʻo pololei ia, pōkole a me ka makau kuli i ka hopena, nā kihi me ka ʻole o nā niho. Nui a liʻiliʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mandible ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka nuku e ka hapakolu. Uhi ka nuku i ka hapalua o ka nuku. Nā puka ihu i ke ʻano o nā slanting ākea e holo holo lōʻihi. Olohelohe ka hao. Lena melemele nā manamana wāwae me nā manamana wāwae pōkole, i mākaukau me nā māiʻuʻi nui ʻole o nā wēlau ma nā wēlau. Melemele ka iris. Loaʻa i nā manu ʻōpio nā plumage chestnut. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kala hope loa o ka plumage ma hope o 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻO ka iris o ka maka i nā ʻōniu pāma ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻolahalaha ka manu lele.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka manu papā ma loko o ʻApelika Komohana a me ʻApelika Waena a ma ka hema o ʻĀkau hikina ʻApelika Hema. Uhi kona wahi i ke kapakai o ʻApelika Gabon a hiki i Namibia a hala i o Angola.
Holo ka palena ʻāina mai 15 ° N a 29 ° N. Ma nā latitude ʻākau a waena hoʻi o ka laulā, hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano manu o nā manu pio, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hema a me ka hikina. Noho ka laha, neʻe nā manu makua ma mua o kekahi mau kilomita, ʻoiai nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā kānaka makua ʻole e holoholo nei i kahi mamao, a hiki i 400 km ma ka moku ʻo Sahel a ma kahi o 1300 km ma ka hema ma ka hema loa o ka pae.
Nā wahi noho o ka ʻāleu pāma.
ʻIke ʻia ka manu i loko o nā ululāʻau tropical o ka Sahara, ma ke kahakai, kokoke i nā kahawai, nā mangrove a me nā awa. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ʻia i nā wahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau pāma, ʻo nā hua ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā wahi kūpono loa no kēia ʻano manu manu lele aia i waena o nā kūpā. ʻO nā mānoanoa o nā mangrove, ma nā wahi i kaʻawale ʻia e nā pāma a me nā pandanus prickly, e ʻumeʻume ai i nā ʻāpā pāma.
I nā wahi mamao, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā lālā kahawai liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike maka ʻia nā kānaka. No laila, hana nā ʻauamo pāma i ko lākou mau pūnana ma aneʻi. ʻO ia ka manu maʻa mau i ka nāhelehele o ka wao akua. ʻIke ʻia i nā wahi ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe kahi e kū ai ka pāma raffia. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka manu ʻōlapa ma kahi kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi a hoʻomanawanui i ke alo o ke kanaka. ʻO kāna pae hoʻokaʻawale kaulike mai ka ʻilikai a i ka 18 mika. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lawena o ka manu peʻa.
I ka wā hoʻoulu, ʻaʻole kipa nā ʻalepule i nā ulu lāʻau pāma e hānai iā lākou iho; koho lākou i nā ʻano kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe no ka pūnana ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, weliweli paha nā manu lele i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua pāma. I kēia hihia, lilo lākou i mea hoʻokūkū pololei o ka heluna kūloko, i ʻimi ʻimi i nā ʻauʻa pāma. ʻO ka maʻa mau o nā manu lele e noho pālua a i ʻole hoʻokahi ma ka piko o ka lāʻau, kahi e hoʻomaha ai ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Piʻi kiʻekiʻe lākou i ka lewa, hana i nā pōʻai, a laila iho i ka papa o ka wai, e nānā ana i ka mea pio. Noho kū ka peʻapeʻa pālima, a ʻo kona silhouette me ka nuku loloa a me ka lae ʻōlohelohe e like me ka helehelena o kahi ʻālina aliʻi. I ka lele ʻana, he ʻaetoʻa keʻokeʻo ke nānā aku. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona e like me ke ʻano o nā līlū, i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio, lele ʻo ia ma luna o ka wai a loaʻa iā ia kahi iʻa, iho mālie i ke ala arc e hopu.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka manu iʻa.
ʻO ka wā hānau hānau mai ʻOkakopa a Mei i West and Central Africa, Mei a Kekemapa ma Angola, Iune a Ianuali ma East Africa, a ʻAukake a Ianuali i South Africa. Hoʻokomo nā manu i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka pūnana he 60-90 cm ke anawaena a 30-50 cm ka hohonu. Ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ia no nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani. Aia lākou ma waena o 6 a me 27 mau mika ma luna o ka honua i waenakonu o ka lāʻau a hūnā ʻia e nā lau pāmaʻa a i ʻole kau ʻia ma luna o kahi mānoanoa i kahi lāʻau baobab a i ʻole ma luna o kahi waiū waiū. ʻO ka mea kanu ka mea kanu, ʻo ka pinepine o nā lālā lāʻau a me nā lau lalo i huki ʻia mai nā lāʻau pāma. E like me ka nui o nā ʻekue, hoʻokahi hua manu a ka wahine, kahi e hoʻouluulu wale nona iho no 44 mau lā. Noho ka ʻōpelu liʻiliʻi i ka pūnana ma kahi o 90 mau lā.
ʻO ka ʻai pono a ka manu ʻowela.
ʻAi nui nā manu lūlū i nā meaʻai mea ʻai, kahi mea laha ʻole i waena o nā mea ʻili hulu. ʻO kaʻiʻo aila o ka hua pāma kahi meaʻai punahele no nā manu e noho ma kahi e ulu ai, a ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā wahi kahi ʻole nā mānoanoa o nā lāʻau pāma. ʻOhi nā pulu pāma i ka hua me kona nuku a laila lawe i loko o ka ʻūpā e ʻai ai. Hoʻohana pū nā mea ʻekahi hulu i kahi ʻano like o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pio i ka wā a lākou e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻai. Hopu lākou i ka iʻa ma luna o ka wai, nā pāpaʻi, nā rana, nā manu, nā manu invertebrates a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ma nā wahi i kanu nā lau nahele i nā mea kanu maʻamau. Ma waho o nā hua raffia, hoʻopau nā vultures pāma i nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, kahi i 65% o ka papaʻai.
ʻO ke kūlana mālama o ka manu lele.
Manaʻo ʻia nā manu lele e nā ʻohana ʻApelika kūloko he manu manu ʻole pono ʻole lākou e hōʻeha ʻole i nā holoholona. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou e kī ʻia e like me nā mea ʻaihue hulu. Eia nō naʻe, ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻApelika, ua luku ʻia nā kia manu pāma no kā lākou ʻiʻo ono. Manaʻo ka ʻohana Kru he ʻono maikaʻi loa ka ʻulu manu manu kele.
Ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o nā aʻa pāma i nā wahi kahi e hoʻonui nei ka wahi o nā mahi aila. Akā i kēia mau wahi he mau kapu no ka pūnana ʻana o nā manu o ka mea pio, ʻoiai ke piʻi nei ka mea haunaele i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā māla pāma ma Angola a me Zululand i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā limu pāma, akā ʻo ka hoʻokūkū ʻana no nā wahi pūnana e hoʻonui nei. ʻAʻole kū ka palapū i ka lāhui palupalu a ʻaʻole ia i mālama ʻia i nā ana mālama.
