ʻO Harrier a i ʻole ʻEnelani hare hound (English Harrier) kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā ʻīlio mai ka hui o nā puaʻa, i hoʻohana ʻia e alualu i nā hares ma ke alualu ʻana iā lākou. ʻO kēia kahi o nā hānau kahiko loa ma waena o nā hounds Pelekane. Noho ka lāhui i kahi kūlana waena ma ka nui a me ka helehelena ma waena o ka English Foxhound a me ka Beagle.
Mōʻaukala o ka lāhui
ʻAʻole nui nā ʻano ʻīlio nona ka moʻolelo i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hoʻopaʻapaʻa e like me ka mōʻaukala o ka mea lawe. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he mōʻaukala o ka lāhui he speculate maʻemaʻe ia, me ka ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe kumu maoli.
ʻAʻohe mea kānalua i ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka lāhui ma ʻEnelani, a ʻo ke kumu nui o ka lāhui e ʻimi i ka hare, a i kekahi manawa he ʻalopeke. I ka helehelena, ke ʻano a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ʻano like ka lāhui me ka beagle. ʻAneʻane like nā ʻīlio ʻelua i nā moʻolelo like. Minamina, he mea pohihihi a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka moʻolelo o ka beagle e like me ka mōʻaukala o ka hare.
Ua loaʻa nā ʻīlio e like me nā mea o kēia au i ka mokupuni ʻo Beritania. Aia kekahi mau hōʻike mōʻaukala e hōʻike nei no nā poʻe Celts o Pelekane ma mua o ka Roman. Inā pēlā, no laila ua hoʻomaka ke kumu o ka lāhui i mau kenekulia ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o Kristo.
Minamina, maopopo ʻole ka maikaʻi loa o kēia hōʻike, a ʻaʻole ia he kumu he mamo pono ka mea lawe hānai i kēia mau ʻīlio. Inā ma aneʻi kēia mau ʻīlio, ʻaʻole no ka hopu holoholona hare a i nā lāpaki paha ia.
ʻAʻohe o nā lāpaki a me nā hares i ko ka mokupuni Pelekane a hoʻolauna ʻia e ka Emepera Roma a i ʻole nā mea kālepa huluhulu i ka wā waena. Aia kekahi hōʻike e ʻike ʻole i kekahi o nā lāhui a hiki i nā kenekulia 14 a 15 paha.
I ka Middle Ages, ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona me nā puaʻa i lilo i ka leʻaleʻa nui o nā aliʻi hanohano o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana me nā puaʻa ka mea nui ʻaʻole wale ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano leʻaleʻa, akā he mea ia e hoʻoikaika ai i ka pilina pilikino, politika a me ka pilina ʻohana a me nā pilina. Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā hoʻoholo nui a hoʻoholo ʻia i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ai nā haku.
He mea nui ʻo Palani no nā mea a pau o ʻEulopa, ua lilo ia i kikoʻī o ka hopu holoholona a me ka hoʻoulu puaʻa. Ma kahi manawa ma waena o 750 a me 900 AD, ua hoʻokumu nā mōneka o ka Monastery o Saint Hubert i kahi papahana hoʻouluulu hoʻonohonoho e hana i ka hound pono. ʻO ka hopena o kā lākou hana ka hana ʻana o Bloodhound, a i kēlā me kēia makahiki ua hoʻouna ʻia kekahi mau kāne i ka Mōʻī o Farani ma ke ʻano he makana. A laila hāʻawi ka mōʻī Palani i kēia mau ʻīlio i kāna poʻe hanohano, a hoʻolaha aku iā lākou ma waena o Palani. ʻO ke kūleʻa o kēia mau puaʻa i alakaʻi i nā mea ʻimi holoʻokoʻa ma waena o Palani e makemake e hoʻomohala i kā lākou ʻano ʻīlio kū hoʻokahi.
Ma 1066 ua pio ʻo ʻEnelani e ka poʻe Noremana, he poʻe mamo lākou na Vikings i noho ma Palani a hoʻohui i ka moʻomeheu Farani. He nui ka hopena o ka poʻe Noremana i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ka moʻomeheu a me ka politika.
Hoʻololi lākou i ka hopu holoholona hog English. Ua loaʻa ka nui o ka moʻomeheu i ka ʻimi manu ʻo Pelekane a ua lilo i mea maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui paha, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hānau puaʻa Pelekane, ʻoi aku ma waena o nā aliʻi. ʻIke ʻia ua lawe mai ka poʻe Noremana i kekahi mau ʻano puaʻa puaʻa me lākou i ʻEnelani, ʻoiai he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa kēlā.
Ua hoʻohuli kēia mau ʻīlio Palani i ka hānau pua puaʻa like ʻole ma ʻEnelani, ʻoiai ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nei ka nui o kā lākou mana. Manaʻo kekahi he iho nā ʻīlio e like me ka Harrier a me Foxhound mai ka hapanui o kēia mau puaʻa Palani, ʻoiai kekahi e manaʻo nei he ʻohana lākou a pau mai nā lāhui Pelekane maoli me nā koko Farani i hoʻohui ʻia.
ʻIke ʻia no nā kenekulia he nui ma hope o ka Norman Conquest, aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu mau pua puaʻa ʻaʻole i lilo i ka make, a hiki paha i nā makahiki 1800: ʻo ka hema hema, ka puaʻa ʻākau, a me nā talbot. Minamina, ʻo nā wehewehe maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano ʻekolu a pau mai ka makahiki 1700 a ʻoi paha, i ka wā laha ʻole a nalowale paha kēia mau ʻīlio.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo i kākau mua ʻia o ka harrier i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o ʻelua mau kenekulia ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Norman. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi hānai i mālama ʻia ma ʻEnelani i 1260. He mea kūpono wale nō ka makemake nui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio hopu holoholona no ʻEnelani a puni kēia manawa, ʻoiai he nui nā loea i manaʻo ʻo ia nō i kēia manawa i ʻike nui ʻia nā heluna o nā hare a me nā lāpaki a hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i ka helu.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea ʻaʻole kēia mau ʻīlio ka lā hānau hānai hou, akā he mau ʻīlio ʻimi holoholona ʻē aʻe i kaʻana like i ka inoa me nā mea hou.
Akā ʻaʻole paha kēia... Inā ʻo kēia mau ʻīlio mai 1260 nā kūpuna o ka harier hou, ʻo kēia ka manaʻo ma kahi o 800 mau makahiki ka nui. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei (English hare hound), ʻo nā ʻelele mua loa o kēia laha i hāʻawi ʻia e alualu i nā hares a me nā lāpaki.
Kūkākūkā pinepine ʻia ka mea lawe ʻia mai ka English Foxhound. Manaʻo ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo i kēia ʻo Foxhounds English liʻiliʻi i hui pū ʻia a hui ʻia paha me nā beagle e hana i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻano like nā mea pale a me English Foxhounds i ka helehelena. Hoʻohui ʻia, hānai ʻia lākou i mau kenekulia a hoʻomau i ka noho pū ʻana ma ʻEnelani.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hānai ʻia ʻo Foxhounds a hiki i ka makahiki 1500 a me 1600, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau makahiki ma hope o nā moʻolelo mua o nā mea lawe lima. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi o ka poʻe i aʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Foxhounds e ʻōlelo nei e hoʻohana ʻia nā harers e hoʻomohala iā Foxhounds.
He kū hoʻokahi ka Harriers ma waena o nā ʻīlio ʻimi holoholona pack no ka mea nui a wikiwiki lākou e hele pū me nā lio i kahi huli holoholona kuʻuna. He mākaukau like lākou ma ka ʻimi alopeke a i nā lāpaki paha. ʻO kēia adaptability, keu hoʻi i ka ʻōlelo o ka waiwai pio, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia lākou i mea makemake ʻia i waena o nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wikiwiki kēia mau ʻīlio e like me Foxhounds a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o Beagles a e hāʻawi i ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo e hāhai iā lākou ma ka wāwae i kahi ukana maikaʻi. ʻO kēia nele o ke akamai i kekahi ʻāpana i kaupalena i ko lākou kaulana no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I ka hala ʻana o ka makahiki 1700, ua mālama ka hapa nui o nā mea hānai i nā moʻolelo pololei o kā lākou ʻīlio a hana i nā puke stud. Ua kōkua kēia e hōʻoia i ko lākou kūlana purebred. ʻO kēia nā moʻolelo piha kikoʻī o ka hānau ʻana ʻīlio a ʻo ia ka mua o nā hui kennel o kēia au.
I kēlā manawa, hānai ʻia nā mea pale i nā kenekulia, a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā moʻolelo. E hoʻomaka ana i nā makahiki 1800, ua hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia mea hānai e mālama pono i nā moʻolelo. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Association of Harriers and Beagle Owners (AMHB) ma Malaki 1891. ʻO nā hana mua o ka hui pede e hoʻopuka i ka puke i 1891 a e hoʻomaka i kahi hōʻike ma Peterborough i 1892.
I ka wā mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makemake o nā mea pale a nui aʻe ma mua o nā beagle liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loli nui kēia kūlana. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka beagle ma ʻEnelani ma mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makemake ʻia i kona homeland ma mua o ka harrier.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea lawe i ka hui kennel nui ma United Kingdom, a ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia mai ka makahiki 1971.
ʻAʻole i makemake nui ʻia ka Harrier i ke apo hōʻike a i ʻole he holoholona hoa. He lāhui hahai holoholona kēia ma o a ma o. ʻAʻole like me Foxhound a me Beagle, ʻaʻole i makemake nui ʻia ka mea lawe lima ma waho o ʻEnelani. Koe wale no kahi manawa pōkole i ke kenekulia 20 ma ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole i hana pinepine ʻia ka mea lawe manu i nā hipa nui ma waho o ʻEnelani a me ʻIlani.
Eia nō naʻe, noho kēia lāhui he ʻīlio hopu holoholona maʻamau i kona homeland no nā kenekulia. ʻO nā loli i ka moʻomeheu a me ke kaiāulu ka mea i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻemi mau ana ka nui o kēia ʻano mai ka wā o ka makahiki 1900, a i kēia manawa aia wale nō ka hapalima o ka nui o nā ʻīlio ma ʻEnelani i hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala.
Wehewehe
ʻO ka harrier ke ʻano o ka loulou waena ma waena o ka beagle a me ka foxhound. ʻO kēia ke kinona o kahi ʻīlio waena, nā kāne a me nā wahine ma ka maloʻo 48-50 + 5 cm a kaupaona 20-27 kg. He muscular loa lākou a kū ikaika a olakino hoʻi, ʻoiai paha he lahilahi ka poʻe hahai holoholona.
ʻO ka mīkini kahi mea maʻamau o kahi hound English. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mau ʻīlio ma mua o ka beagles, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o Foxhounds. He maka ʻeleʻele ka hapanui o nā ʻīlio, akā he mau maka māmā ko nā ʻīlio māmā. Aia nā pepeiao i lalo. Ma ke ʻano laulā, loaʻa i ka ʻīlio kahi pūniki ola, ʻoluʻolu a noi iki hoʻi.
He lole pōkole, paheʻe hoʻi kā ka ʻīlio, ʻane like like me ko ka beagle. ʻO ka lauoho ma nā pepeiao he lahilahi a ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ke koena o ke kino. 'Usuallylelo maʻamau ia hiki i kahi hound maikaʻi ke lilo i kekahi kala. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ke kala i mea nui i nā kūlana hānau a hiki i kēia mau ʻīlio ke hele mai i nā kala like ʻole. ʻO ka hapanui he tricolor, pinepine me ka noho ʻeleʻele ma ke kua.
Kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia ke kino a ikaika hoʻi. He lāhui hānai hoʻolaʻa kēia a pono ke ʻano like.
ʻAno
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea lawe, he ʻano like ia me ke ʻano me ka beagle liʻiliʻi a kaulana hoʻi.
Kaulana kēia mau ʻīlio no ka palupalu a me ke aloha i ka poʻe. Makemake lākou e noho i loko o ka pūʻolo i nā manawa āpau, a ʻoi aku ka makemake e ʻae i ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i lālā lālā a hana wikiwiki. I ka mea kikoʻī, ʻike ʻia lākou no ka hoʻomanawanui loa a me ke aloha i nā keiki.
He kūlana maikaʻi ko Harriers no kekahi o nā hānau maikaʻi loa no nā keiki.
ʻOiai paha e whakatupala aku kēia lāhui i nā ona ona e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi malihini, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi kiaʻi. He koho maikaʻi loa ʻole kēia, ʻoiai ʻo kahi ʻīlio kiaʻi e ʻoi aku ka mahana e hele a palu i kekahi ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana. Hiki paha i kekahi ke hopohopo a puni ka poʻe hou, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī lākou.
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahi ʻīlio ʻohana, ke launa maikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻokipa hauʻoli i nā malihini a me nā hoanoho, he koho maikaʻi paha ka Harrier. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea lawaiʻa he pack-oriented ka hana a ka lāhui i kahi hana maikaʻi loa inā waiho wale ʻia. Inā pono ʻoe e haʻalele i kāu ʻīlio no kahi manawa lōʻihi, a laila ʻaʻole ʻo Harrier ka lāhui maikaʻi loa na ʻoe.
Ua noho ka lā ma ke ʻano he hunter pack no nā kenekulia, e hana pinepine nei me 50 a ʻoi paha nā ʻīlio. ʻO ka hopena, hui maikaʻi lākou me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mau kūlana laha i ka ʻae ʻole ʻana o kekahi huhū i nā laina. Ke ʻimi nei ka hapa nui i ka launa me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe a hauʻoli ke hiki iā lākou ke kaʻanalike i ko lākou ola me lākou.
Kūkā ka hapanui o nā hobbyists i nā mea nona e kiʻi i hoʻokahi hoa canine hou. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi e lawe i kāu ʻīlio i loko o ka hale me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau laha i ʻoi aku ka kūpono ma mua o ka mea lawe. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui ka makaʻala mau i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ʻelua ʻīlio hou, a pono e manaʻo ʻia kekahi kūlana a me ka hoʻoweliweli ke ʻike lākou i ka hierarchy.
ʻOiai ʻike ʻia ka Harrier e aloha nui me nā poʻe a me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia ke koho maikaʻi loa no ka launa ʻana me nā holoholona ʻiole ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. Ua hānai ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio e alualu a pepehi i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (ʻoi loa nā lāpaki) no nā makahiki he haneli. ʻO B
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio e kū nei i kēia mau lā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua hanauna mai kahi ʻeke hopu holoholona a hoʻomau i kēia holo ikaika ikaika. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻīlio ke launa pū me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a launa pū. ʻO nā kenekulia he nui o ka pili pili ma waena o lākou a me nā lio e hōʻole i kēia.
E hoʻomanaʻo wale nō he kī ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka launa ʻana, a ʻo ka mea lawe manu, ʻo ia ka hoaaloha maikaʻi loa o ka pōpoki e noho ana i kona home ponoʻī, hiki ke alualu i ka pōpoki a ka hoalauna. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he lāhui nui, nui a ikaika nō ia e hoʻoili ai ʻino ʻino a make paha ka pōpoki.
ʻOiai kūpaʻa i nā kānaka a me ke akamai kahaha, hiki i ka Harrier ke lilo i ʻīlio paʻakikī loa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia e alualu i ka pāʻani no nā hola ma ka hopena, me ka kū ʻole a hāʻawi ʻole paha. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻoholo paʻa loa kēia ʻano a paʻakikī hoʻi.
Inā maʻa ʻoe i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā laha e like me ka Labrador Retriever a i ʻole ke kahu hipa Kelemania, e hoʻohoka paha ka mea lawe manu iā ʻoe. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hou a hoʻoikaika e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kahi ʻīlio hoʻolohe. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea keʻakeʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana ʻana i ka mea a lākou e makemake ai a kaulana no ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe.
ʻAʻole loaʻa pinepine nā ʻona i nā hopena aʻo a lākou e makemake ai. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahi lāhui hoʻolohe pono, pono ʻoe e nānā ma kahi ʻē. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, aia kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻoulu ʻia e ʻai e like me ka mea lawe. Pono e komo i kahi papa hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa no kēia mau ʻīlio i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā mālama.
E like me nā puaʻa ʻē aʻe, noho mālie ka mea lawe lima i ka hale. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo lohi ka lāhui. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe no kekahi mau hola.
He mau holoholona haʻuki lākou i hiki ke hana i nā hana kupaianaha o ka ikaika a me ke ahonui. Pono ʻoe e hoʻolako iā lākou i nā ukana e pono ai. Pono nā hele wāwae lōʻihi, a holo kūpono. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ka hound, hiki iā ia ke luhi, leo a luku hoʻi.
Ua hānai ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio e hele i ke ala a hāhai iā ia. E hāhai lākou i ko lākou ihu kokoke i nā wahi āpau, ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi mea i kā lākou ala. Hiki i kēia mau ʻīlio ke holo wikiwiki i kahi mamao loa a hiki i nā mile ke mamao.
Mālama ka Harrier i ka nānā ʻana i nā kāhea e hoʻi, a hōʻole loa paha iā lākou. No laila, he mea nui ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kēia mau ʻīlio ma kahi leash i nā manawa āpau ke ʻole lākou i ka wahi paʻa paʻa.
He mea nui ka palekana o kekahi pā, no ka mea, he akamai lākou a he hiki i ke kino ke hele ma waena, ma lalo a ma o ka nui o nā pā.
He ʻīlio leo lākou. Manaʻo ka poʻe hahai holoholona he nui ka ʻīlio haer i kekahi o nā ʻīlio nani loa. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kūlanakauhale hou, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻīlio hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi e hana i nā leo ma mua o ka aneane o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia lawena e kaulana loa. Makemake nā poʻe he nui e ʻeli a luku i kāu māla. E ʻike a ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai i hiki ai iā lākou ke hele. Pono nā haku e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou meaʻai.
Mālama
ʻO kekahi o nā koina mālama haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pono ka laha i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana, a ʻo ka hapanui wale nō e pono ke kāhili maʻamau. ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hoʻokahe ka lāhui.
ʻO ka hapanui e hoʻokahe haʻahaʻa, akā hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokahe nui, keu hoʻi i nā wahi mehana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole lālā o kou ʻohana nā maʻi pāʻālua, a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke hana me ka manaʻo o ka lauoho ʻīlio, a laila ʻaʻole paha kēia lāhui ka lāhui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
E nānā pono nā haku i nā pepeiao o kēia lāhui. E like me ka nui o nā hanauna pepeiao, loaʻa iā lākou ka hana e loaʻa ka lepo a me ka lepo i loko o ko lākou pepeiao. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi pepeiao a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i kou mau pepeiao.
Ola
He lāhui ola maikaʻi loa. Mālama ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio ma kahi o nā holoholona hihiu no nā kenekulia.Hiki i nā maʻi genetical ke hāʻawi i ka ʻīlio ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kāna hana a kāpae ʻia mai ka pūʻulu hānau.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau he 12 a 15 mau makahiki, kahi makahiki mahalo loa ʻia no kahi ʻīlio o kēia nui. ʻO ke kumu o ka makaʻu ʻole o ka lāhui no nā maʻi hoʻoili genetically.
ʻO ka maʻi olakino e pili pinepine ʻia e pili ana i nā genetically i nā harriers ʻo ka hipplplasia, a he mea maʻamau ia i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Hip dysplasia e kahi malformation i ka hui pūhaka. Loaʻa kēia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hōʻoluʻolu, mai ka ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole koʻikoʻi loa. I nā hihia maikaʻi loa, hiki i ka hipplplasia ke alakaʻi i ka palau.
