Nani ka nani o Boletus boletus. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia kēia mau mea ʻala, ʻono a momona hoʻi i loko o ka hīnaʻi kokoke i nā māla o nā birch, nā hornbeams a me nā popla. Ulu nā pulupulu Boletus i nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ma nā kihi ulu lāʻau. ʻIke ka poʻe mai kahi mamao aku i nā pāpale momona o nā huaalulu, kahi e nānā ai mai lalo o nā lau i hāʻule a me ka mauʻu.
Hoʻokumu ka birch brown i kahi hui mycorrhizal me nā birch, i hōʻike ʻia e ka inoa o ka mushroom. Loaʻa ia ma ʻEulopa, ka Himalayas, ʻAsia a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka Hemoleka ʻAkau. Ua koho kekahi mau mea kōkua i nā ulu lāʻau paina a beech paha, nā wahi o nā wahi wai.
ʻO ka birch brown kahi ʻano Europa. Akā hoʻolauna ʻia me nā birch hoʻonaninani i kanu ʻia ma waho o ko lākou kūlohelohe, e laʻa me, ma Kaleponi, Nūhōlani a me ʻAukekulia.
Wehewehe
I ka wā mua, he hemispherical ka pāpale, ʻo kona anawaena he 5-15 cm. Pāpalahalaha ia ma luna o ka manawa. ʻO ka uhi o ka pāpale keleʻele-mālamalama a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a laila lilo kona mau aka, a ʻeleʻele, laumania, me ka ʻole o ka lau, maloʻo a lahilahi hoʻi i nā kūlana pulu.
I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio, keʻokeʻo nā pores, ma hope ua hina lākou. I nā boletus birch pores kahiko, nā pores ma luna o ka villi e kūleʻa i waho, a puni ka wāwae ua kaomi ikaika ʻia lākou. Lawe maʻalahi ka uhi pore mai ka pāpale mushroom.
Lahilahi ke koʻokoʻo a piʻi i luna, 5-15 knm ka lōʻihi a 1-3.5 knm ākea, uhi ʻia me nā unahi. He keʻokeʻo lākou, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mycelium nui keʻokeʻo. He keʻokeʻo ka pulp, ma hope keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, mālama i kona kala ke haki.
I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ke kino o ka fungus he ʻano nui ia, akā hiki koke ke lilo i spongy, hoʻokuʻu a mālama i ka wai, keu hoʻi i nā kūlana pulu. Huli ʻeleʻele ma hope o ka kuke ʻana.
Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai nā loea culinary i ka birch
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Boletus a i ʻohi ʻia i ka vīnega. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha mushroom i kāwili ʻia, palai ʻia a i hoʻomoʻa ʻia. ʻOhi maʻamau ka poʻe ʻohi mushroom ma Finilana a me Rūsia e hōʻiliʻili i ka lāʻau birch. Ma ʻAmelika Hema (New England a me Rocky Mountains), e hoʻohana me ka akahele.
Nā ʻano o ka ʻai boletus
Boletus marsh
Pāpale
Hoʻonani ʻia nā kino hua me nā pāpale kuhihewa a hiki i ka 10 cm ke anawaena me kahi kahakaha o nā "kiko" e hoʻopuni ana i ka lihi. ʻOi pinepine keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, keu hoʻi i nā kino hua ʻōpio, loaʻa i nā pāpale i kekahi manawa i ka brownish, hina, a pink, ʻeleʻele a huli ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka makahiki.
Ua uhi mua ʻia ka ʻilikai me nā lauoho maikaʻi, akā ma hope lilo i laumania, me kahi ʻano paʻa me ka makahiki a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana pulu. He keʻokeʻo ka pulp a ʻaʻohe ona ʻaʻala ʻokoʻa a ʻono paha.
Aia kahi hopena kala i ka haki. Aia ma ka lalo kahi porous ʻili i loaʻa nā pores ma kahi nui o 2 a 3 i kēlā me kēia mm. Pore tubes a i 2.5 knm hohonu. ʻO ke kala pore mai keʻokeʻo a i hina, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Ka wāwae
Hoʻopili ʻia ka papa keʻokeʻo o ke koʻokoʻo me nā unahi unihi liʻiliʻi paʻa e pouli me ka ʻelemakule. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae he 8-14 knm, ʻo ka laulā he 1-2 knm. ʻO ke kumu o ka wāwae i kala pinepine ʻia i ka bluish.
Edified
Manaʻo ʻia ka mushroom he mea ʻai, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo e pili ana i kāna hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka culinary. E ʻohiʻohi ʻia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o ka iʻa i spongy a waiho nā arthropods i kā lākou larvae. Palupalu ka mushroom, ʻono iki i ka ʻono, hoʻoikaika ia ma hope o kahi hoʻomākaukau pōkole. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka make wai i ka waha waha akā hoʻemi i ka momona.
Boletus maʻamau
ʻŌiwi
ʻOi aku ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha o 7-20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, 2-3 knm ma waena. Uhi ʻia nā unahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka ʻili āpau, akā ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma lalo. Hoʻokumu nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōlohelohe i nā wāwae hoʻohālike barela. I nā hiʻohiʻona mākua, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā koʻokoʻo i ke anawaena, e hoʻopili iki ana i ka piko.
Pāpale
Hōʻike nā pāpale i nā ʻano ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa me ka uhi ʻulaʻula a hina paha (aia kekahi mau pāpale keʻokeʻo), 5 a 15 cm i ka wā e hoʻopaneʻe piha ʻia, hoʻololi pinepine ʻia, wavy nā ʻaoʻao. Maikaʻi ka pae o ka papa (e like me ka veleveta), akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa me ka ʻelemakule.
Pulp kumu
Keʻokeʻo ke kino a ʻulaʻula paha ke kino ke ʻoki a haki paha, akā ʻaʻole i uliuli - pono no ka ʻike ʻana. ʻOluolu ka hake e honi a ʻono, akā ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi nui.
ʻOʻoleʻa ʻo Boletus
Ka wāwae
Nā Ana 8-20 × 2-4 cm, kūpaʻa, lahilahi, subcylindrical, ikaika, hoʻonui i ke kikowaena a emi i ke kumu a me ka apex. Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, bluish-ʻōmaʻomaʻo kokoke i ka honua. I ka mua, ua hoʻonani ʻia lākou me nā unahi hina hina, akā hoʻololi koke lākou i ke kala i brown a i ʻole black-blackish. Hoʻokumu nā squamules longitudinal i kahi iwi ʻeleʻele a hāpai i ka piko o ke koʻokoʻo.
Pāpale
Kākoʻo-beige, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, pale pale ʻole, i hoʻomalu pinepine ʻia e kahi ocher malu, 6-18 cm ākea. ʻO ka pāpale he hemisphere i ka mua, a laila he convex-spherical, pālahalaha i ka manawa wela o ke ola. ʻO ka mānoanoa, ʻokiʻoki ka cuticle velvety i nā ʻano maloʻo.
Pākuʻi, paʻa i ka ʻiʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio, palupalu i nā hiʻohiʻona mākua, fibrous i ke koʻokoʻo. ʻO keʻokeʻo i ka ʻāpana kea e lilo i ākea ākea, a laila hina-ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike nā kiko polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻāpana ma ke kumu o ka wāwae. He mea nui ʻole ka pilau, me kahi ʻono iki.
Ke kūpono a me ka ʻino
Manaʻo ʻia he maikaʻi ma hope o ka kuke ʻana, me ka ʻokoʻa o ke koʻokoʻo, i hoʻolei ʻia ma muli o ka palaoa a me ka ʻili.
Pākuʻi like ʻo Boletus
Loaʻa iā ia kahi hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia 5-15 knm ma kahi o ka hoʻonui loa ʻia. ʻIke ʻia i loko o nā ululāʻau mossy ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau birch a i ʻole nā kahakai kahawai, e ʻokoʻa ana mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka waena waena a me ka ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻonani ʻia ka pāpale me nā lau radial variegated / speckled mai nā wahi māmā / nā kaha. Kūleʻa a scaly paha ke ʻano i nā ʻulā ʻōpio. Mālama ia me ka ʻelemakule. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka cuticle ke haki a ʻoki ʻia paha. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu o ke koʻokoʻo, huli ka ʻiʻo ʻoki i uliuli a me ka polū.
ʻŌiwi
Keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kiʻekiʻe 7-15 knm, 2-3 cm ma ʻō a i ʻole, ke kīpiʻi ʻana i ka piko. Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻole me nā koʻokoʻo e like me ka barela; ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena i ke oʻo ʻana, akā e hoʻopili iki ana i ka piko. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā unahi ma ka peduncle. ʻO ka ʻono o ka lāʻau birch multi-colour he mushroom maoli ia, me ka ʻaʻala ʻole.
Pink boletus
Pāpale
Me ke anawaena o 3-20 knm, maloo a laumania a ʻino iki paha, momona a ikaika. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio i ke ʻano o ka pōpō semi-ball. Me ka makahiki, lawe ia i ka hiʻona o kahi uluna, luʻuluʻu nā kihi, wavy iki. I nā kūlana pulu, lahilahi ka pāpale i ka pā.
ʻŌiwi
ʻO ke kinona he paukūʻolokaʻa. Pulupulu ka palaʻa, keʻokeʻo. ʻO 15-20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wāwae, 1-4 cm ke anawaena, māno iki ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka lepo. ʻO fibrous kūwaho, ʻāhinahina a brownish paha me kahi ʻano o nā unahi ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.
Pulp
Ma hope o ka ua e hoʻokuʻu, hāʻule. He melemele ia, keʻokeʻo a hina paha i ke kala, komo koke i ka wai. Ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, noho mau ke kala.
ʻO Boletus hina
Pāpale
Pākuʻi ʻole, ʻimi, a hiki i ka 14 cm ākea, ka malu mai ka ʻoliva a i ka hina hina. I nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi, ke kinona o ka hemisphere, i nā ʻalalā pala e like me ka uluna. Palupalu ka pulp, nalowale kona palupalu me ka makahiki. ʻĀpala ka ʻoki, a laila hina a ʻeleʻele. Noho ka ʻala ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻono.
ʻŌiwi
ʻO Cylindrical, ma ka papa o nā unahi, 5-13 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, a i 4 cm ke anawaena, hina, ʻeleʻele iki ma lalo.
Boletus ʻeleʻele
Pāpale
5-15 knm ma, ka hakahaka o nā kihi. Pālahalaha ka ʻili, ʻōlohelohe, ʻaʻole pulu, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele, i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio kahi hemisphere, a laila convex, a laila convex-flat.
Ka wāwae
Koho barela, 5-20 cm ka lōʻihi, 2-3 cm ke anawaena. Mānoanoa iki ia ma ke kumu, hina a hina hina, uhi ʻia me nā unahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻOlu ka ʻiʻo o ka pāpale i ka ʻono a me ka ʻaʻala, ʻiʻo. Lilo i ka palupalu me ka makahiki.
Nā lāʻau birch wahaheʻe
Pāpale make
ʻO nā mea ʻimi no ka ʻohi mushroom me ka ʻike ʻole e hōʻiliʻili i nā toadstool ʻawahia ma lalo o aspen, birch, beech (a me boletus), huikau ia me nā subspecies swamp. Akā ʻaʻohe lāʻau antidote o kēia pulupulu ʻono.
ʻO ka pāpale o kahi toadstool ʻōpio a hiki i ka 10 cm ke anawaena, spherical, pālahalaha me ka makahiki, ʻālohilohi. Mālamalama ka ʻili, i kekahi manawa ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻoliva paha. Aia kekahi cuff kikoʻī ma lalo o ka pāpale. ʻO ka wīwī lahilahi me ka unahi ʻole, hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a kū i kahi ʻano o ka capsule.
Hoʻopuka ka pulp i kahi ʻala mushroom ʻoluʻolu, palupalu, keʻokeʻo, ʻono. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia e kahi hymenophore ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka pāpale. ʻIke maopopo ʻia ma lalo nā pā ākea keʻokeʻo. Na kēia, ʻaʻole like ka toadstool i ka birch mushroom tubular.
Lāʻau Gall
ʻAʻole ʻai ka poʻe, ʻonoʻawa ka pungent a ʻono hoʻi ka fungus. ʻAno make ʻino, kohu like ko waho i kahi boletus ʻōniʻoniʻo.
Pāpale
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kiko o ka hemisphere aniani i 15 knm ke anawaena. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele he brownish a i ʻole chestnut māmā.
ʻŌiwi
Aia kekahi kumu ʻeleʻele i kokoke i ka pāpale ma ka wāwae; ma ka waena ua mānoanoa.
Ke wāwahi ʻia, lilo ka ʻāpō keʻokeʻo ʻawaʻawa i poni, ma mua o ka mushroom wahaheʻe e hoʻohālike i ka boletus pink. Nānā ʻole i ka hopena, ʻaʻole e nalo nā paipu o ka fungus fungus i ko lākou hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana ʻai i kahi papa momona o nā tubule a huli a poni i ka wā hoʻomaha.
Nā ʻōuli o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā lāʻau birch wahaheʻe
Ke ʻai ka poʻe i nā toadstool pale, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo i kekahi mea a hiki i ka wā e komo ai ka mea make i loko o ka lolo a me nā meaola. Lū kekahi i kekahi wahi i loko o 12 mau hola, ʻeha ʻo ia i ka maʻi pākī, lilo ke kino i wai ʻole. A laila he kala pōkole no nā lā 2-3. I ka lā 3-5, kūleʻa ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa. Inā ʻai ʻia nā toadstools, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻona.
ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau make e ka lāʻau kō. Huli kāna ʻono pungent i nā mea hoʻāʻo loa. A hoʻokahi mushroom gall, ke kuke ʻana, e hōʻino i ka hīnaʻi piha o nā lāʻau birch brown, hoʻolei ke kuke i ka pā ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO ke kiʻi lapaʻau e like me kēlā me kēia lāʻau make, akā me ka ʻole o kahi hopena make.
Ma hea a ma hea e ʻohiʻohi ai nā lāʻau boletus?
Ua koho ʻo Mushroom i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous i kahi aniau aniau a koho i nā clearings no ka mycelium e pili ana i nā birches, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka mycorrhiza.
Kūleʻa a paʻa nā mushroom ʻōpio i ka palpation. Koho lākou i nā wahi hāmama no ka ulu ʻana ma nā lihi ululāʻau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā ala. ʻAʻole makemake ka ʻili birch i nā lepo acidified ma kahi o nā peat bogs, koho i ka lepo i nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa me kahi kūlike a i ʻole ka lime substrate. Koho ka poʻe i nā lau mai Mei a hiki i ke kau anuanu a me ka hau mua. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kōkua, ka marsh boletus, kau ʻia ma nā peat bogs kokoke i nā kahawai.
ʻO nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a hoʻokahi paha i ka manawa e ulu i ka boletus multi-color. Hoʻopiʻi kā lākou mau pāpale like ʻole i nā mea ʻulu mai ka hopena o Iune a i ka mua o ʻOkakopa. ʻOki ʻia nā ʻalā ma lalo o nā birch a me nā popla. Hoʻokomo ke aʻa myceliums i nā ulu lāʻau mossy a me ka pouli, akā ma nā wahi ākea ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā.
ʻO kahi ʻano laha ʻole - noho ka boletus kala ʻulaʻula ma nā peat bogs ma nā palena o nā bogs kokoke i birch a me nā ululāʻau i hui ʻia, kahi mycorrhiza me nā ʻano birch. Lawe nā ʻalā ma nā wahi āpau e ulu ai nā Birch, a i ka tundra mai ka hopena o Iulai a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa.
ʻO Grey boletus, he pepeiaohao kekahi e hāʻawi i ka ʻohiʻohi momona ma nā kihi a me nā aniani i waena o:
- nā popela a me nā birch;
- hazelona;
- nā pepeiaohao a me nā leo.
E ʻohiʻohi ʻia:
- ke pua ʻana o rowan;
- i Iulai ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka mauʻu;
- mai ka hopena o ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa.
ʻIke ʻia kekahi manawa i nā lāhi koho Harsh boletus (laha ʻole) i nā mea kanu deciduous a deciduous-coniferous kokoke i nā poplar keʻokeʻo a me nā aspens. Makemake ka fungus i ka limu, kahi e noho hoʻokahi a i ʻole i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Eʻohi i kahi ʻohi laha ʻole mai ka hopena o Iune a i waena o ka hoʻoilo.
I nā wahi pulu i waena o nā birches, i nā pine-birch i loko o nā ululāʻau, ma waho o ke kuʻi ʻana a ma waena o nā wahi kai mai ke kau waena a hiki i ke kauwela gula, hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe i ka boletus ʻeleʻele.
ʻO wai ka mea cont conticated i nā lāʻau birch?
E like me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kūlohelohe, e makaʻala nā wahine hāpai, nā keiki a me nā ʻelemākule me nā lāʻau birch. Paʻa kēia meaʻai ma ka gastrointestinal tract, lohi e ʻeli a waiwai i nā protein i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i nā nui i nā maʻi ate a me nā puʻupaʻa.
ʻAi ka poʻe olakino i nā fungus momona i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole ʻike i ka hōʻoluʻolu.
