Kūleʻa nā kamalā kamela ma ʻEulopa a nui ka poʻe e ʻako iā lākou e ʻai. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻono o nā ʻalalā me ka ʻono o nā ʻalalā ʻē aʻe, he hua iki ka ʻala, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka ʻāpelika. ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa ka pīhoihoi o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ko lākou nani i ka helehelena ma muli o ko lākou kinona a me ke kala ʻalani.
Wehewehe
Ulu nā pāpale o nā pāpale waiū saffron a hiki i 12 knm ke anawaena a ʻano funnel-ʻano me ka lihi i ʻike maka ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpio. Me ka makahiki, convex (poepoe a i ʻole domed) me kahi kaumaha waena, lilo nā pāpale mushroom i ke ʻano funnel. Maloʻo ka papa o ka pāpale, akā hele a pulu (wīwī) ke pulu.
Ma ka ʻalani ʻalani, ʻalani kāloti, a i ʻole kekahi manawa ʻāpiki apricot ʻole, haʻi pinepine ʻia nā kaha concentric ma ka ʻili, i kala ʻia ma ʻō a ma ʻaneʻi me nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva.
ʻO ke kala waiū ke kī o ka ʻike ʻana i nā pāpale waiū saffron ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hua hou. Hūnā nā mushroom i kahi kāloti mālamalama a i ʻole ka waiū ʻalani i puka aʻe mai nā gills ma hope o ka hōʻino a ʻoki ʻana paha. ʻO nā māhoe ʻo Camelina e like me ke kala, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula, huli ʻulaʻula / poni i loko o 10-30 mau minuke ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ea.
He mau kiko ko ka wāwae o ka pāpale waiū saffron. No laila, ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lau mai ka mycelium, e ʻoki pono i kahi ʻāpana o ke koʻokoʻo, ʻaʻole wale i ka pāpale, i mea e maʻalahi ai ke ʻike inā he ʻai ka huaʻulu a ʻaʻole paha.
Ke ʻoki ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻalalā, ma hope o kekahi manawa e hoʻomaka ia e hoʻokuʻu i kahi wai momona o kahi kala ʻalani alani, kokoke i ka fluorescent ma lalo o ke kukui. Haʻalele ka wai i kahi māka ma nā lima a lole paha inā pili ia me lākou. Hoʻopili ʻia nā gills o kēia fungus i lalo a me nā lōʻihi like ʻole, i ʻalani ke ʻōlani ʻalani, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka makahiki.
Ikaika ka wāwae, a hiki i 70 mm ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻalani i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio. Lawe nā pāpale a me nā wāwae i ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻelemakule a i ʻole ke hōʻino ʻia. He melemele keʻokeʻo ka paʻi spore.
Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pūlehu i nā wā mua o ka ulu ʻana, no ka mea, moe nā ʻūlū i loko o lākou. E ʻokiʻoki i ke kino i ka hapalua i ka hui ʻana e ʻike inā aia kekahi infestation e hōʻike iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mau kiko polū ʻeleʻele a me nā tunnels i ka mushroom. Ke oʻo nei, hele a mae nā kino o ka hua a lilo i nunui, piha nā laikini i nā larva a ʻono ʻole ʻole.
Nā ʻano o nā pāpale waiū saffron
Mīkini ʻulaʻula momona
He loli ka pāpale i ka nui, i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona makua ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 a 4 cm paha ke anawaena, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine mai 5 a 10 cm ke anawaena, ʻaʻole pinepine ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ana. I ka manawa mua, he ʻano kulu ko ka pāpale, a laila pālahalaha, pulu iki ke kikowaena, a lilo i corona. ʻO ka papa o ka pāpale he matte, ʻalani ʻalani me nā wahi concentric e ʻike ʻole ʻia; ulu koke ia me kekahi mau aniani hina a me nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele. ʻĀwili ʻia ka lihi i nā kamalā ʻōpio, ma hope e pālahalaha ʻia, wavy iki.
Hōʻike nāwaliwali ʻia ka hymenophore, ʻalani ʻulaʻula, bifurcated pinepine ʻia nā gills i ka peduncle. ʻO ke kohu waiū e hūnā ai i ʻalani ke ʻino ʻia, a i kekahi mau manawa ʻaneʻane ʻulaʻula. Huli ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā gills me ka ʻelemakule.
ʻO ka wāwae cylindrical 2-4 kenimika ka lōʻihi a me 1.2-1.8 kenimika i ke anawaena he kala e like me ke kala o ka pāpale, a i ʻole he paler. Kū paʻa ke koʻokoʻo i nā momi ʻōpio, hollow a porous i nā mākua.
ʻO ka pulp, mānoanoa, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka waena a me ka ʻalani i ka periphery hāʻawi i kahi wai wai wai i loko o ka carrot-ʻalani, akā ma hope o kekahi mau minuke huli ʻulaʻula ka waina. ʻOluʻolu ka ʻaʻala o ka wai, hua, momona o ka mushroom maka i ka ʻono, akā nalowale i ka wā kuke.
Pākani ʻulaʻula
Loaʻa nā kino hua i nā pāpale kihi me ka ʻāpana concave waena, a hiki i ke anawaena o 4-7.5 cm. Maʻalahi a paʻa ka papa o ka pāpale, a ʻūlū nā ʻaoʻao i lalo, ʻoiai ke oʻo a ka mākeke. ʻO ke kala o ka pāpale waiū saffron ʻulaʻula mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka ʻalani, i kekahi manawa me nā kiko hina a hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a keu hoʻi kahi i pohō ka ʻili.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā gills me ka wāwae a pili pono iā ia. Pale pua keʻokeʻo lākou me ka lihi a pinkish pale.
2.0-3.5 knm ka lōʻihi o ka cylindrical a 1-2 cm ka mānoanoa.ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka melemele a i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i kekahi manawa me nā punctures ʻole ʻeleʻele. Pili ka ʻiʻo mai paʻa a palupalu. Ma ka wāwae, palupalu a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ia. Ma lalo o ka cuticle o ka pāpale, he brick-brown a brownish-ʻulaʻula ma luna pono o nā gills.
ʻO ka ʻono o nā hua ʻulaʻula mai ka mālie a i ka ʻawa iki. ʻAʻohe ona ʻaʻala kikoʻī.
Nā spores mai spherical a i ellipsoidal, ka nui 7.9-9.5 x 8.0-8.8 µm Loaʻa iā lākou nā kāhiko o ka papa i 0.8 µm i ke kiʻekiʻe a me kahi retikulum kokoke i piha me nā wana ākea ākea.
ʻO Basidia (spore cells) he paukūʻolokaʻa, me nā spores ʻehā a ana 50-70 x 9-11 µm.
Kahiki kaina
ʻO ka nui o ka pāpale mushroom spruce mai 3 a 10 centimita, kākaʻikahi wale nō a hiki i 12 kenimika ka laula, concave i ka waena a poepoe. I ka wā ma mua, kūpale ka pāpale, ʻewaʻewa iki nā kihi. Lawe pālahalaha ke ʻano o ke ʻano funnel ma ke kikowaena. Maʻalahi ka ʻili o ka pāpale, momona i ka wā wai pulu a hinuhinu iki ke hoʻomaloʻo. ʻO kona ʻano mai ka tangerine a i ka ʻalani-brown, ʻeleʻele a ʻōuli hoʻi i nā kaʻe melemele. ʻO ke kala o nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko a ma hope paha o ke anuanu / hau i hoʻololi i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Mālamu, like arc me lamellae me ka ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ke kihi iki o ke alo o ka ʻalani a pale i ka ocher, pili i ke koʻokoʻo. Palupalu lākou a hoʻopili ʻia me nā gills pōkole ʻaʻole lōʻihi loa mai ka lihi o ka pāpale i ka peduncle a me kekahi lālā ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu. Ma nā ʻalalā kahiko a i ʻole nā hihia o nā pohō, ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻulaʻula i mua a laila hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pā pua pale ka paepae spore.
ʻO ka wāwae ʻulaʻula cylindrical ʻulaʻula-ʻalani, uhi ʻia me nā kiko. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai 4 a 8, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 10 kenimika, ʻo ka laulā mai 1 a 1.5 centimita. I ke kumu, mānoanoa ka wāwae a puha i loko.
ʻO ka waiū waiū ma ke ʻano ʻulu-ʻulaʻula a lawe i ke kala burgundy ma waena o 10-30 mau minuke. ʻO kaʻiʻo palupalu a me ka ʻomaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo pinepine ʻia me nā lū. Inā ʻoki a haki paha kahi mushroom spruce, lilo ia i kāloti-ʻulaʻula mua, a laila burgundy, a ma hope o kekahi mau hola he ʻōmaʻomaʻo lepo. Honi ʻino ke kino e like me ka ʻaʻala hua, i ka mua he ʻono ʻoluʻolu nō ia, akā laila ʻala-awaʻawa, ʻona a i ʻole astringent paha.
Pāhulu paina
He pāpale kālika-ʻalani kā ka mushroom pine mai ka convex a i ke kinipōpō, e hoʻonui nei me nā makahiki a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaumaha waena. I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio, ʻūlū ia, 4-14 cm ma ʻō, e hōʻike pinepine nei i nā laina ʻalani ʻalani a i ʻole nā apo concentric o nā fibril māmā. Pāleʻaleʻa ka pāpale, pili a viscous ke pulu, maloʻo maʻamau. Inā hōʻino, lilo ka pāpale i ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Kūleʻa ka fungus i nā gills palupalu. E iho lākou i lalo i kahi kumu ʻalani ʻoniʻoni, kahi hollow pinepine i loko, 3 a 8 cm ka lōʻihi a 1 a 2 cm ka mānoanoa, pololei a paukūʻolokaʻa a i ʻole ka piʻo ʻana i ke kumu. ʻO keʻokeʻo o ka hymenophore he keʻokeʻo ma mua, a laila ʻalani-ʻalani ʻalani, i nā momona i lilo i ʻalani ʻeleʻele. Inā hōʻino, huli ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kani.
Huli ʻōuli ke kino o ka fungus i ka wā ʻino. Hūnā ka mushroom pine hou i ka wai ʻalani-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka waiū i hoʻololi ʻole i ke kala.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka pāpale a me nā wāwae o nā ʻāhi pine paina he crispy, haki ka mushroom me kahi bang. Keʻokeʻo kaʻiʻo me nā laina ʻulaʻula-ʻalani a me nā kiko kahi e hana ʻia ai ka waiū waiū.
ʻAʻole maopopo ka pilau o ka mushroom, pungent iki ka ʻono. ʻAʻohe apo a pale paha. ʻO Spores 8-11 × 7-9 µm, me nā kualono pili pili.
ʻAla e like me nā ʻalalā (wahaheʻe)
Nalu ʻākala
ʻAi ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pepa cayenne. ʻO ka ʻono maikaʻi loa o ka mushroom maka e alakaʻi i ke alelo. Hōʻike kekahi mau mea kākau he lāʻau ʻona loa kēia a i ʻole kumu ʻia "moderator to fatal gastroenteritis". ʻO ka wai wai wai a me ka wai kaomi o nā kino hua, ke ʻīkī ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka rana, hoʻohaunaele i ka hanu ʻana, hoʻokumu i ka maʻi lōlō a me ka make hope loa.
ʻO nā ʻōuli e hana mau ʻia ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mushroom raw me:
- nausea;
- ka luaʻi;
- ʻōpū nui loa e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Hoʻopau kēia hui pū me ka wai maloʻo, alakaʻi i ka cramp Muscle a hoʻopilikia i ka holo ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻo Gastroenteritis me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau ʻana i nā lā ʻelua.
Me nā hōʻike o ka hoʻowahāwahā, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mushroom poni ma Finilana, Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻākau ʻākau a me ʻEulopa hikina hoʻi, mahu, mālama ʻia i ka wai brine no kekahi mau lā a i ʻole pickled a waiwai ʻia no kāna ʻono maikaʻi loa. I Norewai lākou i palai ai a hoʻohui ʻia i ke kofe.
Miller nui a papillary paha
ʻO ka pāpale he concave-prostrate me kahi tubercle liʻiliʻi i waenakonu o ka ʻiʻo kikokiko, ma kahi o 9 cm ke anawaena. ʻO ke kala o ka mushroom brown-hina a brown brown. Maloʻo nā pāpale melemele o nā hiʻohiʻona overripe. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā gills he beige māmā, ʻulaʻula i ka manawa.
He keʻokeʻo ke koʻokoʻo, hollow i loko, tubular, 3.7 cm ka lōʻihi, i nā ʻulā kahiko loaʻa iā ia ke kala o ka pāpale. ʻAʻohe honi, keʻokeʻo, palupalu, lahilahi ka pulp. Pouli ke poino. ʻAʻole hoʻololi ka waiū huluhulu i ka lewa, ʻono ia i ka momona, ʻawaʻawa ka hope. ʻAno e like me ka mauʻu a me ka niu hou e like me ka mauʻu momona papillary maloʻo.
Hoʻopili ka waiū waiū ʻono i ka ʻono o ka pā, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawahia i ka momona. Hoʻopulu ʻia kahi lactarius nui i ka wai no 3 mau lā me nā loli o ka wai pinepine, paʻakai a ʻākia.
ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo ka pulp i ka waiwai caloric i kaʻiʻo, loaʻa ka fiber, nā huaora, nā protein, macro a me nā microelement. Māʻona koke ke kanaka, hoʻomau ʻole ke kaumaha o ke kino.
Milky ʻaʻala
He ʻono malt hou kā ka mushroom a me kahi ʻala niu. Mea wili palaoa, ʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano mau. ʻAwaʻawa a wai hoʻi ka waiū waiū keʻokeʻo. Kūpono no ka meaʻai ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi lōʻihi ʻana i ka wai anuanu a me ka paʻakai. ʻAi pū ʻia lākou me ka russula a i ʻole podgruzdki. Ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, ʻona ka waiu waiu ʻaʻala.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā gills pinepine a lahilahi me ka wāwae, nā ʻiʻo kikokiko, a, ke haki, hūnā i ka waiū waiū copious. ʻO ka pāpale hina-kino, kuhi i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio, he liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha me ka makahiki, hohonu ka funnel i waenakonu. Maloʻo ka ʻili a maka liʻiliʻi.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke koʻokoʻo a maʻalahi ma mua o ka pāpale, e like paha me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke anawaena o ka pāpale, puha i loko. ʻO ka pulp me keʻala o ka niu keʻokeʻo, momona, palupalu, hou, waiho i kahi spicy aftertaste. ʻAʻole loli ka waiū waiū keʻokeʻo nui i ka lewa.
Kahi e ulu ai ka mū
I ke kūlohelohe, he like nā mushroom he nui me nā fungus. Ke hoʻoholo nei inā he ʻai a ʻaʻole paha, e noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi o ka hōʻiliʻili. Ulu wale nā fungus ma lalo o nā pine. ʻO kēia no ka mycelium kahi i puka mai ai nā ʻalalā e hoʻopili wale ʻia i nā aʻa o nā pine (nā lāʻau ʻEulopa). Kūkulu kēia ʻano i kahi pilina mycorrhizal (symbiosis) me nā pine i hoʻolauna ʻia. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi mea āu e manaʻo ai he mūlū e ulu ana ma kahi o nā lāʻau paina, a laila ʻaʻole e ʻohi a ʻai paha i kēia mau ʻalalā, no ka mea he awaawa lākou.
Manawa hōʻiliʻili
Ulu ʻo Gingerbreads i ke anuanu anuanu a ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka hāʻule. ʻOhi ka poʻe ʻalalā i nā ʻalalā a me nā hau i ka wā i nalowale nā lāʻau i kā lākou lau a peʻe ka hūnā ma lalo o ia. No laila, hāpai lākou i nā lau me kahi koʻokoʻo, i ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā ʻalalā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi
Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Ryzhiks i nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai i ka ʻike o nā multivitamins. ʻAi ʻia lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike, ka ʻili a me ke ʻano o ka lauoho. ʻO nā amino acid pono o nā huaʻomaʻo he 75-80% digestible. ʻAʻole emi ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā amino acid mushroom i nā protein holoholona. ʻAi pū ka poʻe i nā pāpale waiū saffron hou e kiʻi i ka ʻono kūlohelohe a me nā meaʻai ʻole me ka kuke ʻole ʻia.
Nā Kūʻai Kūʻai
Aia kekahi mau contraindications. Nā ʻāpana nui o nā pāpale waiū saffron:
- kumu kūpilikiʻi;
- atrophy nāʻiʻo;
- hoʻemi i ke kani holoʻokoʻa;
- hoʻonui i ka cholecystitis a me ka pancreatitis;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka acidity o ka wai gastric;
- pākahi intolerable.
ʻAʻole hoʻopau ka huahana ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka gallbladder. E hōʻeha ʻo Ryzhiks inā huikau lākou me nā ʻalalepa wahaheʻe kūwaho. Nā hopena o ka hoʻohana:
- huhū;
- lāʻau make make.
Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā ʻalalā ke maopopo lākou i nā ʻano mushroom.
Haʻahaʻa nā ʻalalā hou i nā kalori, he momona nā paʻakai paʻakai a me nā pickled. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka poʻe me ka nui o ke kaupaona e kuke i nā ʻalalā i kuke ʻia i ka brine a i ʻole marinade.
