He mea maʻamau ke kāhea ʻana i ke ahi i ke kaʻina kuni i kāohi ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā ahi nahele - ke kaʻina like, akā ma kahi kahi i kanu nui ʻia me nā kumu lāʻau. Kūleʻa nā ahi nahele ma nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu ana i nā mauʻu, nāhelehele, lāʻau make a peat paha. ʻO nā kumu a me nā hopena o ia mau pōpilikia ʻokoʻa mai kēlā me kēia wahi.
Hōʻike ka lānahu Fossil ua hoʻomaka ke ahi ma hope koke iho o ke kū ʻana o nā mea kanu ʻāina 420 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ahi nahele ma loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ola honua e hāpai i ka manaʻo e loaʻa i kahi ahi kahi hopena evolutionary i nā flora a me nā holoholona o ka nui o nā kaiaola.
Nā ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ahi nahele
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o ke ahi nahele: ma uka, lalo a me lalo.
Puhi nā lio i nā kumulāʻau a hiki loa i luna. ʻO kēia nā ahi ahi ikaika loa a weliweli hoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hoʻopili ikaika lākou i ka lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma aneʻi ʻo kēlā ahi i nā ululāʻau coniferous ka mea weliweli loa ma muli o ka ikaika o ka wela o nā lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, kōkua ia i ke kaiaolaola, no ka mea ke puhi ʻia ka dome, hiki i ka lā ke hele i ka honua, e hoʻomau ana i ke ola ma hope o ka pōpilikia.
Pau nā ahi ahi i nā papa haʻahaʻa o nā kumu lāʻau, nā kumulāʻau a me ka uhi honua (nā mea āpau e uhi ana i ka honua: nā lau, nā lau, a pēlā aku.). ʻO ia ka māmā loa a hana iki i ka pōʻino.
Kū nā ahi ma lalo i nā hōʻiliʻili hohonu o humus, peat, a me nā mea kanu make e like me ka maloʻo e hoʻā. Hoʻolahalaha nui kēia mau ahi, akā i kekahi manawa ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī e pio. I kekahi manawa, keu hoʻi i nā kau maloʻo lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke puhi i ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, a laila ʻike hou ʻia ma luna i ka puna.
Kiʻi o ke ahi nahele e holo ana
Nā kumu o ka hanana
Hiki ke kumu ʻia nā ahi nahele e nā kumu kūlohelohe a me nā kumu.
ʻO nā kumu kūlohelohe pū kekahi me nā uila, nā luaipele (nā luaipele ʻeleu i Lūkia), nā hunaahi mai ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pōhaku a me ka ʻaʻa wale ʻana. ʻO kēlā me kēia o lākou kahi kumu ahi no nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ahi nahele ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka nui o nā mea i puhi ʻia, a pēlā aku.
No nā kumu i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, hiki i ke ahi ulu lāʻau ke puka i kahi ahi e like me ka lapalapa, ka uahi paka, ka uila uila, a i ʻole kekahi kumu o ka hoʻā ʻana e hui pū me nā mea lapalapa i ka nahele ma muli o ka mālama ʻole ʻia o ke kanaka, mālama ʻole, a i ʻole ka makemake.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ahi
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ahi nahele. E noho pōkole kāua ma luna o lākou. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ma ke ʻano o ke ahi, mahele ʻia nā ahi nahele i: i uka, i lalo a i lalo.
Wahi a ka wikiwiki o ka holomua, mahele ʻia nā ahi o luna a me nā ahi i loko o nā mea mahuka a paʻa.
Kuhi ʻia kahi ahi lalo e nāwaliwali, e pili ana ma mua o 25 knm. Medium - 25-50 cm, a ikaika inā ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 cm i puhi ʻia.
Hoʻokaʻawale pū ʻia nā ahi nahele ma muli o ka ʻāpana o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana. Kuhi ʻia kahi ahi e kahi catastrophic, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahi i uhi ʻia e ka mea ahi ma mua o 2000 hectares. Hoʻokomo nā ahi nui i nā ahi ma kahi o 200 a 2000 hectares. Kuhi ʻia kahi pōpilikia ma waena o 20 a 200 mau ʻeka. Liʻiliʻi - mai 2 a 20 hectares. Kapa ʻia ke ahi he ahi ʻaʻole e hele i mua o 2 hectares.
Ke kinai nei i nā ahi nahele
Pili ka hana a ke ahi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻā ʻana, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lapalapa ahi a me ka laha ʻana o ke ahi. I nā ahi nahele, pili kēia ʻano i ka pili o nā wahie (e like me nā nila, nā lau, a me nā lālā), ke aniau, a me ka ʻāina.
I ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai, e hoʻomau ka hoʻā ʻana i ke ahi inā wale nō ke ana wela, oxygen a me kekahi aila wahie. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mau mea ʻekolu he "triangle ahi".
I kinai ahi, pono e hoʻopau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā mea o ka triangle ahi. E hoʻomaka nā mea ahi ma ke ʻano penei:
- nā kumulāʻau anuanu ma lalo o kā lākou mahana wela e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, huʻa a one paha;
- hoʻopau i ka lako oxygen me ka wai, retarder a i ʻole ke one;
I ka hopena, hemo nā mea kuni, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā kumu lāʻau ma mua o ke ahi e hiki mai ana.
Nā hopena
ʻO ke ahi ke kumu nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻāina a he nui nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pilikanaka, e like me:
- nalo o nā kumuwaiwai waiwai nui;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā wahi paʻa;
- ka nalo ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona;
- nalo o ka nohona no ka holoholona lōhiu a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka holoholona lōhiu;
- ka lohi o ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka uhi ulu lāʻau;
- hoʻomehana o ka honua;
- ka hoʻonui i ka mahele o ka CO2 i ka lewa;
- nā hoʻololi i ka microclimate o ka ʻāina;
- ka hoʻoneoneo o ka lepo e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka lepo a me ka momona;
Kū ka depletion o ka ozone layer.
ʻO nā ahi nahele ma Lūkia
Wahi a nā hōʻike helu, no ka manawa mai 1976 a 2017, mai 11,800 a i 36,600 ahi ahi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wahi pale o ka waihona nahele o ka Russian Federation ma kahi o 235,000 a 5,340,000 hectares (ha). I ka manawa like, ʻokoʻa ka wahi o nā wahi ala ulu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ke ahi, mai 170,000 a i 4,290,000 hectares.
Hoʻokumu ke ahi nahele i nā mea kūlohelohe ʻole i nā kumuwaiwai. ʻO nā ahi o kēia ʻano mai 7.0% a 23% o ka nui o ka waihona o ka ulu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ahi. Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, hoʻolaha ākea ke ahi lepo, e hōʻino ana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Kū lākou i 70% a 90% o nā hihia. ʻO nā ahi lalo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā ʻo ka mea hōʻino loa. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kā lākou mahele ma mua o 0.5% o ka nui o nā wahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ahi nahele (ʻoi aku ma mua o 85%) he kumu kūpuna. ʻO ka mahele o nā kumu kūlohelohe (hoʻokuʻu uila) ma kahi o 12% o ka huina a me 42.0% o ka nui o ka wahi.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā helu helu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ahi ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, a laila ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa lākou pinepine pinepine ʻia, akā ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, a ma ka ʻāpana Asia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Siberia a me ka Hikina Hikina, kahi e helu ai ka hapakolu o ka nui o ka waihona o ka ululāʻau, aia ma nā ʻāina i kāohi ʻole ʻia, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ai ke ahi a huli ʻole i nā ʻano helu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻole ʻia nā ahi ahi ma kēia mau wahi e like me ka ʻikepili o ka mokuʻāina e pili ana i nā papa inoa o nā ululāʻau, kahi e pili ana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā wahi i puhi ʻia i nā ʻoihana ulu lāʻau āpau a me nā mea kuleana o ka Russian Federation.
Kāohi ʻana i nā ahi nahele
E kōkua nā hana pale i ka pale ʻana i kēia ʻano hanana a mālama i ka waiwai ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka honua. Hoʻopili lākou i kēia mau hana:
- ke kau ʻana i nā kiko kī;
- ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā wahi ahi me ka mālama wai a me nā mea kinai ʻē aʻe;
- hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā ululāʻau;
- ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā wahi kūikawā no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻomaha.
He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo i nā kamaʻāina e pili ana i ka hana palekana me ke ahi.
Ka mālama ʻana
- ʻO ka nānā ʻana, ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻopili pū i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o nā nānā a me ka helu helu helu. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana ākea ma ka honua, ua hiki ke nānā i nā hanana mai kahi ukali. Me nā hale kiaʻi e nānā ai, hāʻawi nā satelite i kōkua nui ʻole i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiko ahi.
- ʻO ka lua o ka mea pono e hilinaʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana. I loko o kahi hui kūpilikiʻi, eia ke ʻano ʻaʻole pono ka helu o nā mea hoʻohoka wahaheʻe ma mua o 10% o nā ʻike āpau.
- ʻO ke kumu ʻekolu ke wahi o ke ahi. Pono e ʻike ka ʻōnaehana i ke ahi e like me ka pololei. ʻO ka manaʻo o ia ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka pololei i ʻae ʻia ma mua o 500 mika mai ka wahi maoli.
- ʻEhā, pono i ka ʻōnaehana ke hāʻawi i kekahi mau kuhi o ka palahalaha ʻana o ke ahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ke ala hea a i ka wikiwiki hea e neʻe ai ke ahi, e like me ka wikiwiki a me ka ʻaoʻao o ka makani. Ke loaʻa i nā kikowaena kūloko (a i ʻole nā keʻena ahi) kahi makaʻala lehulehu i ka uahi, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe luna i ke ʻano nui o nā ahi ma ko lākou wahi.
