He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Snipe me kahi nuku loloa, pololei a ʻoi hoʻi. No ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kēia manu hūnā a ʻano ʻē hoʻi i kapa ʻia ai ka pū laikini huli holoholona kaulana.
Hōʻike o snipe
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana kaulana loa o ka ʻohana snipe, no ka ʻoka Charadriiformes, i kēia lā ʻaʻole nui wale ma nā latitude Lūkia, akā ma ka pae honua hoʻi.
Helehelena
ʻO Snipe kekahi o nā manu e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ma muli o kona nuku loloa a lahilahi, a me ke ʻano brownish variegated color... ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā lāhui he ʻohana pili loa ia o ka lāʻau lāʻau. He wikiwiki ka ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka lele, hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki ʻaʻole wale ma ka honua, akā i ka wai.
ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi manu makua, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 28 cm, me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 90-200 gram. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nuku pololei o ka manu ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino (ma kahi o 7.5 cm). Kuhi ka nuku o nā ʻelele o ka laha i ka hopena, no laila he hoʻololi maikaʻi loa ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ke one, ka lepo a me ka lepo palupalu.
ʻO nā wāwae o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana snipe, no ke kauoha Charadriiformes, he pōkole a lahilahi. Nui nā maka o ka manu, kiʻekiʻe a ʻike ʻia hoʻi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ke kua o ke poʻo, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻike ākea ākea a me ka hiki ke ʻike maikaʻi loa a hiki i ke ʻano o ka auwina.
Hoihoi ia! Ma waena o ka poʻe, ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka snipe he keiki hipa, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻano pilikino e hiki ai i ka manu ke hana i loko o kēia wā: ʻo nā leo ʻano ʻē "che-ke-che-ke-che-ke."
ʻO ka plumage o ka snipe he brownish-ʻulaʻula i ke kala, me nā kukui uila a me nā ʻeleʻele. Ma nā kihi o ka hulu, haʻi ʻia nā kaha keʻokeʻo. Mālamalama ka wahi ʻōpū o ka wader, me ka ʻole o nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻelele o nā laha e lawelawe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he camouflage maikaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hūnā ma waena o nā lau nahele mauʻu haʻahaʻa.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO Snipe nā manu neʻe. I ka pūnāwai, hiki wawe ka poʻe lunamaka o nā laha, ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ka hau i loko o nā poho wai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kazakhstan, ma ka panalāʻau o Uzbekistan a me Turkmenistan, ʻike ʻia nā waders i nā lā mua o Malaki, a hōʻea kēia mau manu i Ukraine a me Belarus i nā lā he 10 i hala o Malaki.
ʻO ia mau manu i hele mai i ka moku ʻo Moscow i ka mua o ʻApelila, a kokoke i Yakutsk - ma ka waena wale nō o ka mahina puna i hala. Makemake nā manu e lele hoʻokahi, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, e hoʻopuka ana i kahi uē ʻoi loa "tundra" i ka hoʻomaka mua o kā lākou lele. Holo pinepine ka lele i ka pō, a i ke ao e hānai a hoʻomaha nā snipe. I kekahi manawa hui pū nā waders i nā hui o kekahi mau manu a i ʻole ʻaʻole nui nā hipa no ka lele.
ʻO Snipe nā haku ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lele... Kūleʻa nui nā Lunamakaainana o ka laha i ka lewa a hiki ke wehewehe i nā pirouette maoli a i ʻole zigzags. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he agile kēlā mau manu ma hope o ka hala ʻana o kēia wā. Holo wikiwiki nā manu i ka lewa, e hoʻololi pinepine i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe lele.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o snipe
ʻO ka awelika, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a ʻepekema hoʻi i hōʻoia i ke ola o ka snipe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i nā makahiki he ʻumi. Kūpono loa kēlā wā lōʻihi no nā manu i ko lākou kūlohelohe.
Dimorphism moekolohe
No nā kāne ʻelua, ʻike ʻia nā lunamaka o nā lāhui Bekasy e kahi ʻano like a me ke kaupaona like, no laila, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe. Loaʻa i ka snipe ʻōpio kahi waihoʻoluʻu pale kupaianaha. Hōʻike wale ʻia ka loli o nā ʻāpana ʻekolu i ka ʻano o nā kikoʻī o nā lauana a me nā aka i ke kala o ka plumage, a me ka nui o ka manu a me kekahi mau kūlike o ke kino.
Nā ʻanoʻano o ka snipe
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻohana e nā ʻano he iwakālua, a me 47 mau ʻāpana, ʻokoʻa i ka hiʻona, ka nohona a me nā ʻano maʻamau. I ka wā i hala iho nei, ma ʻEnelani, ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau manu ʻo Snipe (sniper).
ʻO kekahi o nā subspecies o snipe:
- Andean;
- Royal;
- Liʻiliʻi;
- Mālei;
- Lōʻihi-kau ʻia;
- Makakakeka;
- Cordillera;
- Kuahiwi;
- ʻApelika
- Ululaau;
- ʻAmelika;
- Kepanī;
- Nui.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua loaʻa i nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā panalāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema mai ʻĀkauka a i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Labrador.
Loaʻa nā snipe ma nā mokupuni: ʻIlia, ʻAzores, Pelekane a me Faroese. Noho ka nui o nā manu iā Eurasia mai ke komohana o Palani a me Scandinavia a i ka ʻaoʻao hikina a i ke kapakai o ka Chukchi Peninsula. Noho nā kolone manu ma kahakai o ke Kai Bering, ma Kamchatka a me nā mokupuni Commander, ma ke kahakai o ke kai ʻo Okhotsk a me Sakhalin. Hoʻokomo ʻenekena nā Sandpipers ma ka mokupuni ʻo Vaygach.
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka snipe nā wahi pohō me nā mea kanu ulu nui a ʻaʻole paha. He kamaʻāina nā manu o ka payau, a ʻo nā wai wai hāmama me nā mea kanu kai kahakai, i hoʻopuni ʻia me nā ʻāpana lepo i haʻi ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! Aia nā kahua hoʻoilo nui no ka snipe ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ʻIrana a me India, Afghanistan a me Pakistan, Indonesia a me ka hema o Kina, Crimea a me Caucasus.
I ka wā o ka pūnana, hoʻopili nā snipe āpau i nā wahi o nā bogs me ka sedge ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai kūlohelohe. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa, ka pūnana snipe i loko o nā wahi nāhele pulu me nā hummocks a i ʻole ma nā kapa lepo o nā oxbows ākea.
Meaʻai Snipe
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai a ka snipe e nā mea kolo a me kā lākou larvae, a me nā ʻenuhe honua... I ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia, ʻo nā manu e ʻai i nā mollusks a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi. Me nā meaʻai o nā holoholona, hiki i ka snipe ke hoʻopau i nā meaʻai mea kanu, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua a me nā wana o nā mea kanu. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kaʻina hana ʻana o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka ʻōpū, ale ʻia e nā manu nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili o ke one.
Hele mai nā snipe no ka hānai ʻana e neʻe me ka ʻūlū, hopu i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. I mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai no nā manu, nānā ʻia ka lepo. I ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana, komo ka nuku i ka lepo a kokoke i lalo loa. ʻImi ʻia ka mea pio nui, e laʻa me ka ilo, māhelehele ʻia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ke kōkua o kahi nuku. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papa maʻamau, nā papaʻai makemake ʻia ʻo ka nele pinepine o ka hānai ke hoʻololi ke kau.
Hiki i nā manu liʻiliʻi ke ale i ka meaʻai i loaʻa me ka huki ʻole ʻana i ko lākou nuku mai nā lepo lepo. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai i nā kūlana papau o ka wai, hoʻolaha nā lunamaka o nā laha i ko lākou nuku loloa a ʻoi loa i loko o nā sediment mālie a, ʻoiai e neʻe mālie nei i mua, e nānā i nā papa o ka lepo. Ma ke kihi o ka nuku o ka manu, aia he helu nui o nā aʻa aʻa e ʻae iā ia e hopu i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kamaʻāina honua. ʻIke wale i ka mea pio, hopu nā snipe iā ia me ko lākou nuku.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā Snipe he mau manu monogamous kūlohelohe, ke hana nei i nā paʻa a paʻa mau i ka wā hānau. ʻAneʻane ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻea ʻana, hoʻomaka nā kāne o ka wader i kēia au ikaika. I ka wā o ka lele i kēia manawa, lele nā kāne i nā pōʻai, piʻi i luna i ka lewa kiʻekiʻe, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa e luʻu ana i lalo.
Ke "heleleʻi", hohola ka manu i kona mau ʻeheu a me ka huelo, ʻokiʻoki i nā papa lewa a haʻalulu, ma muli o kahi ʻano a me ke kani o ke kani e hoʻouluulu ai, e hoʻomanaʻo mau ana i ka puhū ʻana. Hele wāwae nā kāne noho, hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahi like no kēia kumu. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, hui pū nā wahine i nā kāne, a hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pālua i hoʻomau i ka wā hānau.
Hoihoi ia!Hana ʻino nā Snipe i ke kanikau ʻana i nā hola o ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, i ke anuanu a me ke ao kūpilikiʻi me ka ua loli. I kekahi manawa hele wāwae nā kāne ma ka honua, noho i kahi hummock a hana i nā leo i hoʻokani ʻia "tick, tick, tick".
Hana wale nā wahine i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pūnana a me ka hoʻouluulu hou ʻana o nā keiki, a hāʻawi pū nā kāne i ka mālama ʻana o nā pūnana hānau me nā wahine. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūnana ma luna o kahi puʻu kiʻekiʻe ʻole. He kaumaha ia i uhi ʻia me nā kumu lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia paʻa piha ʻehā a ʻelima paha pear-shaped, melemele a i ʻole ʻoliva-brown hua me nā ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā kiko hina. ʻEkolu mau pule ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana brooding.
ʻOiai ka pili o nā kāne i kā lākou mau pua, kahi ʻāpana nui o nā mālama e pili ana i ka hānai ʻia ʻana o nā keiki e hana ʻia e ka snipe wahine. ʻO ka manawa hoʻomoe hua manu i nā waders penei:
- ma ka mokuna o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Ukraine - nā makahiki he 10 i hala o ʻApelila;
- ma ka panalāʻau o ka moku ʻo Moscow - ke anahulu mua o Mei;
- ma ka panalāʻau o Taimyr - hopena o Iulai.
ʻO nā pīpī Sandpiper, ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, haʻalele i kā lākou pūnana. Mālama ke kāne a me ka wahine i ka pua ulu. Ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli mua o ka makaʻu, hoʻoneʻe ka mākua makua i nā keiki moa ma kahi mamao iki i ka lele. Piniki nā manu i nā puff ma waena o ka metatarsus a lele haʻahaʻa loa ma luna o ka pae honua. Hiki i nā moa keiki he ʻekolu pule ke lele no kahi manawa pōkole. Ma kahi o ke kauwela, ua aneane kūʻokoʻa loa nā ʻōpio. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka nā snipe i ka holomua i nā ʻāina hema.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO Snipe kahi mea leʻaleʻa haʻuki punahele i nā ʻāina he nui. ʻAʻole paʻakikī nā manu, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻae i nā ʻīlio me nā kānaka ʻimi holoholona i nā wahi pohō maʻemaʻe ma kahi o iwakālua mau ʻanuʻu e hoʻokokoke aku iā lākou a hoka i waho o kā lākou wahi ma mua o ke kī ʻana. Hiki i nā manu a me nā hua snipe iā lākou iho ke lilo i holoholona no nā holoholona he nui a me ka ʻāina, me nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻīlio hihiu, martens, nā wea a me nā felines. Mai ka lewa, ʻimi pinepine ʻia ka snipe e nā aeto a me nā kites, nā ʻio a me nā ʻalalā nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Me nā woodcock, gullets, sandpipe a me nā welina he nui loa, a me nā phalarope, ua hui ʻia nā ʻelele o ka Snipe ma kahi ʻohana ākea, kahi e hui nei ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau ʻenekini ʻano ʻāpana. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka lāhui wader.
