ʻO Koala - "ʻaʻole inu", ʻo kēia ka unuhi ʻana o ka inoa o kēia holoholona mai kekahi o nā loina kūloko o ʻAukekulelia. Ua hala he mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā meaolaola i kēia goof plush i kekahi manawa, akā inu mau i ka wai.
Hōʻike o ke koala
ʻO ka paionia o kēia ʻano he luna moku ʻo Barralier, ka mea i ʻike i ka makahiki 1802 a hoʻouna i nā koena o ke koala i ka wai ʻona i ke kiaʻāina o New South Wales. Ua hopu ʻia kahi koala ola ma kahi kokoke iā Sydney i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, a i mau mahina ʻelua ma hope ua ʻike ka poʻe heluhelu o ka Sydney Gazette i kāna wehewehe kikoʻī. Mai ka makahiki 1808, ua manaʻo ʻia ke koala he pili pili loa i ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia kekahi o ka ʻāpana like o nā marsupial ʻelua ʻelua me ia, akā ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana koal.
Helehelena
ʻO ka hui pūhenehene o ka ihu ili pālahalaha, nā maka makapō liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeiao expressive, ākea ākea me ka hulu e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao e hāʻawi i ka leʻaleʻa i ka hiʻohiʻona.
Ma waho, ua like iki ke koala me ka ʻōpū, akā, ʻokoʻa ka mea hope loa, hāʻawi ʻia ia me nā leʻaleʻa ʻoluʻolu, mānoanoa a palupalu a hiki i 3 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a me nā lālā elongated... ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona o ka ʻĀkau (ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine i kekahi manawa ke 5 kg), aneane ʻekolu mau manawa ka nui o nā mea hema (kaumaha nā kāne ma kahi o 14 kg).
Hoihoi ia! Kakaʻikahi ka poʻe i ʻike he mau māmela laha ʻole nā koala (me nā primates), nona nā manamana lima i huki ʻia me nā lau papillary kūikawā, e like me nā kānaka.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā niho o ke koala i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu a like ke ʻano me nā niho o nā mea ʻelua incisor marsupial (e like me kangaroos a me nā ʻōpū). Hoʻokiʻokiʻi nā mea ʻoi, kahi e ʻoki ai ka holoholona i nā lau, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā niho wili ʻana kekahi i kekahi e ka diastema.
Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana a ke koala i nā kumulāʻau, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe iā ia i nā māiʻu lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi i kona mau wāwae mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia lima me nā manamana lima biphalangeal ʻelua (hoʻokaʻawale ʻia) kūʻē i nā manamana lima ʻekolu (me ʻekolu mau phalanges).
Hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa nā wāwae o hope: hoʻokahi manamana nui o ka wāwae (devoid of a claw) a me nā mea ʻehā ʻē aʻe i mākaukau me nā māiʻuʻu. Mahalo i kāna mau ʻūlū paʻa, pili paʻa ka holoholona i nā lālā, pani ʻana i kona mau lima i kahi laka: i kēia kūlana, pili ke koala i kona makuahine (a hiki i ke kūʻokoʻa ʻana), a oʻo, makua, ʻai ʻia, kau ʻia ma hoʻokahi ʻāpā a hiamoe.
ʻO ka pale mānoanoa he hina uahi, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū ma mua. Ua like ka huelo me ka bea: pōkole loa ia a ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe o waho.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Hana ʻia ke ola holoʻokoʻa o kahi koala i loko o ka mānoanoa o kahi ululāʻau eucalyptus: i ke ao e hiamoe ana ʻo ia, e noho ana ma luna o ka lālā / keoki i nā lālā, a i ka pō piʻi ʻo ia i ka lei aliʻi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai.
Noho wale nā wahine, haʻalele ʻole i nā palena o kā lākou kuka ponoʻī, i kēlā me kēia manawa (ʻo ka maʻamau ma nā wahi momona ka meaʻai) kūlike... ʻAʻole kau palena nā kāne, akā ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka launa ʻana: ke hui lāua (keu i ka wā o ka rut), hakakā lākou a ʻeha lākou.
Hiki iā Koala ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi kūlana no 16-18 mau hola i ka lā, me ka helu ʻole i ka hiamoe. Numb, noho ʻo ia me ka ʻole o ka neʻe, ke hoʻopaʻa nei i ka pahu a me ka lālā me kona forelimbs. Ke pau ka lau, lele wale ke koala a ʻeleu hoʻi i ka lāʻau aʻe, e iho wale ana i ka honua inā mamao loa ka pahu hopu.
I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hōʻike ke koala i kāohi ʻia i kahi holo ikaika, mahalo a hiki koke i ka lāʻau kokoke a piʻi i luna. Inā pono, e hele i ka pale i ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! Noho hāmau ke koala, akā ke makaʻu a ʻeha paha, hana ia i kahi leo nui a haʻahaʻa hoʻi, e pūʻiwa nei no kāna hana liʻiliʻi. No kēia uē, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o nā zoologists, he mau kaula leo (hou), aia ma ke kua o ka larynx, ke kuleana.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūkulu ka moku ʻAukekulelia i mau ala nui e hele ana i nā ululāʻau eucalyptus, a me nā koala lohi, e hele ana i ke ala, a make pinepine ma lalo o nā huila. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike haʻahaʻa o koala e ko lākou ʻano aloha ʻoluʻolu a me ke ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi: i ke pio ʻana, pili lākou i ka poʻe mālama iā lākou.
Wā ola
I ka nahelehele, ola ke koala a ma kahi o 12-13 mau makahiki, akā i nā zoo me ka mālama maikaʻi, ua ola kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i 18-20 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma ke ʻano he endemik i ka pae ʻāina ʻo ʻAukekulelia, aia wale nō ke koala ma aneʻi a ma kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka laulā kūlohelohe o ka marsupial e komo pū nā wahi kai ma ka hikina a me ka hema o Australia. I ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lawe ʻia mai nā koala i Western Australia (Yanchep Park), a i kekahi mau mokupuni (e like me Magnitny Island a me Kangaroo Island) kokoke i Kuini. I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Magnitny Island ma ke kiko ʻākau loa o ka pae hou.
I ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia i hala, ua luku ʻia nā marsupial e noho ana i ka mokuʻāina ʻo South Australia ma nā helu he nui. Pono e hoʻihoʻi i nā holoholona me nā holoholona i lawe ʻia mai Victoria mai.
Mea nui! I kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻāpana āpau o ka laulā, e hoʻopili ana ma kahi o 30 mau wahi biogeographic, aneane 1 miliona km². ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o koala nā ululāʻau eucalyptus mānoanoa, aia i loko o kahi pūʻai kokoke me kēia mau marsupial.
ʻAi Koala
ʻAʻohe o ka holoholona hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū meaʻai - ʻo ka squirrel lele wale nō a me ka couscous huelo e hōʻike i nā makemake gastronomic like. ʻO nā pua Fibrous a me nā lau eucalyptus (me ka nui o nā phenolic / terpene) nā mea a koala e ʻai ai no ka ʻaina kakahiaka, ʻaina awakea a me ka ʻaina awakea... Aia kahi protein i kēia mea kanu, a hana ʻia hoʻi ka acid prussic i loko o nā wana ʻōpio (me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ke kauwela).
Akā ʻo nā holoholona, mahalo i ko lākou ʻaʻala nui, ua aʻo e koho i nā ʻano mea ʻawau liʻiliʻi loa o nā lāʻau eucalyptus, e ulu mau ana ma ka lepo momona ma nā kapa muliwai. ʻO kā lākou lau, e like me ka mea i hele aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau make ma mua o nā lāʻau e ulu ana i nā wahi infertile. Ua helu ʻia nā meaolaola he 120 wale nō o ʻewalu haneli mau ʻano eucalyptus i loko o ka lako o ka marsupial.
Mea nui! Kūlike ka mea o ka calorie haʻahaʻa o ka meaʻai me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ikehu o kahi holoholona phlegmatic, ʻoiai he ʻelua manawa ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka metabolism ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā mea hānai. I ke ʻano o ka helu metabolic, hoʻohālikelike ke koala me ka sloth a me ka ʻōpū.
I ka lā, ʻohiʻohi ka holoholona a nau pono i nā lau mai ka 0,5 a i ka 1.1 kg o nā lau, e waiho ana i ka ʻiʻo papa i loko o kāna mau ʻeke papalina. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia ka tract digestive i ka digestion o nā olonā mea kanu: kōkua ʻia kā lākou lawe ʻia ʻana e kahi microflora kū hoʻokahi me nā bacteria e maʻalahi e hoʻopau i ka cellulose mānoanoa.
Ke hoʻomau nei ke kaʻina hana i ka hana ʻana i ka cecum (a hiki i ka 2.4 m ka lōʻihi), a laila lawe ʻia ke akepaʻa, e hoʻonele i nā mea make āpau e komo i ke koko.
Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, lawe ʻia nā koala e ʻai i ka ʻāina - no laila ke pani nei lākou no ka nele o nā minelala waiwai. ʻAʻole inu iki kēia mau marsupial: aia wale ka wai i kā lākou papaʻai ke maʻi lākou, a i nā wā o ka maloʻo lōʻihi. I nā manawa maʻamau, lawa ka hau o ke koala e kau ma luna o nā lau, a me ke onaona i loko o nā lau eucalyptus.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole momona ʻo Koala a hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia wā, mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i Pepeluali, ʻānai nā kāne i ko lākou umauma i nā pahu (e waiho i ko lākou mau māka) a walaʻau nui me ke kāhea ʻana i kahi hoa.
Koho nā wahine i ka mea noi no ka hoʻōho puʻuwai puʻuwai (lohe ʻia i kēlā me kēia kilomika) a me ka nui (ʻo ka nui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi). ʻAʻole lawa ka mau koala kāne (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou), no laila koho ʻia kekahi i mea momona mai 2 a 5 mau wahine i kēlā me kēia kau.
Hoihoi ia! He peni kakā kā ke kāne, aia he 2 mau puʻupaʻa a he 2 uterus kūʻokoʻa ka wahine: ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻohua o nā marsupial āpau. Hana ʻia ka moekolohe ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, hānau ʻia ma kahi o 30-35 mau lā. ʻAʻohe hānau ʻo Koalas i nā māhoe, ʻo ka pinepine o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o kahi keiki ʻōlohelohe a poni (a i 1.8 knm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia 5.5 g).
Inu ka cub i ka waiū no ʻeono mau mahina a noho i loko o kahi ʻeke, a no nā mahina ʻeono e hiki mai ana e holo ana ma ka makuahine (kua a i ʻole ʻōpū), lālau i ka huluhulu. Ma 30 mau makahiki o kona mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i ka hānai makuahine - porridge i hana ʻia mai nā lau hapa ʻai i hoʻoiho ʻia. ʻAi ʻo ia i kēia meaʻai no hoʻokahi mahina.
Loaʻa i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke kūʻokoʻa ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā noho mau nā kāne me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i 2-3 mau makahiki, ʻoiai haʻalele nā wahine hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki i ka hale e ʻimi i kā lākou mau kuka ponoʻī. Loaʻa ka hānau ma nā wahine i 2-3 mau makahiki, i nā kāne ma 3-4 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke ʻano, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā koala.... ʻO nā ʻīlio hope loa me nā ʻīlio dingo hihiu a me nā ʻīlio hihiu hānai. Akā hoʻouka wale kēia mau mea hōʻihi wale i nā marsupial e neʻe lohi, e hōʻole nei i kā lākou ʻiʻo no ka ʻala o ka eucalyptus ʻōlinolino.
ʻO nā maʻi e like me cystitis, conjunctivitis, periostitis o ka iwi poʻo a me sinusitis ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā holoholona. I nā koala, hoʻopau pinepine ka mumū o nā sinus (sinusitis) me ka niumonia, keu hoʻi i nā hoʻoilo anuanu. ʻIke ʻia, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā epizootics o sinusitis paʻakikī i kū ma 1887-1889 a me 1900-1903 i alakaʻi ʻia i kahi hōʻemi kūpono i ka helu o kēia mau marsupial.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka Epizootics, ua manaʻo ʻia ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā koala, akā ma mua wale nō o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā poʻe noho ʻEulopa, ka poʻe i hoʻomaka e kī kī holoholona no ko lākou huluhulu nani manoanoa. Ua hilinaʻi ʻo Koalas i ka poʻe a no laila lilo maʻalahi lākou i waiwai pio - i ka makahiki 1924 wale nō, hoʻomākaukau nā mea ʻimi holoholona o ka hikina i 2 mau ʻili nani.
ʻO ka emi nui o ka heluna kanaka i hoʻowalewale i ke aupuni o Australia e hana i ka hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi: ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā koala, a mai ka makahiki 1927 ua pāpā loa ʻia. Ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala, a ma 1954 wale nō ka heluna o nā marsupial i hoʻomaka e hoʻōla mālie.
I kēia manawa i kekahi mau wahi he nui loa o nā koala - ma kahi o. Ua hoʻonui lākou e like me kangaroos a pau lākou i ka ʻai i nā kumulāʻau eucalyptus, e hoʻopau ana i kā lākou waihona meaʻai ponoʻī. Akā ʻo ka noi e kī ʻia ʻo 2/3 o ka pipi i hōʻole ʻia e nā luna o South Australia, no ka mea e loaʻa kēia i ka inoa o ka mokuʻāina.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole makaʻu ke aupuni o Victoria e hana ʻino i ke kiʻi o ka ʻāina a kauoha aku e hōʻemi i ka heluna kanaka, nona ka nui ma kahi o 20 poʻo ʻeka. I ka 2015, kokoke he 700 koala i luku ʻia i ka mokuʻāina, e pale ana i ka poʻe i koe mai ka wī.
I kēia lā he kūlana "haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa" ka lāhui, akā ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei nā koala e ka ululāʻau, nā ahi a me nā tikika... ʻO ka hui kaiaulu ʻo Koala Foundation Australia, a me nā māla hoʻokahi-ʻano "Lone Pine Koala" (Brisbane) a me "Coneu Koala Park" (Perth) pili pili loa i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu a me kahi e noho ai nā marsupial.
