Kanaka ʻumiʻumi - he manu kū hoʻokahi o kona ʻano ma ke ʻano maoli o ka huaʻōlelo, no ka mea ʻo kēia wale nō ka ʻano i ka genus o ka ʻumiʻumi. ʻAneʻane like ʻole ʻo ia me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana hawk. ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko ka manu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke koena o ka holoholona. I kēia lā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma kāna wahi maʻamau, akā i nā mālama pū i nā ʻāina like ʻole. Ma kēia ʻaoʻao, e kikoʻī mākou i nā manawa nui i ke ola o kahi ʻumiʻumi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
ʻO ka mua loa ʻumiʻumi i ʻike ʻia e kekahi kanaka e like me Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. Ua kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i kēia manu ma ka ʻumi o kāna puke ʻauhau kaulana i kapa ʻia ʻo Systems of Nature. I kēia hana, ua hāʻawi ʻo Karl i ka manu i kona inoa Lākina mua - Vultur barbatus. Ma kekahi manawa ma hope, kikoʻī i ka 1784, ua koho wale ke kauka Kelemania a me ka mea kemika ʻo Gottlieb Konrad Christian Shtohr i kēia ʻano i loko o kahi genus ʻokoʻa - Bearded (Gypaetus).
He mea hoihoi: i ka Lūkini, he inoa waena ko ka manu - keiki hipa. He unuhi ia mai ka unuhi ʻEulopa Komohana. Ma laila ua kapa inoa nui ʻia kēia ʻano no ka manaʻo o nā kahu hipa e luku iā ia i nā hipa.
He manu nui ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi. Hiki i kona lōʻihi ke piʻi aku i 125 mau kenimika, a hiki ke kau ʻia kona kaumaha mai 5 a i 8 kilokilo. Aia nā ʻeheu ma ka awelika 77 kenimika ka loa a he 290 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kā lākou nui me ka fretboard.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
Kanaka ʻumiʻumi he helehelena ʻokoʻa a me ke kala. ʻO kahi laʻana, i kahi manu makua, ʻo ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū wale nō ke kukui i ke kala. I nā wahi, hoʻololi ke kala keʻokeʻo i kahi hue ʻulaʻula nani. Mai ka nuku i nā maka he mau kaha ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi, a ma lalo o ka nuku iho he mau hulu ʻeleʻele ʻelua, a i ka nānā mua ʻana e like paha me ka ʻumiʻumi. ʻO ka iris o kahi kanaka ʻumiʻumi keʻokeʻo a melemele paha me ka palena ʻulaʻula. Ma ke ala, he ʻāpana hina ke nuku iho. Uhi ʻia ke kua o ka manu i nā hulu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, a lōʻihi ka huelo a ʻano like me ke kāhili i kona helehelena. ʻO nā ʻāwae o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi hina hina hoʻi i ke kala.
ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio o kēia ʻano i nā mākua i ko lākou helehelena. ʻOi aku ka pouli o nā moa bearded. He keʻokeʻo māmā ko lākou ʻōpū, akā ʻo ke koena o ke kino ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. He nuku uliuli kona a me nā wāwae ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ka dimorphism moekolohe kahi ʻano o ke kāne ʻumiʻumi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka wahine a me nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi i kekahi ʻano i ka helehelena a me ka nui o ke kino.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia laha i kahi zoo a i ʻole ka panalāʻau o Lūkia, a laila ʻaʻole paha e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kēia wehewehe. Wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia kēia. ʻOiai ke ʻano o kā mākou wehewehe ʻana i kā lākou plumage me ka pololei, hiki ke ʻokoʻa i ka malu. ʻO kahi manu, no ka laʻana, he mau hulu keʻokeʻo wale nō, a ʻo nā mea i koe ʻaʻole e melemele, akā ʻalani.
Ma hea e noho ai ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi?
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
ʻO ka nohona o kēia ʻano hawk, ma ke ʻano like, like me ke koena o ka ʻohana. Hiki ke loaʻa ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa Hema, Hikina a me ʻApelika Hema, a me ʻAsia Waena. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau manu liʻiliʻi i nā Alps e ʻike pehea lākou e aʻa ai ma laila. Ua kūleʻa ka hoʻokolohua, akā ulu maikaʻi ka lāhui i ʻEulopa. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kāne ʻumiʻumi ma Altai a i ʻole Caucasus.
He manu mauna ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi, no laila ʻaʻole ia e makaʻu i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ia ke noho kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi a ma nā kula, akā i mea e kokoke ai i ka mea pio. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kona noho ma ka ʻāina pōhaku ʻokoʻa mai 500 a 4000 mika. ʻO kēia ka ʻikepili kūhelu, akā i ka manawa i hala he manawa lōʻihi loa, hiki i ka manu ke noho ma luna o nā helu i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia ʻano ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 7000 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. Ma nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe, koho nā manu i nā wahi pale a ʻoi aku a ʻoi aku paha, e like me nā ana a i nā lua paha, e puʻuhonua ai i ka ua hiki a i ʻole ka lā wela.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi?
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi manu e like me ke kāne ʻumiʻumi ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano kikoʻī. No ka hapanui o kona ola, hānai kahi lunamakaʻāinana i nā holoholona make, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kupapaʻu. I kāna meaʻai, ʻano like ia me kekahi mau ʻano mai ka ʻohana hawk. ʻIke pinepine nā manu i nā iwi, a hoʻolei ʻia e ke kanaka ma hope o kā lākou ʻaina awakea, a i ʻole hānai i nā holoholona i make i ka make kūlohelohe kokoke i ko lākou wahi noho.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, hiki i kahi kanaka ʻumiʻumi ke ʻai i kahi mamele liʻiliʻi, e like me ka hare. Hana kēia inā pōloli maoli kēia ʻano. Mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa, e hoʻāʻo paha kahi kāne ʻumiʻumi e lālau i kahi holoholona a nalo ke kiaʻi.
Mahalo i kona hulu lele ikaika, hoʻāʻo ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi e hoʻokuʻi i kāna mea pio mai kahi kiʻekiʻe i hiki iā ia ke lilo. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, lele ka manu iā ia e nānā inā ola ia. Hoʻohuli i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hoʻomaka ke kāne ʻumiʻumi i kāna pāʻina.
Ma luna, ua wehewehe mākou i ka hapa nui o nā kūlana i kahi kanaka ʻumiʻumi i hōʻeha i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia, akā ʻo kāna mea momona punahele ka iwi o nā holoholona, a ʻo ka lolo hoʻi. Mālama maʻalahi ko lākou ʻōpū iā lākou ma muli o kā lākou acidity kiʻekiʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
Kāne ʻumiʻumi ʻoiai he hakakā, noho lākou i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Kākaʻikahi nā Quarrels me kekahi me kekahi. Mahalo i kā lākou ʻike biola, hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe i kahi kanaka e kū ana i ka honua, he manu paha kekahi ʻano o ka lae hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka lani. Lele maikaʻi loa ke kāne ʻumiʻumi a i kekahi manawa lohe ʻia kekahi kani, a hana ʻo ia me nā hulu e ʻoki ana i ka ea.
ʻOi loa ka leo o ke kāne ʻumiʻumi. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i lohe i kēia manu e uē ana ma mua, a laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo he ʻano maoli nō kēia ʻano. Kuhi ia e like me ke ʻaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke leo nui a hāmau paha. ʻ claimlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema pili ka leo i ka ʻano kikoʻī o ka manu i kēia manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hōʻike ʻia ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi ma kahi peʻahi lawe leka Azerbaijan o 1994.
Ke ʻike ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i kāna mea hiki ke kiʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hāʻule mai luna mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me nā ʻaeto. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pōʻai i ka lani a iho haʻahaʻa i lalo. Ua hoʻouka ʻia ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia mai kahi mamao loa i ka honua.
ʻAʻole e iho ka manu i ka honua ke ʻole pono ia. Ma muli o nā ʻēheu nui a nunui hoʻi, lilo ka haʻalele ʻana i hana nona iho i mea pilikia. No kona hoʻomaha ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā lepe like ʻole ma nā pōhaku. Mai iā lākou, lele ka manu i lalo a wehe i kona mau ʻeheu no ka lele hou me ka pilikia ʻole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
ʻAʻole like me nā manu he nui, hānau ka manu ʻumiʻumi i nā mahina hoʻoilo. No ka pūnana, makemake kēia mau manu i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-3 mau mika i nā kuahiwi, nā ana a i nā ʻili pōhaku. Ma ke kau waena o Kēkēmapa, noho nā manu ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi i kahi ākea ākea, a hiki i kekahi mau kilomika kilomika.
ʻO nā mea no ke kumu o ka pūnana ka lālā, nā lālā lāʻau, a me ka hulu hipa, ka mauʻu, nā lauoho e kūpono no ka uhi ʻana. I Ianuali, ua mākaukau ka wahine e hoʻomoe i kahi paʻa, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau ʻo 1-2 mau hua oval, ke kala o kona ʻano keʻokeʻo. Okoa ke kumu hoʻohālike o nā hua manu, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa he monochromatic lākou. Hoʻokomo nui ʻia nā hua e ka wahine, akā ʻo ke kāne pū kekahi i kēia. Ma hope o 53-58 mau lā, hānau ʻia nā keiki kakali kali ʻia. ʻAʻole like me nā mākua, leo nui lākou a ʻūʻū pinepine.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, manaʻo ʻia nā manu he monogamous, no laila pili pū nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻōpio ʻana. Hoʻopili pū ke kāne a me ka wahine i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai na nā keiki. ʻIke lākou i nā iwi, lele i luna, haki iā lākou i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a lawe iā lākou i nā moa. No laila, ola mau nā ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi mau lā - 106-130 mau lā, a laila lele aku ko lākou mau mākua mai ka pūnana mai, e hāʻawi ana i kā lāua poʻe keiki i ka manawa kūpono e noho kūʻokoʻa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
He manu nui a ikaika ikaika ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi, no laila, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO kāna ʻenemi wale nō nona iho. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hopena e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻai pinepine nā holoholona ʻumiʻumi i ke kino make, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā holoholona make āpau iā lākou. I kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala wikiwiki nei kahi kanaka i nā pono hana a me ka nānā iki ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike i ka mea a ka hare liʻiliʻi i ʻai ai i loko o kona ola. Loaʻa paha i kāna kino make nā toxins a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ke kanaka ke hāʻawi piha ʻia i nā ʻenemi o kēia kanaka. Hāʻule pinepine ka manu i kahi mea lawaiʻa e hana i nā holoholona i ulana. Ke hoʻolako nei nā kānaka i nā panalāʻau hou aku, a laila hoʻololi i ka laulā kūlohelohe o nā holoholona he nui, e like me ke kāne ʻumiʻumi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā manu āpau ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana aniau hou, no laila make ka hapa nui o lākou. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo he kanaka ʻenemi me kona egoism he ʻenemi i nā manu i ka noho pio ʻana ma mua o ka hoa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
ʻO ka hui ʻana me kahi kāne ʻumiʻumi kahi hanana laha ʻole. Hoʻohuli ʻia kēia i kēia manawa e nā kumu he nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua emi ka lako o ka meaʻai ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā ungulate hihiu a me nā home. Hāʻule pinepine nā manu i nā pahele me ka aneane hiki ʻole ke puka i waho. E hāʻule paha nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i kēia pahele make ma mua o nā manu manu ʻio. E noʻonoʻo wale, ua hōʻole nui ka nui o ka lehulehu ma mua o ke kenekulia i hala i kēia manawa he mau ʻumi a 500 mau pālua wale nō e noho ana i kēlā me kēia pae mauna o Eurasia. ʻAʻole kaumaha nā mea ma ʻAitiopa, kahi o ka helu o nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i kā lākou maʻamau mau helu mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelua tausani pālua. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi helu ʻoi aku o kēia mau manu nui loa i kekahi mau wahi i ka Himalayas. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka emi o ka heluna kanaka e ka mea ola kanaka, ʻo ia ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hanana, ʻo ia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ala, nā hale, nā laina uila. ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia pinepine o nā kāne ʻumiʻumi ka pololei o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana me nā laina uila.
Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu āpau i luna, ua hoʻomaka ka pae o nā manu e hōʻemi nui, kahi mea e hōʻemi ai i ka heluna kanaka, ʻike ʻia kēia i nā holoholona he nui a ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau o ka ʻike ʻia o nā mea ʻano ʻaneʻane pau. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka make ʻana o hoʻokahi ʻano. No laila, he mea nui nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i ka kaulaʻai a ʻo lākou nā "ʻoka" o ke kūlohelohe. No laila, ʻaʻole wale nā holoholona e ʻeha mai ka nalowale piha ʻana o kēia ʻano, akā ʻo ka wahi e puni ana hoʻi. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui e mālama i ka palekana o kēia ʻano.
Kiaʻi kanaka ʻumiʻumi
Kiʻi: ʻumiʻumi
Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā helu helu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi hōʻemi o ka wahi noho o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi. Loaʻa kēia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā manu moa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana. Ua hoʻomaka koke ka manu e nalowale mai nā ʻaoʻao hema a ʻākau o ʻApelika, a mai kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka hikina o ʻEulopa.
I kēia manawa, kahi kūlana mālama o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi NT, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kokoke nei ka ʻano i kahi kūlana nāwaliwali. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mahele i nā manu e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), kahi e hoʻohou ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kāna papa inoa ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā holoholona like ʻole a me nā mea kanu.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kāne ʻumiʻumi i loko o ka puke Red o Russia no kahi manawa lōʻihi. I ko mākou ʻāina, ulu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka noho pio ʻana, akā mahalo i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i ka papa inoa o nā laha pale, lohi ka heluna kanaka akā e hoʻonui mau ana i ka nohona kūlohelohe no nā manu.
Kanaka ʻumiʻumi He manu kū hoʻokahi ia e pono ai kā mākou mālama. I kēia manawa, ke mālama nei ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kāna heluna kanaka. Mai noho a nānā ʻole i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona ma kā mākou honua. ʻAʻohe pono e uhaʻi i ke kaulahao meaʻai e kū nei i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kūlohelohe, no ka mea ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o hoʻokahi o nā loulou i loko e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia nui no ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ka lā paʻi: ʻApelila 15, 2020
Hoʻohou i ka lā: 04/15/2020 ma 1:26
