He holoholona pack pack Llama no ka ʻohana kāmelo. He mau ʻāʻī lōʻihi nā wāwae a me nā wāwae; liʻiliʻi ke poʻo e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino, he mau pepeiao pepeiao ʻano nui ko ka pālua. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ka lōʻihi o ka hulu hulu lōʻihi, i hoʻohana ākea ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā kaula a me nā lole.
Ka wehewehe o ka llama
He holoholona holoholona ʻo Llamas mai ʻAmelika Hema, no ka ʻohana like me nā kāmelo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe paʻa o nā lamas. He pepeiao loloa ko ka llama, ʻōwili iki i loko, a kapa ʻia hoʻi he ʻano maiʻa. He hāiki nā wāwae, ʻoi aku ka mahele o nā manamana wāwae ma mua o nā kāmelo, he pāloi ko kekahi. He huelo pōkole loa ko Llamas, a lōʻihi ko lākou lauoho, palupalu a hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahaha. ʻEleʻele ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, akā ʻokoʻa ka malu o ka lole i nā aka he nui mai ka pouli a i ka māmā, keʻokeʻo, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, i ka nāhelehele, ua loaʻa nā llamas ma nā mauna Andes o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i hanai ʻia ai a hānai ʻia no nā makahiki he haneli no ka loaʻa ʻana o kaʻiʻo meaʻai, ka waiū, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā hulu pale pale anuanu a hoʻohana ʻia i mau holoholona pack. Ua ulu lākou i kēia manawa i nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua.
Kaulana ka hulu Llama no ka palupalu, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa luna (i kapa ʻia ka lauoho pale) ʻoi aku ka coarser a lawelawe i ka pale i ka ʻili a me ke kino mai ka ʻenekini a me nā hopena ʻino (ka ua, ke anuanu a me nā ʻōpala). Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa ʻelua no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana huluhulu.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Llamas i mea lawe i nā ukana a me nā hoa puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu. No kēia mau kumu, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kāne ʻoi paʻakikī. Loaʻa i ka Llamas kahi hoʻohui koko kūikawā e kōkua iā lākou e hele i kahi mamao i ke kuahiwi. He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa kona o ka hemoglobin, ʻo ia ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen ma o ke kahe o ke koko, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke ahonui maikaʻi ma nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe, kahi i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Llamas ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi kiaʻi. ʻO ka ʻike kū hoʻokahi, ka hoʻolohe ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka honi o ka holoholona e kōkua ai i ka helu ʻana i ka naʻaupō hōʻino. Ke lohe nei i kahi mea ʻino ma kahi kokoke, hana nui ka llama i ka leo ʻuā, a laila e makaʻu iā ia a ʻōlelo aku i ke kahu hipa a me nā holoholona. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kāne kāne i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka pale ʻana o kahi ohana bipi a moa paha.
He kaiāulu loa ʻo Llamas, ʻano holoholona ʻano maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka noho aliʻi ʻana i loko o ka pā, kuha lākou i kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā ʻike āpau o ka ʻōpū. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia no ka pīpī "maikaʻi" i ke kanaka.
ʻO ka nohona kamaʻāina o llamas nā mauna anuanu a maloʻo hoʻi o ka ʻA Andes, kahi e noho nui ai lākou i nā piko kuʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia mau lā hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi ākea o nā wahi noho, me nā lau nahele a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai.
Helehelena
Loaʻa i nā Llamas ke ʻano o ke kino kamelo maʻamau, akā nele i nā puʻupuʻu o nā kāmele Bactrian a me dromedary. He mau ʻāʻī lōʻihi ko lākou, nā lālā lahilahi a me nā muzzles poepoe. Kūlana nui nā kukuna lalo (nā niho mua) a māhele ʻia ka lehelehe luna. Ma muli o kekahi o ka mālama ʻia ʻana, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka llama i nā aka a me nā hui like ʻana. Ma waena o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻeleʻele a piebald paha. ʻO kekahi o nā kala maʻamau ka hui pū ʻana o ka hulu ʻulaʻula a me nā pā o ka melemele a keʻokeʻo.
Llama ana
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka llama ma kahi e mae ana ma kahi o 183 centimetres. Hiki i nā kāne nui ke kau i 204 kilokilo. ʻO ke kala o kaʻahuʻula mai keʻokeʻo a i kaʻeleʻele me nāʻokoʻa i waena. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Llamas ma ke ʻano he holoholona o ke kaumaha a ʻo ia ka nui o nā lamoids ʻehā (alpaca, vicuña, a me guanaco nā mea ʻekolu ʻē aʻe).
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO Llamas kahi kaiāulu, ʻohana, nā holoholona diurnal e noho nei i nā hui a 20 mau kānaka. Loaʻa i ka hui e pili ana i nā wahine hānau hānau 6 me nā ʻōpio o kēia makahiki. Alakaʻi ʻia ka hui e hoʻokahi kāne, nāna i pale kūpale i kona kūlana alpha, me ka hana nui ʻana i ka paio no ka noho aliʻi. Hiki i nā hui ke lilo i kāne. I kēia hihia, hoʻopiʻi pinepine nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi i ka hakakā no ka noho ʻana o ka nohona, hakakā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāʻī a me nā niho.
Maʻemaʻe loa kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻāina kaʻawale i wehewehe pono ʻia no ka excrement. ʻAʻole loa e waiho kahi llama i nā feces kahi e hiamoe ai ʻo ia. Ma muli paha o ka makemake kūlohelohe e hūnā i nā koina o ko lākou alo mai nā mea hōkai.
He laulā ka leo o Llamas. Ma ka hoʻōho ʻana, ke ao nei lākou i ka pilikia, me ka hāmau leo ʻana e hōʻike ai i ka naʻau o ka māʻona. Hana kolohe ʻo Llamas i ke alo o nā mea hoʻomake, e ʻaʻa wiwo ʻole lākou, nahu a kuha aku i kekahi mea a lākou e manaʻo ai he weliweli kūpono.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hakakā paha o nā kāne, he holoholona lola kā llamas. No laila, hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻimi i ka launa me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o kā lākou ʻano iho. Aia kekahi mau hihia pinepine o ka pilina maluhia me nā holoholona hānai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā hipa a me nā kao. Ma ka laulā, manaʻo ʻia nā lamas he ʻano maikaʻi, ʻoluʻolu, a me ke akamai.
Ma ka mahiʻai, he ʻoluʻolu, maikaʻi ʻole nā holoholona e hele maʻalahi i ke kula. Hoʻohana ʻia ia mau mea i kēia lā ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai o ka loaʻa kālā mākaʻikaʻi. Holo nā keiki ma luna o lākou, hele pū nā llamas me nā ukana liʻiliʻi ma kahi puʻu. ʻAʻole hiki i ka lawe ʻana o kahi kāne kāne ikaika ma mua o 55 kilokilo.
Ke mālama ʻia ma nā mahiʻai, ʻaʻole pilikia nā llamas. ʻAe lākou i ka wela a hiki ke hānai ʻia i ka meaʻai like me nā hipa a me nā kao a mālama ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mahiʻai like. Hoʻopili ʻia ka wāwae ikaika o ka llama me ke kui ikaika ma ka hopena e pono ke ʻoki mau. Inā ʻaʻole ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka unuhi ʻana o ka hulu hipa, ʻaʻole pono ia e ʻokiʻoki.
He ʻano akahai ko Llamas a me kahi ʻano ninaninau, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i hoa hele a i holoholona holoholona therapeutic paha. Kaulana ʻo Llamas no ka maʻalahi o ke aʻo ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke aʻo i nā hana hoʻomākeʻaka ma hope o kekahi mau hana hou ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā hale hoʻokipa, nā hale hānai a me nā haukapila e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike sensory no ka poʻe e pono ai, ʻoiai ke kipa ʻana o kahi lama kahi hana hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki ke kōkua i kēlā ʻano lapaʻau me ka hoʻōla a i ʻole hāʻawi maʻalahi i kahi leʻaleʻa.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi lama
Ma ka awelika, ola nā llamas 15 a 20 mau makahiki. I kekahi mau hihia o ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki i ka holoholona ke ola i 30 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Komo mua nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpio.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Llamas ma nā mauna Andes o ʻAmelika Hema, akā i kēia manawa ua make lākou i ka nāhelehele a noho wale lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona holoholona. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia a ulu ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻEulopa a me ʻAukekulia, kahi i hoʻolauna ʻia ai lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona lūlū a mahiʻai. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho maoli ka Andean Highlands, ma Altiplano o ke komohana o Bolivia a me ka hema hikina o Peru. ʻO kēia kahi e uhi nui ʻia me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa, e like me nā lāʻau ulu haʻahaʻa, nā laʻalāʻau a me nā mauʻu, ʻo ia ka meaʻai nui o nā llamas. I ka moku ʻo Altiplano, ʻoi aku ka mauna o nā mea ʻākau, a hemahema loa ka hema, maloʻo a me ka haʻalele. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke noho ma luna o 4000 mau mika ma luna o ke kai.
Loaʻa ʻo Llamas ma nā wahi mauna o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema: Bolivia, Peru, ʻEkuatoa, Chile, a me ʻAtenitina. Manaʻo nā Zoologists ua neʻe mai lākou mai ka ʻAkau ʻAmelika Hema i miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua lilo i make ma ko lākou wahi i hānau ai. Ua hoʻohana nā Inca i nā llamas ma ke ʻano he holoholona o ka ukana he haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei; Ke hoʻomau nei nā poʻe o kēia manawa i kēia hana i kēia lā.
Mea ʻai Llama
ʻO nā Llamas nā lāʻau wale nō. ʻAi lākou i ka mauʻu, nāhelehele haʻahaʻa a me nā mea ulu o ka mauna. Loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona kekahi wai o ka meaʻai, akā pono lākou i kahi kumu o ka wai maʻemaʻe.
ʻAʻole pīhoihoi ʻo Lamas e pili ana i nā ʻano meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke hānai ʻia me nā huahana mahiʻai a me nā huikau e hoʻopili ai i ka silage kānana, alfalfa, a me bromgrass. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi i nā huaʻai, nā hua a me nā aʻa. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio i pono i ka meaʻai momona.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO Llamas nā holoholona i loaʻa ʻole kahi pōʻaiapili estrus kikoʻī. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hua moa ma hope o kekahi pōʻaiapuni manawa, akā ma hope koke o 24 - 36 mau hola ma hope o ka male ʻana.
He polygynous ʻo Llamas i ke koho ʻana i nā hoa. Inā pili i nā kānaka, pili kēia manaʻo i ka wahine polygamy, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau wahine i hoʻokahi kāne. Hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i kahi wahine he 5-6 mau wahine ma kāna ʻāina ponoʻī, a laila kipaku hōʻeuʻeu i nā kāne āpau o ka wā hānau. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ʻo Llamas i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule mua. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana ma kahi kūlana atypical - e moe ana i lalo. He 350-360 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana, a kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hānau kēlā me kēia wahine i hoʻokahi keiki. I hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i ka pēpē ke kū kaʻawale a kū i nā ʻanuʻu mua. Kaupaona nā keiki hānau hou ma kahi o 10 kg, a ma hope o 5-6 mau mahina hiki iā lākou ke noho kūʻokoʻa. Akā i ka manawa like, kuleana ka makuahine iā ia no hoʻokahi makahiki hou, ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona lōhiu mai nā pilikia. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, alualu ke kāne i nā keiki kāne mai kāna ʻāina.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopohopo e hāʻule ma nā poʻohiwi o ka wahine. Hāʻawi nā kāne i kekahi mālama mālama ʻole i ka pale ʻana i kahi e hāʻawi pono i ka hānai no nā ʻōpio a me nā wahine o ka hui. Hiki i ka wahine ke oʻo kolohe i ka makahiki 18-24 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne he 2-2.5 mau makahiki wale nō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He ʻenemi nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o llamas i kaʻana like i ko lākou wahi noho me lākou. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke leopadi hau, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻūlū. Loaʻa i nā cubs ka manawa paʻakikī - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika a me ka nui, a no laila pale pū kekahi.
I kēia hihia, hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻino nui e kekahi kanaka. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mahalo ʻia nā llamas ʻaʻole wale no ko lākou mākau a me kona ʻano, akā no kaʻiʻo meaʻai maikaʻi a me ka hulu waiwai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka o ʻAmelika Hema ma kahi o 7 miliona, a aia ma kahi o 158,000 mau llamas ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ma kahi o 3000-5000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a hoʻolilo lākou iā lākou i kekahi o nā paionia ma kēia mea. Ua hoʻohana nā Inda Inca iā lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona o ka ukana, a me kahi kumu o ka meaʻai, ka lole a me ka wahie.
Ma ke ʻano he aʻa ʻo Llamas. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ke anuanu, hoʻololi i ka mahana. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻomanawanui wale i nā kūlana wela a me ka nele o nā meaʻai mea kanu i ka ʻāina wao akua.
I nā wahi āpau a koe ʻo Chile a me Peru, aia nā llamas ma waho o ka wahi hoʻoweliweli. Ma ka wahi like, pāpā ʻia ka kī ʻole ʻana i nā kānaka hihiu.
