I kēlā me kēia makahiki e nui ana ka pilikia o ka nele o ka wai hou. Wanana nā ʻepekema e lilo ka kenekulia 21 i pilikia ma kēia mea, no ka mea ma muli o ka hoʻomehana honua, ma muli o ka ulu mau ʻana o 80 miliona mau kānaka i ka makahiki, i ka makahiki 2030, ʻaʻole lawa ka wai kūpono no ka inu no ka hapakolu o ka heluna o ka honua. ... No laila, e pili ana i ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana ma ka pae honua, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai hou i kēia manawa. I kēia lā, loaʻa ka wai kūpono i ka inu ʻana e ka condiment o nā sediment, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hau a me nā pāpale hau o nā piko o nā kuahiwi, akā ʻo ka mea hoʻohiki loa, eia naʻe ke ʻano o ka desalination o ka wai kai.
Nā kiʻina no ka desalination o ka wai kai
ʻO ka pinepine, 1 kilokika o ke kai a me ka moana kai, ʻo ka nui o ia ma ka honua he 70%, loaʻa ma kahi o 36 gram o nā paʻakai like ʻole, i kūpono ʻole ia no ka ʻai kanaka a me ka hoʻoulu wai o ka ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka desalination o ia mau wai i lawe ʻia mai ka paʻakai i loko ona ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana o ka desalination o ka wai kai:
- kemika;
- electrodialysis;
- ultrafiltration;
- distillation;
- hau paʻa.
ʻO ka wikiō desalination nuklear
Ke kaʻina Desalination o ke kai a me ka wai kai
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kime - komo i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā paʻakai ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka barium a me ke kālā i ka wai paʻakai. I ka hana ʻana me ka paʻakai, hana kēia mau mea i mea ʻole ia, maʻalahi e lawe i nā aniani paʻakai. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai ʻona o nā mea reagents.
ʻO ka electrodialysis ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai mai ka paʻakai e hoʻohana ana i kahi kaila uila. E hana i kēia, hoʻonoho ʻia ka wai paʻakai i loko o kahi pono kūikawā o ka hana mau, i mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e nā paku kūikawā, kekahi o kēia mau membrane e hei i nā iona, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - cations. Ke neʻe mau nei i waena o nā pākū, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai, a hoʻoneʻe haʻahaʻa ʻia nā paʻakai mai iā ia ma o kahi kahe kūikawā.
ʻO Ultrafiltration, a i ʻole kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, osmosis hoʻohuli, kahi hana e ninini ʻia ai kahi wai paʻakai i loko o nā keʻena o kahi ipu kūikawā, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi membrane anti-cellulose. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka wai e kahi piston mana loa, ka mea, ke kaomi ʻia, hana ia i loko o nā pores o ka membrane, e waiho ana i nā ʻāpana paʻakai ʻoi i ka lumi mua. Nui ke kumu kūʻai a no laila ʻaʻole pono.
ʻO ka hau ke ʻano maʻamau, ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai paʻakai, hana ʻia ka hana hau mua me kāna ʻāpana hou, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻoi aku o ka wai e paʻa mālie a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Ma hope o ka wela o ka hau i 20 kekelē, e koi ana e hoʻoheheʻe, a me ka wai e kaʻawale ka paʻakai. ʻO ka pilikia o ka paʻa ʻana ka hoʻolako ʻana iā ia, pono ʻoe i nā lakohana kūikawā, pipiʻi loa a me ka ʻoihana.
ʻO Distillation, a i ʻole kapa ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ke ʻano thermal, ʻo ia ke ʻano economical o ka desalination, kahi i loko o ka condensation maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka wai paʻakai, a loaʻa ka wai hou mai nā mahu i hoʻoluʻu ʻia.
Nā pilikia Desalination
ʻO ka pilikia o ka desalination o ke kai, ʻo ka mea mua, i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ke kaʻina ponoʻī. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole uku nā kumukūʻai o ka hemo ʻana i nā paʻakai mai ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai o nā kai a me nā moana - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā koena o nā paʻakai mai ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, akā hoʻi hou i nā wahi wai, kahi e hoʻonui ai ka paʻakai iā lākou i nā manawa he nui aʻe. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo ʻaʻole e hana ka poʻe āpau i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hou, nā ʻano kūpono loa o ka desalination o ka wai kai.
