ʻO ka hoʻomehana honua ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka glaciers ma nā ʻāina āpau, e like me Antarctica. Ma mua, ua uhi paʻa ʻia ka ʻāina nui i ka hau, akā i kēia manawa aia nā wahi o ka ʻāina me nā loko a me nā kahawai me ka ʻole o ka hau. Hana ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana ma kai. ʻO nā kiʻi i lawe ʻia mai nā ukali, kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke kōkua me ka ʻole o ka hau a me ka hau, e kōkua e hōʻoia i kēia.
Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā glacier i ke kau kau, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā awāwa hau ʻole. Maliʻa paha, loaʻa i kēia wahi kahi mehana mahana wela maʻamau. Hāʻawi ka hau i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā muliwai a me nā loko. ʻO ka muliwai lōʻihi loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Onyx (30 km). ʻAʻohe hau o kona mau kapakai kokoke i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi kai a me nā kulu pae o ka wai ma aneʻi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka palena nui loa ma 1974 ma +15 kekelē Celsius. ʻAʻohe iʻa i loko o ka muliwai, akā aia nā limu a me nā meaola.
I kekahi mau wahi o Antarctica, ua hehee ka hau ʻaʻole wale ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a me ka hoʻomehana honua, akā no ka nui o ka ea e neʻe i nā wikiwiki like ʻole E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole monotonous ke ola ma ka ʻāina nui, a ʻo Antarctica ʻaʻole wale ka hau a me ka hau, aia kahi no ka mehana a me nā waihona wai.
Nā loko i ʻūlū
I ke kau kau, hoʻoheheʻe nā aniani i Antarctica, a hoʻopiha ka wai i nā kaumaha like ʻole, ma muli o ka hopena o nā loko. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wahi kai, akā aia nō lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kahi laʻana, i nā kuahiwi o ka Mōʻīwahine Maud Land. Ma ka ʻāina, nui nā waihona wai nui a me nā wai liʻiliʻi i kahi. Ma ka hapanui, aia ka hapa nui o nā loko i nā oasis o ka ʻāina nui.
Ma lalo o nā waihona hau
Ma waho aʻe o ka wai o luna, loaʻa nā waihona subglacial ma Antarctica. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma mua loa. I ka waena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua ʻike nā pailaka i nā hana ʻano ʻē a 30 mau kilomita ka hohonu a 12 mau mile ka lōʻihi. Ua noiʻi hou ʻia kēia mau loko subglacial e nā ʻepekema mai ka Polar Institute. No kēia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi radar. Ma kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā hōʻailona kūikawā, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai ma lalo o ka hau. ʻO ka lōʻihi kokoke o nā wahi wai ma lalo o ka hau ma kahi o 180 mau kilomita.
I ke kaʻina o nā noiʻi o nā waihona wai i lalo o ka hau, ua ʻike ʻia ua hele mai lākou i kahi manawa lōʻihi loa. Ua kahe mālie ka wai hoʻoheheʻe o nā aniani o Antarctica i loko o nā depressions subglacial, mai luna mai ua uhi ʻia me ka hau. ʻO nā loko subglacial a me nā kahawai he hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki paha. Aia kahi silt ma ko lākou lalo, a me nā spores, pollen o nā ʻano flora, komo nā microorganism i loko o ka wai.
Ke hana ʻiʻo nei ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau ma Antarctica i kahi o nā aniani puka. ʻO lākou kahi kahe wikiwiki o ka hau. E hoʻoheheʻe hapa ka wai hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ke kai a paʻa hapa i ka papa o nā aniani. ʻIke ʻia ka hana hoʻoheheʻe o ka uhi hau mai 15 a 20 mau kenetimita i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ke kahakai kahakai, a ma ke kikowaena - a i 5 kenimika.
Lake Vostok
ʻO kekahi o nā wai nui loa ma ka ʻāina nui, aia ma lalo o ka hau, ʻo Lake Vostok, e like me ke kahua ʻepekema ma Antarctica. ʻO kona wahi ma kahi o 15.5 tausani kilomita. ʻOkoʻa ka hohonu o nā ʻāpana o ka wahi o ka wai, akā ʻo ka nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 1200 mika. Eia hou, aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumikūmākahi mau mokupuni ma ka panalāʻau o ka waihona wai.
No nā microorganism ola, ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana kūikawā ma Antarctica i hoʻohuli i ko lākou kaʻawale mai ka honua waho. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻeli ʻana ma ka papa hau o ka ʻāina nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā meaola like ʻole i kahi hohonu loa, ke ʻano o ka polar habitat wale nō. ʻO ka hopena, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 21, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 140 mau kahawai subglacial a me nā loko ma Antarctica.
