ʻO nā wahi me nā hana seismic, kahi e ʻike pinepine ai nā ōlaʻi, ua kapa ʻia he mau kāʻei seismic. I kēlā wahi, nui ka neʻe ʻana o nā pā lithospheric, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hana o nā luaipele. ʻ claimlelo nā ʻepekema ʻo 95% o nā ʻōlaʻi e kū i nā wahi seismic kūikawā.
Aia kekahi mau kāʻei seismic ʻelua ma ka Honua, i pāhola ʻia no nā mile he mau kaukani ma ka papakū a ma ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia ka Pakipika meridional a me ka latitudinal Mediterranean-Trans-Asian.
Kāʻei Pākīpika
Hoʻopuni ke kāʻei latitudinal Pacific i ka Moana Pākīpika i Indonesia. Ma luna o 80% o nā ōlaʻi āpau ma ka honua e kū i kāna kaona. Hele kēia kāʻei ma nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian, uhi i ke kapakai komohana o ʻAmelika, ʻĀkau ʻĀkau a me Hema hoʻi, a hōʻea i nā mokupuni Kepani a me New Guinea. ʻEhā mau lālā o ka kāʻei Pākīpika - komohana, ʻākau, hikina a me ka hema. ʻAʻole i lawa ka aʻo ʻia o ka hope. I kēia mau wahi, ʻike ʻia ka hana seismic, a laila e alakaʻi i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hikina ka mea nui o kēia kāʻei. Hoʻomaka ia ma Kamchatka a hoʻopau i ka loop loop Antilles Hema. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, aia nō kahi hana seismic mau, kahi e pilikia ai nā kamaʻāina o Kaleponi a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika.
Kāʻei Mediterranean-Trans-Asia
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o kēia kāʻei seismic ma ke Kai Kai. Hele ia ma waena o nā pae mauna o ʻEulopa Hema, ma o ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAsia Asia, a hiki i nā kuahiwi Himalayan. I kēia kāʻei, ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ke ʻano nui penei:
- ʻO Carpathians Romanian;
- ka panalāʻau o ʻIrani;
- Baluchistan;
- Kush Hindu.
A ʻo ka hana lalo wai, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia i ke kai ʻĀnia a me ʻAkelanika, a hōʻea i ke komohana hema o Antarctica. Hāʻule pū ke Kai Arctic i loko o ke kāʻei seismic.
Ua hāʻawi ka ʻepekema i ka inoa o ke kāʻei Mediterranean-Trans-Asia "latitudinal", ʻoiai ke kaulike nei me ka equator.
Nā ʻale Seismic
ʻO nā nalu Seismic nā kahawai i kū mai i kahi pāhūhū a i ʻole kumu ōlaʻi. Ikaika nā nalu o ke kino a neʻe i lalo o ka honua, akā ʻike ʻia ka haʻalulu ma ka ʻilikai pū kekahi. He wikiwiki loa lākou a neʻe i waena o nā kinoea, wai a me nā pāpāho paʻa. Hoʻomanaʻo hou kā lākou hana i nā nalu kani. Aia ma waena o lākou nā nalu ʻāhi a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua, a he lohi iki kā lākou.
Ma ka ʻili o ka palakī o ka honua, ʻeleu nā ʻale nalu. Ua like ko lākou neʻe ʻana me ka neʻe ʻana o nā nalu i ka wai. He mana luku ko lākou, a ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā haʻalulu o kā lākou hana. Ma waena o nā ʻale nalu, aia kekahi mau mea hōʻino e hiki ke hoʻokuke i nā pōhaku i kahi kaʻawale.
No laila, aia nā wahi seismic ma ka ʻili o ka honua. Ma ke ʻano o ko lākou wahi, ua hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema i nā kāʻei ʻelua - ka Pākīpika a me ke Kaiwaenahonua-Trans-ʻAsia. I nā wahi o kā lākou hanana, ua ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī seismically nui loa, kahi e ulu pinepine ai nā pele a me nā ʻōlaʻi.
Nā kāʻei seismic liʻiliʻi
ʻO nā kāʻei seismic nui ka Pākīpika a me ka Mediterranean-Trans-Asian. Hoʻopuni lākou i kahi ʻāina nui o ko mākou Honua, lōʻihi lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina e pili ana i kahi hanana e like me nā kāʻei seismic lua. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana e hiki ke ʻike ʻia:
- ʻo ka ʻĀpana Arctic;
- ma ka Moana Atelanika;
- ma ke Kai Iniana.
Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā pā lithospheric i kēia mau ʻāpana, kū nā phenomena e like me nā ōlaʻi, nā kai eʻe a me nā kahawai. E pili ana i kēia, nā panalāʻau e pili ana - nā ʻāina a me nā mokupuni - hiki i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe.
No laila, inā ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka hana seismic, i kekahi poʻe hiki ke piʻi i nā helu kiʻekiʻe ma ka pālākiō Richter. ʻO nā wahi maʻalahi loa ma lalo o ka wai. I loko o ka papa noiʻi ua ʻike ʻia aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka honua ka hapa nui o nā kāʻei lua. Lawe ʻia ka hoʻomaka o ke kāʻei mai Filipaina a iho i Antarctica.
Seismic ʻāpana i ka Moana ʻAkelanika
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i kahi wahi seismic ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika ma 1950. Hoʻomaka kēia wahi mai ke kahakai o Greenland, hala kokoke i ka Mid-Atlantic Submarine Ridge, a hoʻopau i ka ʻāina o ka pae moku ʻo Tristan da Cunha. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka hana seismic e nā hewa ʻōpio o ka Middle Ridge, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei nā neʻe o nā papa lithospheric ma aneʻi.
ʻO ka hana Seismic ma ke Kai ʻInikia
ʻO ka peʻe seismic ma ke Kai ʻInikia e hoʻonui ʻia mai ka Peninsula ʻAlapia i ka hema, a hōʻea loa i Antarctica. Pili ka ʻāpana seismic me ka Mid Indian Ridge. ʻO nā ōlaʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā luaipele e hana ana ma aneʻi ma lalo o ka wai, ʻaʻole i hohonu ka foci. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o nā hewa tectonic he nui.
Aia nā kāʻei Seismic i ka pilina pili loa me ke kōkua ma lalo o ka wai. ʻOiai aia kekahi kāʻei ma ka ʻāina o ʻApelika hikina, ʻo ka lua e kīloi ana i ka Mozambique Channel. He aseismic nā ipu moana.
ʻĀpana Seismic o ka Arctic
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Seismicity ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Artctic. ʻO nā ōlaʻi, nā pele o nā luaipele lepo, a me nā ʻano hana luku ʻē aʻe e kū nei. Nānā nā loea i nā kumu nui o nā ōlaʻi i kēia wahi. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe aia kahi hana seismic haʻahaʻa loa ma aneʻi, akā ʻaʻole pēlā ka hihia. Ke hoʻolālā nei i kekahi hana ma aneʻi, pono ʻoe e noho makaʻala a mākaukau no nā hanana seismic like ʻole.
Wehewehe ʻia ka Seismicity i ka Basin Arctic e ke alo o ka Lomonosov Ridge, kahi hoʻomau o ka Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā wahi o ka Arctic e nā ʻōlaʻi e kū ma ka pali o Eurasia, i kekahi manawa ma ʻAmelika Hema.
