Ma nā panalāʻau o kā mākou Honua, kau nui ʻia nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole, ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me ke aniau, kahi, ka lepo, nā wai a me nā holoholona. ʻO Steppes a me nā ululāʻau steppes kekahi o nā wahi kūlohelohe e hoʻolaha nui ʻia. ʻO kēia mau kihi o ka ʻāina i kekahi ʻano like a aneane hoʻomohala piha ʻia e ke kanaka. Ma ke ʻano he rula, aia nā wahi hoʻokalakupua ma kahi o nā wahi nahele a me nā wao akua.
Nā ʻano o ka ʻanuʻu
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka paepae ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kūlohelohe i pālahalaha ʻia i nā kāʻei e like me ke akahai a me ka subtropical. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia wahi ka nele o nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ke aniau o ka paʻakikī ʻāina. Aia kahi ua liʻiliʻi i ka steppes (ma kahi o 250-500 mm o kēlā me kēia makahiki), kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke ulu piha i nā mea ulu lāʻau. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, aia nā wahi kūlohelohe i loko o nā ʻāina.
Aia kekahi mahele o ka steppes i: mauna, saz, ʻoiaʻiʻo, meadow a me ka wao akua. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā wahi kūlohelohe hiki ke loaʻa ma Australia, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻEulopa Hema a me Siberia Hema.
ʻO ka lepo o ka steppe kahi mea momona. ʻO ka mea mua, hōʻike ʻia e ka lepo ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o kēia wahi (no nā ʻoihana mahiʻai) ka nele o ka ona a me ka hiki ʻole ke komo i ka mahiʻai i ka hoʻoilo.
Nā ʻano o ka steppe ulu lāʻau
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nahele-ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kūlohelohe e hoʻohui akamai i kahi ʻāpana o ka ululāʻau a me nā ʻanepele. He wahi hoʻololi ia e hiki ai ke loaʻa nā nāhele lau ākea a me nā lau liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, aia nā forpes stepb ma ia mau ʻāpana. Ma ke ʻano he rula, aia ka ululāʻau i kahi o ka nāhelehele mehana a me subtropical. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma Eurasia, ʻApelika, Australia a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ka lepo o ka nahele-steppe i kekahi o nā momona loa o ka honua. Loaʻa iā ia he lepo ʻeleʻele a humus. Ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo a me kona momona, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona ākea i ka hopena anthropogenic ikaika. No ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻohana ʻia ka nahele-steppe no ka mahiʻai.
ʻO ke aniau a me ka lepo ma nā wahi kūlohelohe
ʻOiai aia ka steppes a me nā steppe ulu lāʻau i nā wahi kai like, loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano anilā like. I kēia mau wahi, mahana, a i kekahi manawa wela, maloʻo ke aniau.
I ke kauwela, ʻo ka mahana o ka lewa i ka nahele-steppe mai +22 a + 30 kekelē. Kūlana ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe e ka evaporation kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 400-600 mm ka nui o ka ua ma ka makahiki. Hana ʻia i kekahi mau manawa e hoʻomanawanui nā wahi o ka ululāʻau i ka maloʻo loa. ʻO ka hopena, kū nā makani maloʻo i nā wahi - kahi hui o nā makani wela a me nā maloʻo. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole kā kēia hanana i ka flora, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaloʻo i nā mea ola āpau ma ke aʻa.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka steppe e kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa iki - hoʻohālikelike. ʻO nā ʻano nui o ke ʻano o ke aniau i kēia ʻāina: ka palena iki o ka ua (250-500 mm o ka makahiki), ka wela wela, ka anu aniani a me ka hau i ka hoʻoilo. I ke kauwela, ʻo ka mahana o ka lewa mai + 23 a + 33 kekelē. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāina e nā makani maloʻo, nā maloʻo a me nā ʻino i ʻino.
Ma muli o ke aniau maloʻo, kahawai loa nā kahawai a me nā loko i loko o ka ʻāʻī a me nā ululāʻau, a i kekahi manawa maloʻo wale lākou no ka wā maloʻo. He paʻakikī loa e kiʻi i nā wai lalo, moe lākou i ka hohonu hiki.
Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka lepo ma kēia mau ʻāina. Ua piʻi ka pae humus i kekahi mau wahi i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi mika. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka ua, ua make nā mea kanu a pala koke, no ka hopena e hoʻomaikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka lepo. Kaulana ka paepae no ka lepo o ka umauma, ʻoiai kaulana ka ʻāpana steppe no ka ulu lāʻau hina a me ka lepo ʻeleʻele.
Akā ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka lepo i kēia mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka ʻaʻai ʻana o ka makani a me nā hana a ke kanaka.
Fauna a me flora
He wā kupaianaha ʻo Spring i ka makahiki ke mōhala ʻana nā mea āpau. I ka steppe, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i ka nani o ka mauʻu hulu, wormwood a me nā cereal. Eia nō hoʻi i kēia mau ʻāpana (e like me ke ʻano o ke kekelē) ulu nā mea kanu e like me tumbleweed, twig, ephemeral a me ephemeroid.
Mauʻu hulu
ʻO Sagebrush
Kahului
ʻO Prutnyak
Ephemer
I loko o ka ululāʻau, he nui nā kiʻi nunui o nā ululāʻau deciduous, a me nā ululāʻau coniferous, a me nā mea kanu. Ke ulu nei ʻo Linden, beech, lehu a me nā chestnuts i ka ʻāina. I kekahi mau wahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā chops birch-aspen.
ʻO Linden
ʻO Beech
ʻAla
Chestnut
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka moʻo o ka steppes e nā antelope, marmots, squirrels ground, mole rats, jerboas, a me nāʻiole kangaroo.
ʻAnelope
ʻO Marmot
ʻO Gopher
Pipi
Jerboa
Iole kangaroo
Aia ka nohona o nā holoholona i nā ʻano kaiapuni. Lele aku nā lunamakaʻāinana i nā wahi mehana o ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu e nā ʻaeto steppe, lark, bustard, harriers a me kestrels.
ʻAeto ʻaeto
Lark
ʻO Bustard
ʻO Steppe harrier
Kestrel
ʻO Elk, dia dia, puaʻa hihiu, squirrel ground, ferret a me hamster hiki ke loaʻa i ka nahele-steppe. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau wahi, noho nā ʻiole, ʻelele, saigas, ʻalopeke a me nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka honua holoholona.
Elk
Roe
Steppe ferret
Alopeke
