Manaʻo ʻia ka personification o ka hanohano i ke ʻano Aeto gula, lana mālie i ka lewa. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hōʻailona kēia manu i ka nui, kahi a nā kaiāulu aristocratic i hōʻike aku ai iā ia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa. I loko o nā kaʻao i hiki mai iā mākou mai Helene Kahiko mai, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaeto ka mea honua o ke Akua o ka hekili.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena
ʻO ka ʻaeto aeto kahi ʻano o nā ʻaeto o ka ʻohana hawk. E like me nā ʻelele a pau o kēia laha, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ke kino. Mahalo i kona mākau i ke kaulike a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ea o ka ea, hiki i ka manu ke lele i ka lewa no kekahi mau hola i ka lālani, e nānā ana i ka mea pio.
I ka lōʻihi nui o ka aeto gula hiki i hoʻokahi mika, 2.5 mau mika ka eheu. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ka nui o kāna mea i koho ʻia. Inā ka awelika ke kaupaona o kahi kāne ma ke kaha o 4-5 kg, a laila piʻi pinepine nā wahine i 7 kg. He piko i lalo o ka nuku o ka manu, aia i loko o kāna ʻano. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e ʻike ai ka hulu, a ma ka hope o ka ʻāʻī ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke koena.
ʻAʻole ākea wale nā ʻeheu o ka manu, akā lōʻihi a paʻakikī hoʻi. I nā holoholona ʻōpio, he ʻano kikoʻī ko lākou. ʻO ka ʻēheu o ka mea ʻino e ʻike ʻia e kahi kahua paʻa, no ka mea i ʻike ʻia kahi pio mai ka lihi hope, e hoʻomanaʻo pono ana i ka huapalapala S o ka pīʻāpā Latin.
Ma ke ala, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hōʻailona e hiki ai ke ʻike i kēia predator i ka lele ʻana. Ke ulu a makua, lilo kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻeheu i mea liʻiliʻi e haʻi. I ka wā luʻu, kiʻi ka manu i ka wikiwiki a 120 km / h.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka hahai holoholona hulu, poepoe iki ma ka hopena a like ke ʻano o kahi ʻio. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia iā ia mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka genuseto aeto. Ke lele aʻe ka manu, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka hāmama ʻana o ka plumage ma ka huelo i ke ʻano fan.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu o kēia ʻano e nā maka ʻeleʻele, nā nuku ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, kahi kumu melemele ko lākou. Ikaika nā wāwae, ikaika, kokoke i ko lākou ʻili holoʻokoʻa aia ka lihi a me ka plumage, kahi e hoʻonui ai iā lākou i mea nui.
I ke kumu, melemele lākou i ke kala a hoʻolako ʻia me nā māiʻuo lōʻihi, ʻoiʻoi, a hoʻoluhi hoʻi. He ʻano maʻamau ka leo o ka ʻaeto no nā lunamakaʻāinana o kona ʻano: leo nui, ʻano hoʻomanaʻo paha i ka ʻā ʻana o kahi ʻīlio. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe iā ia wale nō i ke kau moʻo, ka pale ʻana i ka nohona a i ʻole ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā pua.
ʻO ke kala o kahi kanaka makua e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā aka o nā mea ʻeleʻele a me nā mea ʻeleʻele me nā hulu o ka sheen gula ma ka hope o ke poʻo. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o nā kala aeto ma ke ʻano he kāne. Aia wale ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua makua.
I nā manu a hiki i ka 4 mau makahiki, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ke kala, ʻike ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma lalo o nā ʻeheu. Nalo lākou i ka makahiki he ʻumikūmākahi a ʻumikūmākolu paha. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea e aʻo i ke ola a me ka lawena o nā mea konohiki e hōʻike kēia mau kiko i nā manu makua no ka ʻike ʻole o kēlā kanaka.
ʻAe kēia iā lākou e alualu i nā ʻāina ʻē me ka makaʻu ʻole o ka hoʻouka ʻia e nā mākua. Ua like nā manu ʻōpio me ko lākou mau mākua me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting, hāʻule ka hoʻokumu hope loa o ka pae kala i ka makahiki ʻehā a ʻelima paha o ke ola o kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka laha. Huli ʻeleʻele ia me nā aka o ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula.
Nā ʻano
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻeono mau ʻāpana o nā aeto gula i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, nā hiʻohiʻona nui e ʻike ʻia ka nui a me ke kala.
- Makemake ka ʻano laha e noho ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o ʻEulopa, a me ka nui o Siberia, Nolewai, Denmark a me Kuekene. ʻOkoʻa ke kino a me ka ʻeheu ʻaeto ʻaeto ʻeleʻele aiʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano ʻEulopa hema ma nā wahi mauna o Caucasus, Iran, nā Carpathians, a me ʻEulopa hema. Ma ke kino, ua momona ka plumage me nā hulu o kahi malu brown brown ma ka piko. He "cap" ʻokoʻa ko kēia mau ʻāpana poʻomanaʻo ma kona poʻo.
- ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā kikowaena ʻĀkia Waena e ʻimi holoholona a pūnana i nā mauna ʻo Altai, a me nā ʻāina ʻo Tien Shan, Pamir a me Tibet. Waihoʻoluʻu mai ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ʻeleʻele me nā hulu māmā ma ka piko.
- ʻO ka wahi noho o ka ʻaeto ʻAmelika ʻo Kanada, ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻele ke kala me kahi aniani gula ma ka piko.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano Siberian Hikina ma ka hikina o ʻAsia, Mongolia, Chukotka, Siberia, Primorsky Krai. Hiki ke ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele i ke kala.
- Makemake ka poʻe lawelawe Kepanī e noho ma Kina ʻĀkau, Iāpana, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril Hema. He ʻeleʻele ke kala me nā kiko keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa ma nā poʻohiwi.
Auila
Aeto gula – manu manu, no laila, koho ka hapanui o nā manu i nā ʻāina palahalaha a mauna paha, steppes, canyons mamao loa mai nā kānaka. Makemake lākou e pūnana ma nā kahawai a me nā loko, a me nā wahi foothill ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 2000 mika.
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻēheu nui i nā mea ʻaihue, pono lākou i nā ākea e nānā i kā lākou mea pio. I mea e hoʻomaha ai, koho nā aeto gula i nā kumulāʻau e ulu ma nā pōhaku mamao a i ʻole nā ʻūlili.
Noho nā manu ma kahi o nā wahi āpau o Lūkia, akā ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hoʻomohala i nā panalāʻau mamao aku i nā poʻe, no laila he mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā lākou i nā wahi noho.
ʻOiai ma ka ʻāina pālahalaha aneane waiho kahi poʻe no ka mea ʻaihue, kū ka ʻaeto gula i nā kahawai o Estonia, Belarus, Lituania, Latvia, Nolewai, Suedena, Denmark. Pale aku nā manu me ka hakakā i ko lākou panalāʻau; kūkulu lākou i nā pūnana ma kahi mamao aku ma kahi o 10 km i kekahi. ʻIke ʻia makemake nā ʻaeto gula i ka noho kaʻawale a me ka maluhia, no laila, kokoke i nā kauhale liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole pūnana kēia mau manu.
Wā ola
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i kahi manu o ka nui ma ka home, akā naʻe, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea ʻimi holoholona, he waiwai ia. Ma ke ʻano he loina, lawe ʻia nā moa ʻōpio mai ka pūnana mai, akā i kekahi manawa e hopu ʻia nā kānaka nui.
E hōʻeleu ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka manu i nā kānaka a kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, kau palena ʻia ka mea ʻaihue i ka meaʻai. ʻO kāna ʻāpana he 300-350 g ʻiʻo, ʻoiai e hānai ʻia ka ʻaeto i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻokomo ka mea hahai holoholona i ka manu ma kona lima, pale ʻia e ka mīkina lima ʻili, a hele pū me ka holoholona ma nā wahi i piha i ka lehulehu, no laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka manu i ka walaʻau o ke kaiāulu. Hoʻonoho iā ia ma luna o kahi holoholona ukana.
Mālama lākou i ka ʻaetoeto i loko o ka hale ākea a i ʻole kahi lumi paʻa; pono lākou e uhi i ko lākou mau maka i mea e hōʻoia ai i kona maluhia a pale iā ia mai ka hoʻolei ʻana. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, he leʻaleʻa maoli ka hele ʻana i kahi e hopu ai me kēia manu.
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻimi mau kekahi mau kānaka i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia me kāna ʻaeto gula ponoʻī. I ka nahelehele, ma ka awelika, e noho ana kahi mea hānai hulu manu no 23 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, hiki i nā kānaka ke ola i ʻelua mau lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi.
Heluna o kēia laha
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻaeto ʻaeto ma ka Buke ʻulae like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he laha ʻano manu. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ʻikepili o kēia au, ʻaʻole e emi ka helu o nā kānaka; i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hana a ke kanaka wale nō ka mea e hoʻopili i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona.
I nā kenekulia 18 a 19, ua kī ʻia nā manu no ka mea hōʻino lākou i nā holoholona. No laila, ma ka panalāʻau o Kelemania, aneane pau nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha i luku ʻia. I ke kenekulia i hala, ua kōkua ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu e ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o nā kemika hakakā.
Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana o nā manu i nā mea ola, ua komo nā pūhui kemika weliweli i ke kino o ka manu me ia, a ʻo ka hopena, ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i nā pathologies i ka ulu ʻana o nā embryos a, ʻo ka hopena, ka make ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio.
I kēia mau lā, noho nui kahi kanaka i nā panalāʻau, ka mea e kaupalena ai i ke koho ʻana o ka nohona ʻaʻole wale no nā ʻaeto, akā, no nā kiole liʻiliʻi hoʻi, ka mea i hopu ʻia e ka mea ʻaka. Hiki i kēia mau mea āpau ke hōʻemi i ka helu o nā manu.
I mea e hoʻolaulaha ai i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka heluna aeto gula a pale iā ia mai ka make ʻana, ke hana ʻia nei nā ana pono āpau i nā ʻāina he nui i hopu i ka wahi noho. No laila, i ka nui o Lūkia a me Kazakhstan, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūnaewele pūnana o nā aeto me nā wahi pale a hiki i ka pale.
Ma ke ala, i ko mākou panalāʻau wale nō e ola ai ka ʻaeto gula ma mua o 20 mau ʻano pale like. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu ma nā kahua ponoʻī a me nā zoo, akā me ia ʻano ʻike, ʻano liʻiliʻi lākou.
Hoʻohui a me ka wā hānau
Aeto gula - manuka mea e kūpaʻa i kāna hoa ma ka hana ʻana i ʻelua. Hoʻonohonoho kēlā me kēia o lākou i nā pūnana 2 a 12 a hoʻohana iā lākou i ka huli i nā manawa like ʻole, e hoʻopau mau ana a hoʻomaikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO ke kau moʻo e mau ana mai ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a i ka wanaʻao, a ma mua paha o Pepeluali a ʻApelila.
I kēia wā, hōʻike nā aeto gula iā lākou iho i ka lele, e hana nei i nā kiʻi lewa paʻakikī a me ka hoʻohālike ʻana i nā mea huli holoholona. ʻO kēia ʻano kekahi ʻano o kahi manu mehameha e ʻimi nei i kahi hoa, a i ʻole ʻelua paʻa paʻa. Hiki ke oʻo i ka moekolohe huluhulu i ka makahiki 4-5 mau makahiki.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu i ka pūnana i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila, ʻo ka maʻamau ma mua o ʻekolu mau hua. Hana pū nā hoa ʻelua i ka incubation i ka huli. Hana ʻia kēia hana i nā lā he kanahākūmālima. A laila e ʻimi nā kāne i ka meaʻai, a hānai ka wahine i nā keiki. Ma hope o 2.5-3 mau mahina, haʻalele nā moa i ka pūnana.
Hānai holoholona a me ka meaʻai
Aeto gula – manu ʻaihue... No ka hopu holoholona, koho ʻo ia i nā ʻio, nā iole, nāʻiole nui aku, ʻai pinepine i nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā bipi ʻōpio a me nā ruminants liʻiliʻi - dia, hipa, bipi keiki, kao - hana ma ke ʻano he pio.
ʻO nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi me nā gopher a me nā ferrets, skunks, squirrels, marmots, ermines, duck, partridges a me nā geese i ka papaʻai o ka ʻaeto gula. ʻO nā holoholona nui, ʻimi holoholona ka hulu hipa i nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae, nā dia a me nā dia.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka manu e hoʻouka i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona iho. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai pinepine ia i ka make. I kēlā me kēia lā pono ka ʻaeto gula i 2 kg o kaʻiʻo, akā i ka nele o ka meaʻai hiki iā ia ke pōloli no 5 mau pule.
ʻO ka hihiʻo o ka ʻaeto he 8 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ko ke kanaka, no laila, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lele, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi mea i pakele e pakele iā ia. Hiki iā ia ke nānā aku e lana mālie ana i ka lewa a hoʻouka kaua me ka ikaika a hiki i kekahi poʻe ke mālama. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻaeto i ka hakakā a ma ka honua, inā lālau ʻo ia i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia me kona mau māiʻuʻu, ʻaʻole e hoʻopakele ʻia ka mea pio nui a dodgy hoʻi.
Mahalo i kona kino nui a me nā ʻeheu nunui, hiki i ka ʻaetoeto gula ke hāpai i kahi ukana ke kaupaona a 20 kg o ke kaumaha ola i ka lewa, a i ka hakakā honua, lanakila i kahi ʻīlio hae i ke kaua ma ka haki ʻana i kona ʻāʻī. Ma waho o ke kau moʻo, ʻimi nā mea ʻino i kekahi manawa i nā mea pālua. Inā ua pakele ka mea i hōʻino ʻia mai hoʻokahi manu, e loaʻa koke ʻo ia iā ia e ka hoa.
ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano hakakā, paʻakikī kēia mau mea hōʻaiʻē i ka komo ʻana o ka poʻe kūwaho i ko lākou ʻāina, ʻo ka oi aku i nā kānaka. ʻO kekahi mau kāne i kūkulu i kahi pūnana kahi i kau mua ai nā moa a i ʻole i hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua manu e haʻalele iā ia inā kokoke mai kahi mea nāna lākou i hoʻopilikia.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Hōʻike nā Zoologists i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o nā mea konohiki.
- Aia nā aeto gula i kekahi o nā wāwae lōʻihi loa i ka ʻohana aeto.
- I nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo nui, neʻe kēia mau manu i nā wahi mahana a lele wale paha mai nā kuahiwi a i ka ʻāina pālahalaha.
- ʻIke nui ka maka o ka ʻaeto gula i hiki iā ia ke ʻike i kahi hare holo mai ke kiʻekiʻe o 4 km.
- ʻO kēia mau manu ka wikiwiki o nā ʻaeto a hiki i ka luʻu ʻana me ka wikiwiki o 120 km / h.
- Hiki i nā manu ke kūkulu i nā pūnana ʻelua ma luna o nā lāʻau a ma nā pali pōhaku.
- ʻO nā pūnana, i hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hiki ke piʻi i ka nui o ka nui o ka manawa.
- ʻAʻole kau ka wahine i nā hua āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā me ka haʻihaʻi o kekahi mau lā.
- Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, hōʻike ka ʻaeto gula i kona ʻano kolohe: ʻo ka moa ʻoi i ka hapanui o nā hihia e luku i ke kaikaina, ʻoiai inā he wahine ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hakakā nā mākua a mai hoʻāʻo e pale i ka nāwaliwali.
- Ke ʻimi nei i kahi mea pio nui, kuʻu ka mea ʻaihue i kona mau māiʻu i loko o ke kino, a hoʻokau i kahi hahau make. Pepehi kanaka koke ʻia ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi.
- Hele mua kahi manu ʻōpio ma ka ʻeheu i kona makahiki 70-80, ʻoiai e makemake ana e noho kokoke i ka pūnana.
- Hāʻawi ka maka o ka ʻaeto aila iā ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia i ke aupuni holoholona.
- Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kau hoʻomoe hua manu e ka latitude o ka predator. No laila, ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui wela a i ʻole ma Mekiko, ʻike ʻia nā moa i Ianuali, ma nā wahi anuanu ʻākau a me ʻĀkau - i Iune, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika - i Malaki.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka manu ʻāpala hulu i ke kūlana o kekahi ʻano me ka makaʻu haʻahaʻa o ka make ʻana. Akā no ka ʻimi manu ʻana, hoʻoholo ʻia ka uku hoʻopaʻi, me ka paʻa lua, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi noho o ka hale paʻahao.
ʻAeto ʻaeto i loko o ke kiʻi a i ke ola maoli ke nānā aku ʻo ia i ka hanohano a me ka lokomaikaʻi, no laila kāna hana nui a me kāna ʻano e hoihoi i nā loea i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka honua holoholona. I mea e pale aku ai i nā laha mai ka hāʻule nui o ka heluna kanaka, pono e hōʻike ke kanaka i ka hana.
