Kuhi ʻia nā kīʻaha kahawai ʻo ia ka ʻāina ma kahi o ka muliwai nui a me kāna mau mea lawelawe. He ʻokoʻa a kū hoʻokahi ka ʻōnaehana wai, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hana i nā lauana ʻokoʻa ma luna o ka honua. Ma ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, e neʻe ka wai i ke ala o nā kahawai nui a hui pū me lākou, e hana ana i nā muliwai nui, nā kai a me nā moana. ʻO nā ipu muliwai nā ʻano aʻe:
- lāʻau-like;
- lattice;
- huluhulu;
- kūlikeʻe;
- annular
- radial.
He kūlana ko kēlā me kēia o lākou, kahi a mākou e ʻike ai ma hope.
ʻAno lāʻau lālā
ʻO ka mua ka ʻano lālā lālā; ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma nā granite a i ʻole basalt massifs a me nā kuahiwi. I ka helehelena, ua like kēlā ʻano wai me kahi kumulāʻau me kahi kumu i kūlike i ke kahawai nui, a me nā lālā ʻoihana ʻO nā kahawai o kēia ʻano hiki ke liʻiliʻi a nui hoʻi, e like me ka ʻōnaehana Rhine.
ʻAno Lattice
Kahi e kuʻi ai nā pae mauna i kekahi, e hana ana i nā pā loloa, hiki i nā kahawai ke kahe like, e like me ka lattice. Ma ka Himalayas, kahe ka Mekong a me Yangtze ma nā awāwa ākea ākea no nā mile he mau kaukani, ʻaʻole e pili ana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, a laila kahe i nā kai like ʻole, he mau haneli mau kilomika kaawale.
ʻAno Cirrus
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana muliwai ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka confluence o nā tributaries i loko o ka muliwai nui (core). Hele mai lākou symmetrically mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina ma kahi huina huina a i ʻole akau ʻākau. Hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano cirrus o ke kahawai i nā awāwa lonikū o nā ʻāpana pelu. I kekahi mau wahi hiki ke hana i kēia ʻano i ʻelua mau manawa.
ʻAno like
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ia mau kīʻaha ke kahe like o nā kahawai. Hiki i nā wai ke neʻe i hoʻokahi ala a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, kū aʻe nā kīʻaha kūlike i nā wahi pelu a me nā ʻūlū i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai lalo o ka pae kai. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā wahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā pōhaku o ka ikaika like ʻole.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kīʻaha kinikini (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo pitchfork) ma nā hale paʻakai.
ʻAno Radial
ʻO ke ʻano aʻe he radial; kahe nā kahawai o kēia ʻano i lalo o nā pali mai ke kiko kiʻekiʻe waena e like me nā haʻi o ka huila. ʻO nā kahawai ʻApelika o ka Plateau Biye ma Angola kahi laʻana nui o kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana muliwai.
Kūleʻa nā kahawai, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ke kahawai like no ka lōʻihi. Auwana lākou ma ka ʻili o ka honua a no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kekahi mau panalāʻau ʻē aʻe a "kiʻi pio ʻia" e kekahi muliwai ʻē aʻe.
Hana ʻia kēia i kahi kahawai nui, hū i ke kapa, ʻokiʻoki i ke kahawai o kekahi a hoʻokomo i kāna wai i kāna ponoʻī. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi loa o kēia ka muliwai ʻo Delaware (kapakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa), a no kekahi manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o nā glacier i ka hopu ʻana i nā wai o kekahi mau kahawai nui.
Mai kā lākou kumuwaiwai, ua holo kiki kēia mau kahawai i ke kai ma kā lākou iho, akā ua hopu ʻia lākou e ka muliwai ʻo Delaware a mai ia manawa ua lilo lākou i mau kahawai. ʻO kā lākou "ʻoki" ʻana i lalo e hoʻomau i ke ola o nā kahawai kūʻokoʻa, akā ua nalowale ko lākou mana mua.
Hoʻomohele ʻia nā kīʻaha muliwai i loko o ka wai kahe a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana o loko. Hoʻopili ka ʻano mua i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai a i ʻole kai. ʻAʻole pili ka wai pau ʻole i ka Honua Honua - holo lākou i loko o nā kino wai.
Hiki i nā kīʻaha muliwai a i ʻole lalo i lalo. ʻOhi ka ʻili i ka momona a me ka wai mai ka honua, lalo o ka honua - hānai lākou mai nā kumuwaiwai i lalo o ka honua. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka palena a i ka nui o ka ipu lepo, no laila, hōʻike ʻike ʻia nā ʻike āpau i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hydrologists.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka ipu wai, ʻo ia hoʻi: ke kinona, ka nui, ke ʻano, i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā mea e like me ke kōkua, ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kanu, ke kūlana ʻāina o ka ʻōnaehana muliwai, ka honua a me nā wahi.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ke ʻano o ke kīʻaha muliwai he mea pono loa no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hanana honua o nā wahi. Kōkua ia e aʻo e pili ana i nā kuhikuhi pelu, nā laina hewa, nā ʻōnaehana haʻi i nā pōhaku a me nā ʻike nui ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi kona ʻano kūikawā o ka ipu wai.
