Ua hoʻomamoʻo ke kāne i nā lio. Ma ke ʻano he koho, ua kupu mai nā ʻano lehulehu he nui. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hulu mai keʻokeʻo a i ka ʻeleʻele. Hele mai ka lauoho lio i ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a me nā aka melemele, a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hoʻonani i ke kino. Piebald nā lio a uhi ʻia i nā kiko paʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona e pili ana i ka lāhui, ʻokoʻa mai 227 a 900 kg i ke kaupaona, ma ka lōʻihi mai 220 a 280 cm a mai 0.9 a 1.7 1.7 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
Wehewehe lio
He hooves oval ka lio, he huelo lōʻihi, huluhulu kino pōkole, wīwī wīwī lōʻihi, ʻokiwi ikaika a ikaika hoʻi, ʻāʻī ikaika elongated a me kahi poʻo lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka mane kahi o nā lauoho lauoho ākea e hoʻonui ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī i nā ʻano kūloko a me nā holoholona hihiu. Holo nā lio i ka mauʻu. No ka nau ʻana i nā mea kanu, loaʻa iā lākou nā molars paʻakikī a ulu mau i ko lākou waha. Hoʻomohala ka mānoanoa, ka hoʻoilo i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, i ulu piha ʻia e Kekemapa. Hoʻomaka ka hulu hoʻoilo e hoʻolei i ka wā puna, a i ke kauwela e uhi ka lole ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi i ke kino.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kino ʻē aʻe:
- pumehana-wela;
- symmetry kino bilateral;
- like nā kāne ʻelua.
Nā ʻano lio
Lio hihiu (Equus ferus), aka lio o Przewalski
Lio o Przewalski
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o nā lio kūloko. Mānoanoa, ʻāʻī pōkole a me nā lālā pōkole, kūkulu paʻa. He ʻeleʻele ka iris, akā i kekahi mau mea polū. ʻO ka mane a me ka huelo, ʻokoʻa ka lio lio, molt i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻEleʻele ka mane i ka ʻeleʻele a kū pololei me ka ʻole o nā bangs. He manes loloa a kahe ko nā lio kūloko. He lauoho pōkole ka huelo, hoʻolōʻihi ka lauoho i nā ʻaoʻao. He lauoho lauoho huelo loloa ko ka lio home a puni ka huelo. Pōkole a kiʻekiʻe ke kīʻaha, māmā, keʻokeʻo pinepine, pouli nā kihi o nā puka ihu, pololei ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka iwi ā. ʻElua kala ka ʻili: ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula a me ka hina melemele. ʻEʻeleʻele ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ma mua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kino o lalo ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao. 3-10 mau kaha ʻeleʻele lahilahi ma nā wāwae. Holo kahi kaula ʻeleʻele ("puhi") mai ka mane a i ka hiʻu.
Lio noho aliʻi (Equus ferus caballus)
Lio noho aliʻi
He ʻāʻī lōʻihi kona a me kona mau wāwae, he puʻupuʻu paʻakikī. I loko o nā makahiki o ka hānau ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe i nā kala like ʻole o ka lauoho a me ka hulu hipa, nā lau o ke kala. ʻO kekahi o nā waihoʻoluʻu maʻamau ka hina, ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula, a me nā mea ʻalani. Hoʻololi ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka nui.
Lio Feral (Equus caballus)
Lio hihiu
Morphologically like me ka lio kūloko. Ma ka awelika 1-1.6 m ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka poʻohiwi a me ke kaupaona 350-450 kg. He ʻano like ʻole ka laulā, ʻāpana kala o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo i keʻokeʻo me nā ʻalani a ʻalani paha. Pōkole ka lahilahi a lahilahi, pōkole ka huelo, ma ka lae (forelock) a ma ka ʻāʻī (mane). ʻO ke ola maʻamau o E. caballus he 25-30 mau makahiki.
Kiang (Equus kiang)
Kiang
ʻO kaʻahu o ke kiang ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻoilo, keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino, ʻaʻole lākou e loli e like me ke kau. ʻO ke kiang he 140 knm mau poʻohiwi a he kaupaona ma waena o 250 a me 440 kg.
Kulan (Equus hemionus)
Kulan
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano lio ʻē aʻe, he wāwae pōkole kona. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ke kino me ke kau, ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela, ʻeleʻele melemele i ka hoʻoilo. He kaula ʻeleʻele kā lākou e pili ana me ka keʻokeʻo e iho ana i ka waena o ke kua. Mane pouli pololei. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma, me nā hōʻailona keʻokeʻo ma ke kua o ka poʻohiwi a me ka mua o ka sakum. He wahi keʻokeʻo ko ka waha a puni nā puka ihu, hina nā lehelehe.
Lio wahine poae
Lio Faroese
Loaʻa ma nā Mokupuni Faroe ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau. ʻO kēia kahi o nā ʻano lio kahiko loa, kākaʻikahi loa, ʻaneʻane make.
Mustang
ʻO kēia mau lio he keiki lākou no kahi lāhui Sepania i kapa ʻia he mau lio Iberian, ʻo nā mustady ʻenehana he mau lio hihiu, ʻaʻole nā lio hihiu.
Hoʻoulu lio
Hōʻike nā lio i nā kala like ʻole a hele mai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Aia ma luna o 350 ka nui o nā ʻano lio a me nā lio. Māhele ʻia lākou i nā hui aʻe:
- ʻO nā lio māmā me nā iwi lahilahi a me nā wāwae a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma lalo o 590 kg, e like me Thoroughbred, High Pedigree, Morgan a me nā lio ʻAlapia.
- ʻO nā lio kaumaha a kikoʻī paha i kaupaona ma kahi o 600 kg. He mau ikaika ikaika kēia me nā iwi nui a me nā wāwae ikaika, no ka laʻana, ʻo Persheronskie, Brabancon, Lūkini kaumaha Lūkini (Bityug).
Hāpai ʻia nā ʻano lio o kēia au i mea e kūlike ai nā holoholona i ke ʻano a me ka hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau ʻano kino lākou e pono ai e hana i kekahi ʻano hana. ʻO nā lio māmā, maʻalahi e like me nā lio ʻAlapia a Akhal-Teke hoʻi i hānai ʻia i nā aniau maloʻo no ka wikiwiki a me ke ahonui no nā wahi lōʻihi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi lio kikoo kaumaha, e like me ka Belgian, e huki i ka palau a hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe ma ka mahiʻai.
Hānai ʻia nā ponies o nā laha āpau e nā kānaka i hiki ai iā lākou ke hauʻoli i nā keiki a no ka hana ma nā wahi e like me nā mines a i ʻole kahi e lawa ʻole ai ka meaʻai e mālama ai i nā holoholona nui.
Ma waena o kēia mau mea ʻoi loa, hānai ʻia nā lio e hana i kēia mau hana:
- huki ʻia e nā kaʻa a i ʻole nā kaʻa kaʻa;
- hāpai naita i nā mea kaua kaumaha;
- komo i na heihei;
- hana ʻia i loko o nā circus;
- hoʻohana ʻia e hānai holoholona ʻē aʻe;
- lawe i nā mea kaumaha.
Hōʻike nā lio i nā wikiwiki ʻehā i kapa ʻia ʻo gaits. O lākou:
- hoʻolōʻihi mālie;
- trot (ʻoi iki ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka prancing);
- māmā holo (wikiwiki ma mua o trot);
- kaʻa hele (ka holo lio wikiwiki loa).
ʻO ka holo lio
ʻO nā lio me nā kala ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā inoa. ʻO kekahi o nā kala mua:
- ke kai kūʻono - mai ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka mane ʻeleʻele, ka huelo a me nā ʻālohilohi;
- ʻulaʻula - mai ka apricot i ke kala chestnut ʻeleʻele me ka ʻole ʻeleʻele;
- hina - ʻili ʻeleʻele, akā kahi hui o nā huluhulu keʻokeʻo a me nā lauʻeleʻele;
- ʻeleʻele - ʻeleʻele loa;
- palaunu - ʻano ʻulaʻula me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula;
- pāʻani - huluhulu hulu melemele;
- Bulanaya - ke gula gula māmā;
- piebald - kahi lio lehulehu me nā kiko o ka ʻulaʻula, brown, keʻokeʻo a me / a ʻeleʻele paha.
Lio ʻeleʻele
He aha nā pūʻulu e kuhikuhi nei i nā mea hoʻohua lio?
ʻO ka inoa o ka lio e pili ana inā he kāne a he wahine paha ia, a ehia mau makahiki o kēlā kanaka.
- foal - lio ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki;
- hoʻokahi makahiki - kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio mai hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha;
- lio lio - he kāne ma lalo o ʻehā mau makahiki;
- lio wahine - lio wahine a i ʻehā mau makahiki;
- kāne kāne - he kāne ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki a ʻaʻole ia he kuʻina;
- gelding - kāne kāne kuʻi ʻia;
- wahine wahine - he wahine ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai nā lio
Ua noho nā kūpuna o nā lio ma ʻApelika ʻākau, ma ka ʻāina nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. I ka Late Ice Age, ua noho lākou ma loko o ʻAkau ʻAkau, akā ua make lākou ma kahi o 8,000 - 10,000 mau makahiki i hala. Noho nā lio kūloko i kēia manawa a pili i nā kānaka.
He aha ka nohona e pono ai nā lio
Hoʻololi nā lio i nā wahi like ʻole i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO nā wahi i makemake ʻia he anuanu, nāhelehele mahana, steppes a me nā sabana, akā noho pū nā holoholona i nā wao akua, ma waena o nā wahi kai a me nā ululāʻau.
Pehea ka hānai lio
Hānai nā kāne ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā wahine i ka wā o ka moena, ka pale ʻana i nā kāne mai nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻipoipo me nā wahine o ka pā. Hakaka nā kāne me ke keʻehi a me ka ʻūpā.
Pālua
Hāpai nā lio i nā mahina kauwela mahana. Noho ka hāpai ʻana mai 287 a i 419 mau lā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hānau keiki ʻana i kahi puna a i ʻole ka hāʻule o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka maʻamau hānau ʻia kahi keiki kāne, kākaʻikahi nā māhoe.
Hana ʻia ka hānau ʻana ma ka pō a ma kahi mālie. Hōʻike kino ʻia nā Foals. Kū lākou i loko o hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a kū i ko lākou mau wāwae ma hope o ʻehā a ʻelima mau hola, e ukali nei i ko lākou makuahine. I ka mahina mua, noho ka cub me ka makuahine. I ka lua o ka malama, loaʻa kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka ukuhi ʻana, a hala i 2 mau makahiki i nā ʻīlio hihiu. I nā lio hānai, hānai ʻia nā keiki lio mai ko lākou makuahine i ka makahiki 4 a 6 mau mahina.
Hele wīwī lākou iho ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana, akā pono ke kōkua. Hilinaʻi nā ʻōpio i ko lākou mau makuahine a me kā lākou bipi e pale iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻaihue a loaʻa ka meaʻai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou iho Hōʻike nā noiʻi e haʻalele nā lio ʻāhiu i kā lākou hānau ʻia i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o lākou makahiki.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā lio
Aia ke ola i nā kumu he nui, e like me ka lāhui a me ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ʻano he noho, noho nā lio kūloko mai 25 a 30 mau makahiki, ʻo ka nui o nā moʻolelo he 61 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lio noho lōʻihi loa i ke kūlohelohe i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e nā zoologists i 1974, ʻo kona mau makahiki he 36 mau makahiki. Nā kumu e hoʻopili ana i ke ola i kēia:
- ʻai pono;
- he aha ke ʻano o ka hana a ka holoholona.
- helu o nā pōʻai hānau;
- kūlana hānau;
- nā maʻi i hala iho nei;
- ola kino niho;
- hooikaika kino.
Pehea ke ʻano o nā holoholona
He māmele kaiā lio. I nā heluna hihiu a i ʻole hapa hihiu, hana lākou i nā holoholona me kahi hierarchy kaiāulu. Hoʻopili pū ka pūʻā i nā mares 26, 5 mau lio lio a me nā ʻōpio o nā makahiki like ʻole. He hierarchy kaiāulu maikaʻi nā kahu lio, i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kāne alpha. Pale lākou i ka hui mai nā mea hōkai a mai ka hoʻokūkū kāne i ka hapa nui o ka manawa.
Hana nā lio i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kau. I ke anilā wela hānai lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi, e pale i nā mahana wela o ke awakea. Hiamoe nā lio i nā ʻāpana i ke ao, ʻaʻole mau ka hiamoe ma mua o 2 mau hola. ʻAʻole moe nā holoholona i ka honua no hoʻokahi hola a hiamoe ʻoiai e kū ana.
ʻĀina lio
Pehea lākou e kamaʻilio ai me kekahi
I nā lio, loaʻa nā ihu a me nā papalina i nā hulina i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ke kaiapuni ma o ka hoʻopā ʻana. ʻO ka hihiʻo ke kaʻa mua no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao a pololei hoʻi, kahi e hāpai ai i ka ʻike auditory. ʻOiai he mea nui ke ʻano o ka honi, ʻaʻole ia he lālā kumu nui a hoʻokani i kahi kuleana liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hihiʻi a i ʻole nā mea loaʻa i ka ihu a i ʻole nā papalina.
Kamaʻilio nā lio me kekahi ma o nā ʻōuli a me nā leo. ʻAkaʻaka, nahu, hoʻokuʻi a keʻehi aku kekahi i nā lālā o herd i kekahi i kekahi e hoʻokumu a hoʻoikaika i kahi hierarchical, e hōʻike i ka mana.
He ʻano like ʻole nā ʻano o nā lio. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana i nā lehelehe, e hōʻike ana i nā niho kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka minoʻaka, ke kuhi ʻana i ke poʻo, a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā pepeiao i mua a i luna. ʻO nā ʻōniu aggressive e komo i nā pepeiao i hoʻihoʻi ʻia a hōʻike ʻia nā niho me nā ihu paʻa.
ʻO ka mea e ʻai ai nā lio
ʻO nā lio nā mea kanu lāʻau e ʻai ana i nā mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā papaʻai lio home me nā hua e like me ka ʻoka, flax a me ka palaoa. Ma waho o ka mauʻu a me nā lau, ʻai pū nā lio i ka wahie, ka ʻili, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua, a me nā nati.
ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻouka i nā lio a me kā lākou mea ola i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO nā Predators e alualu i nā lio hihiu: nā ʻīlio hae, nā coyote a me nā liona. Hoʻouka nā Predators i nā holoholona kahiko, maʻi a ʻōpio paha. Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka ʻohana e kahi mea ʻino, hoʻouka ka kāne alpha iā ia, nahu a peku me kona mau ʻāpā. Pale nā wahine i nā keiki i ke ala like. He poʻe ʻaihue nā kānaka, alualu lākou i nā lio, ma ka mōʻaukala a me kēia lā.
He aha ka hana a ka lio i ke kaiaola
Hoʻolālā lio:
- kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hui mahiʻai;
- ua hoʻololi i ke ala o ka huakaʻi;
- ua hoʻohuli i ka pilina ma waena o nā hui like ʻole o ka lehulehu.
Ma ke ʻano he holoholona hānai, hoʻohuli ka lio i ka like ʻole a me ke ʻano o nā kaiaola. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻolaha nā lio i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu.
Pehea ka launa ʻana o nā lio me nā kānaka
He mea waiwai ka lio i nā kānaka i kēia manawa a me ka mōʻaukala. Ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he kumuʻai, lawe i ka poʻe a me nā waiwai, he mea nui i nā hoʻouka kaua, i nā haʻuki a me nā leʻaleʻa, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā lio he mau holoholona punahele a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka poʻe maʻi.
I ka mahiʻai, ʻohiʻohi nā lio i nā mea kanu, nā palau a me nā māla, a me ka manure kahi mea kanu nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Horsehair i nā huahana like ʻole.
Ua aneane pau paha i ka lio?
Nui nā lio kahu i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. ʻO ko lākou poʻe hoahānau kokoke loa, nā lio hihiu o Przewalski, i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he “mōʻī” i loko o ka puke Red.
