ʻO kekahi o nā kumu o ka hoʻohaumia kaiapuni nā metala kaumaha (HM), ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau mea o ka ʻōnaehana Mendeleev. Lawe lākou i nā hana olaola he nui. Aia i waena o nā metala kaumaha e hoʻohaumia ai ka biosphere nā mea penei:
- nikala;
- titanium;
- kiniki;
- kēpau;
- vanadium;
- mercury;
- cadmium;
- tin;
- chromium;
- keleawe;
- manganese;
- molybdenum;
- kōpena.
Nā kumuwaiwai o ka haumia kaiapuni
I ke ʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumuwaiwai o ka haumia i kaiapuni me nā metala kaumaha i kūlohelohe a hana ʻia e ke kanaka. I ka hihia mua, komo nā mea kemika i loko o ka biosphere ma muli o ka wai a me ka ʻaʻai ʻana o ka makani, nā lua pele, a me ka wili ʻana o nā minelala. I ka lua o ka hihia, komo nā HM i ka lewa, lithosphere, hydrosemea ma muli o ka hana anthropogenic hana: ke ahi i ka wahie no ka ikehu, i ka wā o ka hana metallurgical a me nā hana kemika, i ka mahiʻai, i ka wā o ka unuhi ʻana o nā minelala, a pēlā aku.
I ka wā o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo ka haumia o ke kaiapuni me nā metala kaumaha e kū i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- i ka lewa i ke ʻano o nā aerosols, e hohola ana ma nā wahi ākea;
- hui pū me nā ʻenehana hana, komo nā metala i nā kino o ka wai, e hoʻololi nei i ka hui kemika o nā kahawai, nā kai, nā moana, a komo pū i ka wai lepo
- ke noho nei i ka papa o ka lepo, hoʻololi nā metala i kāna ʻano, a hiki i kona hoʻopau ʻana.
Ka weliweli o ka haumia mai nā metala kaumaha
ʻO ka makaʻi nui o nā HMs ke hoʻohaumia lākou i nā papa o ka biosfer. A ʻo kahi hopena, komo ka uahi a me nā puka lepo i ka lewa, a laila hāʻule i ke ʻano o ka ua waikawa. A laila hanu ka poʻe a me nā holoholona i ka ea haumia, komo kēia mau mea i ke kino o nā mea ola, e hoʻoulu ana i nā ʻano pathology a me nā maʻi āpau.
Hoʻohaumia nā mea hao i nā wahi wai āpau a me nā kumu wai. Hoʻokumu kēia i ka pilikia o ka hemahema o ka wai inu ma ka honua. I kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka honua, make ka poʻe ʻaʻole wale ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai palaha, no ka mea he maʻi lākou, akā no ka make wai hoʻi.
Hōʻiliʻili nā HM i ka honua a ʻawahia nā mea kanu e ulu ana i loko. I ka manawa ma ka lepo, lawe ʻia nā metala i loko o ke aʻa aʻa, a laila komo i nā ʻōiwi a me nā lau, nā aʻa a me nā ʻanoʻano. ʻO kā lākou mea i alakaʻi aku ai i kahi deterioration i ka ulu ʻana o nā flora, ka mea ʻino, melemele, ʻele a make ʻana o nā mea kanu.
No laila, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole nā metala kaumaha i ke kaiapuni. Komo lākou i ka biosphere i nā ʻano like ʻole, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka nui a keu mahalo i nā hana a ka poʻe. No ka hoʻolohi i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohaumia ʻo HM, pono ka kaohi ʻana i nā wahi āpau o ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana i nā kānana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻemi i ka nui o nā ʻōpala i loaʻa i nā metala
