I kekahi manawa, mahalo ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ke akua wahine o ka mahina - Selena ("mālamalama, ʻōlinolino"). Ua manaʻo ʻia ke noho aliʻi nei kēia kaikuahine o ka Lā a me Dawn (Helios a me Eos) ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō, e noho aliʻi ana ma luna o ka honua o ka pouli pohihihi. Hana ʻo ia i kahi kapa komo silvery, he minoʻaka enigmatic kona i kona helehelena mae a nani hoʻi.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, i ka mānoanoa nui o nā moana he iʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo selenium no nā mea kūpaha o kona ʻano. Maopopo iā mākou he iʻa vomer, mai iʻa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia e ke kai kai o ka ʻohana lio lio. E hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo selenium, kahi e ola ai a he aha nā mea hoihoi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kino kiʻekiʻe o kahi iʻa maʻamau, pālahalaha ikaika ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, ke hahau koke nei. ʻO ia kahi hanana i kū i nā poʻe benthic i lalo o ka wai. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma laila, no laila e hoʻopili nā mea ola, e lawe ana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē. Loaʻa ka nui mai 24 a 90 cm, e pili ana i ka laha. Loaʻa nā kaumaha mai 1 kg a i 4.6 kg.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo iʻa vomer i ke kiʻi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hana ʻana o kāna iwi lae i kahi kihi ʻākau a kokoke, e hele ana i ka iwi ā. ʻO ke poʻo, ma muli o kona ʻano pālahalaha, me he mea nui lā. ʻO ia ka hapahā o ka nui o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Pololei ke kua, pololei ka laina ʻōpū, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
Kahe koke lākou i loko o ka huelo, e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o ke alahaka liʻiliʻi a he fin V i hoʻokino maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka fin mua ma ke kua he 8 mau iwi ʻoi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka nui. ʻO ka hope aʻe ka stockade o nā spines a hiki i ka hiʻu i ke ʻano o kahi bristle liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā fins anal i ka nui o nā laha.
Piʻi ka ʻāʻī lalo me ka hoʻowahāwahā. ʻO ka lū o ka waha ma hope o ka laina oblique. Poepoe nā maka o ka iʻa, me ke kaʻe kālā. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale lākou e kōkua i kēia mau mea hoʻokele i ka lewa.
Ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻono a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana, kahi e ʻike ai i nā pio, nā ālai a me nā ʻenemi. Hāʻawi wale kā lākou hana maʻamau i ke ʻano kūpono o ka iʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano disc, ʻano like ka iʻa me ka mahina me ke kala o ke kino e ʻālohilohi ana. Ma ke kua, lawe ke kala i kahi momi polū a i ʻole ke kani ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki. Hinahina ʻāhinahina.
Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou helehelena hoihoi, ʻokoʻa ka seleniums mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā leo e like me ke kaniʻuhū, noho mālie, akā ʻano ʻē loa. Kūkākūkā lākou me lākou i loko o ka ʻeke a hoʻāʻo paha e makaʻu i nā ʻenemi.
Nā ʻano
I kēia manawa hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ʻehiku mau ʻano o ka mackerel lio. Noho ʻehā o lākou i ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ʻekolu ma ka wai Pākīpika. ʻAʻohe o ka unahi o nā mea hope, eia kekahi, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko kā lākou mau fin, keu hoʻi i nā iʻa ʻōpio.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kamaʻāina o ʻAkelanika ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana. Kāhea ʻia kēia poʻe noho wai āpau i ka "selenium" - lunar, akā ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui ʻia me ka mahina iʻa maoli, i kapa ʻia ʻo Mola mola.
E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano selenium (ka luaʻi).
- Selena Brevoort (Selene brevoortii) He kamaʻāina ʻo ia ma nā wai Pākīpika, mai Mekiko a i ʻEkuador. ʻO ka nui o nā ana ma kahi o 38-42 knm. Ua kapa ʻia ia ma ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka naturalist ʻAmelika, ka mea hōʻiliʻili a me ka numismatist ʻo J. Carson Brevoort (1817-1887) no kona hoihoi i kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana mackerel lio. Hana ma ke ʻano he mea kālepa kūloko.
- Hiki ke kāhea ʻia kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi loa o selenium Caribbean moonfish (Selene brownie). ʻO kona awelika lōʻihi ma kahi o 23-24 cm. Noho ia i nā wai o ʻAkelanika, mai ke kapakai o Mexico a hiki i Brazil. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka makaukau, ʻaʻohe lawaiʻa maoli no ia. Inoa brownie (brown) loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana longitudinal ʻeleʻele i ke kua a me ka ʻōpū.
- Selene ʻApelika - Selene dorsalis... Noho ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ke Kaiwaenahonua, e hoʻolaha ana mai ke kapakai o Pokukala a i ka hema o ʻApelika. Auʻau pinepine i nā waha o ka muliwai a me nā kūʻono. ʻO kona nui ma kahi o 37-40 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 1.5 kg.
- Selenium Mekiko (Selene orstedii) mea maʻa mau ma ka kapakai hikina o ʻAmelika, mai Mexico a Colombia. Ua piʻi ka nui o ke kino i 33 knm. Me ka selenium, he ʻokoʻa ʻo Brevoort i waena o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe - ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻemi (mai ʻaelike) i nā kukuna elongated o nā ʻili ke ulu a makua.
- Selenium Peruvian (Selene peruviana) - hiki i ka iʻa ma kahi o 40 cm ka nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka pinepine o ka ulu ʻana a 29 cm. Ka mea noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika, mai ka hema o Kaleponi a hiki i Peru.
- Selenium ʻAkelanika Komohana (Selene setapinnis) - hāʻawi ʻia ma ke kai komohana o ʻAkelanika o ʻAmelika, mai Kanada a i ʻAtenitina. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau - ulu ia a 60 cm, ke kaumaha nei a 4.6 kg. Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia iʻa he metala, he ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Dorsal fins me nā wili pouli, e like me ka palaki kila, e hōʻoia ana i ka inoa o nā ʻano. setapinnis (palaki fin). He melemele ko ka huelo. ʻO ka manawa pinepine makemake lākou i nā wai subtropical, ʻo kā lākou hohonu punahele a hiki i 55 m. ʻOiai makemake nā ʻōpio i nā ʻala lepo a paʻakai.
- Selena vomer — selenium maʻamau, ʻano inoa. Kēia Loaʻa ka vomer i ke kai komohana o ka ʻAkelanika, ma kahakai o Kanada a me Uruguay. Ua piʻi i ke kaupaona o 2.1 kg me ka nui o 47-48 cm. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka he 35 knm i ka nui. Hoʻohui ikaika ʻia nā kukuna mua o nā ʻāpana dorsal a me nā pelvic, akā ʻaʻole i ka fili, akā hoʻopili ʻia e kahi membrane fin. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kāna mau iwi lae i ka inoa i ka laha, vomer - "convex frontal iwi". Waihoʻoluʻu guanine, i loko o ka ʻili o ka iʻa a hāʻawi iā ia i ke kala kālā, hōʻike i ke kukui i ke ʻano i ke kuʻi ʻana o nā kukuna i ka ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā ia nā aka a pau i hiki ke uhi ʻia. ʻO kāna hohonu kai punahele a hiki i 60 m.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei i ka wehewehe o ka laha, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻuluʻulu i kēlā Noho ʻo vomer ma nā kai hikina Pākīpika wale nō a holopapa (Continental shelf) Moana ʻAkelanika. ʻIʻike nui ʻia ia ma kahakai o ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Ma waho o kona hiʻohiʻona, pili ka selenium i ka mahina e kahi nohona pō. Hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hōʻike i ka hana ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. I ka lā, peʻe ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i nā koʻa a i ʻole nā hale malumalu ma lalo. Noho lākou i nā hipa. I ka kolamu wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano nui o kēia poʻe kai, noho mau lākou kokoke i lalo. Maikaʻi a paʻa hoʻi, neʻe ka iʻa i ke kula e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Hiki i nā Voomers ke hoʻowalewale iā lākou iho. I kekahi kukui, lawe lākou i kahi helehelena aneane aniani, e lilo i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wai. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻili ʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa. Ua hana ka ʻepekema ʻo Texas i ka noiʻi ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kāmela i ka wai ma kahi tripod kūikawā.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia inā aia kahi iʻa ma ke kihi o 45 kekelē i kahi mea ʻaihue, a laila nalowale ia nona, lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia. Mālama nā ʻōpio i ka wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi ma kahakai. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā waha o ka muliwai, e lilo ana i mea makemake ʻia na ka lawaiʻa. ʻOi aku ka iʻa mākua ʻoi aku ka ʻike i ka hapalua kilomita mai ke kahakai. Aloha lākou i ka papa lepo me ka nui o ke one, ʻoluʻolu kēlā ʻano no ko lākou ola.
Meaʻai kūpono
Iʻa Vomer nocturnal a me predatory. Hoʻomoʻa nui ia i nā meaʻai protein, i loaʻa nui ma waena o nā limu a me nā ʻōpala mea kanu. ʻO ia ke kumu i makemake ai ʻo seleniums i ka silt lalo. ʻIke nā iʻa ʻōpio a me nā mākua i ka meaʻai i kēia mau sediment. Ke hoʻomaka nei e nānā no ka meaʻai, hoʻonāukiuki i nā selenium i ke one o lalo i palupalu.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui na lākou kaonaonaona - kahi mea i hana ʻia i nā limu liʻiliʻi e neʻe ʻole i ka wai. ʻO kēia ka lawaiʻa maʻalahi loa no ka iʻa. I ko lākou ulu ʻana a nui, lilo ka meaʻai i mea nui - shrimp a me nā pāpaʻi, nona ka ʻiʻo e makemake ʻia ai e ʻai, no ka mea he momona a momona hoʻi.
ʻAi ʻia ka iwi ʻāpala liʻiliʻi a me nā ilo. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka vomer ke haki i kekahi pūpū i loko o ka lepo me nā niho ikaika, kahi e hūnā ai nā kuhū. ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i hānau ʻia a ʻike ʻole i ka hoʻokele a me ka hūnā ʻo ia nō nā meaʻai punahele a ka mackerel lio. Hele pinepine ka iʻa i ka hopu holoholona i nā hipa, me nā ʻohana. Kuhi ʻia ka papaʻai e nā kūlana ola.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hana ʻia ka mea hānai ma ke ʻano like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe - insemination e kahi kāne o nā hua wahine a ka wahine. Hana pinepine ka ʻōpū i ke kauwela. ʻO ka mackerel lio, a ʻo ka selenium kikoʻī, momona nui. Hiki i nā kānaka nui loa ke hana i hoʻokahi miliona a ʻoi paha nā hua.
Kūleʻa pololei ka iʻa i kā lākou ʻōiwi, a lana kēlā a hiki i ka hatching i ke kolamu wai. ʻAʻohe mea e pale iā lākou. ʻO ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ke kāne me ka kū ʻole. ʻO ka hemahema o ka manaʻo makuahine e kuhikuhi ʻia e ka nohona ʻino.
I kēlā mau kūlana, ola ka mea pono loa. Ma hope o ka hatching, ʻai nā larva liʻiliʻi ma plankton. ʻO kā lākou pilikia nui ka hūnā ʻana mai kahi nui o nā predators. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana maikaʻi ai nā haku camouflage liʻiliʻi.
I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia hiki i ka iʻa vomer ke ola a hiki i ka makahiki ʻehiku. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka nui o ke ola i nā kūlana. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō, ua ʻimi ʻia e nā mea ʻino nui, e like me nā mea koʻikoʻi loa - manō, kohola, kohola kohola. ʻO nā mea ʻoi loa ka nimble e loaʻa ka ʻai momona, no ka mea, ʻo seleniums, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, hūnā koke.
A ʻo ka mea ʻoi aku ka weliweli i nā iʻa mai nā kānaka. ʻO ka hei nui ʻana, a me ka haumia o ka wai i pale i ka luaʻi mai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka momona, alakaʻi lākou āpau i kahi hōʻemi nui o nā helu.
Ma kahi o 80% o ka palai e ola ʻole ai. I nā hana i hana ʻia me ka hana ʻole ʻia, kiaʻi pono ʻia e nā kānaka, ola ka iʻa i ka hala ʻana o 10 mau makahiki. Ma ke ala, hiki i kahi Mola mola maoli (ola i ka mahina) ke ola a 100 mau makahiki.
Hopu
Hopu vomer lawe nui ʻia i loko o nā wai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika. Akā ma laila nō, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e kapu i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa kaulana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu ma mua o 20-30 mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo kēia mau nani nā pahuhopu o ka lawaiʻa haʻuki. He kūpono ia e hoʻomanaʻo ma aneʻi e mālama kēlā ʻano mackerel lio i ka wahi o lalo a ke hana nei i ka pō.
Hana ʻia nā hana haʻuki āpau me nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa i ke ahiahi. I ke awakea a i ke kakahiaka, lawaiʻa lākou ma ka lalo me nā ʻupena a i ʻole nā lei. ʻO ka lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka selenium o Peruvian, kahi e pili kokoke ana i nā kapakai ʻo Ecuadorian.
Ua lilo iʻa ka iʻa i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ma ʻEulopa Hikina, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka noi no ia. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻomaka ka emi nui ʻana o ka helu. Hoʻonohonoho nā luna i nā ʻāina he nui i nā kaohi lawaiʻa.
Selenium mai ka Moana Pākīpika ʻono i ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi, mānoanoa a palupalu hoʻi. Hāpai maikaʻi ʻia lākou i nā mahiʻai a me nā kahu hānai kūikawā. No kēia mea pono: ka mālama ʻana me ke kaohi o ka mahana a me ke alo o kahi lepo lepo. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka mahi ʻimi hoʻopunipuni nui vomer hiki i 15-20 cm wale nō.
Kumukūʻai
ʻOiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo pehea e hiki ai ke ʻimi i kahi ʻano hoihoi. Eia hou, pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻole nā ʻelele āpau o kēia mau iʻa ke ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā amateur he nui, a kauoha nui ʻia nā luaʻi i nā hale ʻaina. Hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo i kaʻiʻo Moonfish, palai, puhi ʻia, hoihoi ia i nā ʻano āpau.
Nani hoʻi kona waiwai kūpono. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ke ʻano he papaʻaiʻai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 3% momona. Akā loaʻa i loko o ia ka nui o ka pono phosphorus, kalipuna a me nā polokina. A ʻono ia. ʻO ka poʻe noho ma ʻApelika Hema, ʻAmelika a me ka Hikina Hikina makemake nui i nā pā mai selenium.
A ma nā ʻāina o ka CIS mua, kūʻai ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka vomer me ka leʻaleʻa no ka pia. Ua ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā papa. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ʻole a me ka rarity pili i ka waiwai o ke ola kai. Ma ka awelika, ʻo 1 kg o nā iʻa i paʻa i ke kumukūʻai he 350 rubles, a 1 kg iʻa i puhi ʻia e hiki ke kūʻai ʻia no 450 rubles (a ʻo Kekemapa 2019).
