ʻO kahi manu kamaʻilio ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo nani me ka "collar" ʻeleʻele poni. ʻO kēia kahi e wehewehe ai i ka ʻelele kani India i ka huaʻōlelo wale nō. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka kāʻei lei o Kramer.
I ka makahiki 1769, ua hāʻawi ka ʻepekema ʻItalia-Austrian a me naturalist Giovanni Skololi i kahi wehewehe o kēia manu a ua koho ʻo ia i inoa kikoʻī nona e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka ʻepekema Kelemania a me ka mea hulihonua ʻo Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer, ka mea i make i ka maʻi ahulau ma mua koke o kēlā.
ʻO kahi leo nui, ka ʻole o ka makaʻu, ke noho kokoke nei i nā kānaka e ʻae iā mākou e kāhea i kēia hulu i hoʻokahi o nā ʻano manuahi o nā ʻoka i ʻike nui ʻia, a me kāna hoʻolaha ākea a me ka nui i nā wahi noho e hana pinepine i nā pilikia no nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe a me ka poʻe.
Hoʻohui, he hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa ia no ka pena ʻana. No ka manawa lōʻihi, kamaʻāina kēia ʻoka i ka poʻe, koho pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona. No ke aha he mea hoihoi a maikaʻi ia, e haʻi aku mākou iā ʻoe i ke kaʻina.
I nā kākā kāne, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lei ma mua o nā wahine
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Manu ʻāʻī lei nā waihoʻoluʻu nani a me nā hana hoʻomākeʻaka loa. ʻO ke kala nui o ka hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma kekahi mau wahi e huli i melemele. Kuhi ʻia kahi huelo lōʻihi i lalo, a ma ka piko he aniani polū lani kona. I kekahi manawa "hulu" nā hulu ma ke kua o ke poʻo o ka manu me ke kala like.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā manamana lima lōʻihi a kūlou i nā hui pālua - ke nānā nei ka mua a me ka hā i mua, ka lua a me ke kolu e nānā nei i hope. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona e kuʻi nei, he nūnewa meli a ikaika o ke kalaʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kaʻe a puni nā maka pōʻai e pena ʻia i ka malu like. Ma ke ala, nā maka o ka hulu e nānā pono a kūpono hoʻi, ʻokoʻa, he maka maikaʻi kāna.
ʻO nā kāne wale nō ka lei kaulana, ʻo nā kaikamahine wale nō nā echo o nā mea hoʻonani ma ko lākou ʻāʻī - kahi ʻeleʻele o nā hulu i ke ʻano o ke kola. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā wahine i ke ʻano ʻōuli o ka waihoʻoluʻu, a ʻoi aku ka polū smoky ma ka hope. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nui e nā ana o nā nūnū, 35-42 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo 25 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. Kaona - 120-150 g.
Nui a kiʻekiʻe ke kani o ka leo, hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻūlū ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau me kekahi kani ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi "ke" ʻoi loa a hou hoʻi i mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka manaʻo o ka wahine, me ka leo nui a me ke kani ʻana o "kri-kri" i ka lele ʻana, a kokoke iā lākou i nā decibels "kii-ak" i nā manawa hoʻomaha. Hana ʻo ia i nā leo a kokoke i nā manawa a me nā wahi āpau. ʻO ka leo nui o kēia ʻoka ʻo ia i kekahi manawa hoʻonāwaliwali i ka poʻe mai ke kūʻai ʻana iā ia no kahi hale paʻa home.
Eia nō naʻe, makemake nui ʻia ia ma muli o kona leʻaleʻa a me ke ʻano ola, me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana o ka manu me nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka hale manu. Eia hou, hoʻopaʻanaʻau ʻo ia a hoʻopuka hou i kahi nui o nā kani.
Ma hope o ka kamaʻilio lōʻihi me kahi kanaka lei leʻalelo e kamaʻilio anaʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi e like me kekahi o nā mea hoʻohālikelike ʻē aʻe, akā lawa nō i ka ʻakaʻaka. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻanaʻau i 250 mau huaʻōlelo. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine.
Pono e mālama ʻia kekahi pipi, a ʻaʻohe ʻē aʻe ka ʻoka. Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻākōlio lei hiki ke haʻi i nā huaʻōlelo pōkole me ke ʻano kūpono. Eia kekahi laʻana, "kāhea lākou, hele wau, hele wau", "kakahiaka maikaʻi", "makemake wau e ʻai", "pehea ʻoe?", "Aloha wau iā ʻoe".
Nā ʻano
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kākā kani, a laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana he 4 wale nō, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wahi noho. Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻApelika - Kahi noho: Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania hema, Uganda, hema o Sudan, ma ke awāwa ʻo Nile i ʻAigupita, ke kapakai ʻākau o ʻApelika, ka Peninsula ʻo Sinai. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua hoʻomaka ia e hoʻonui nui i ka ʻIseraʻela, kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai hoʻouka hoʻouka ʻano laha (pālahalaha ʻia e nā hana a ke kanaka a hoʻoweliweli i nā mea olaola).
Abyssinian - maʻamau ma Somalia a me ʻAitiopa ʻākau.
ʻNia - noho ma ka hema o India, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻohana hipa ʻokoʻa o kēia mau ʻāpana a puni ka honua. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ʻApelika.
ʻO Boreal (a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā mea āpau) - Bangladesh, Pakistan, ʻĀkau ʻo India, Nepal a me Burma.
ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia pehea ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā manu a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ke kūloko o nā ʻāina like ʻole, kahi i kū ʻole ai kēia ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau aʻa ʻĀkia nā auhau āpau i kekahi ala a i ʻole.
I kēia manawa hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kala ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāʻī lei. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ke koho wae ʻana, ua hiki ke hānai ma mua o 200 mau ʻano o nā ʻano waihoʻoluʻu o nā manu i luna. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka melemele, keʻokeʻo, uliuli, hina, gula, turquoise a me nā manu like ʻole. ʻAʻohe o kekahi o lākou i ka lei.
Kaʻu lei ma ka kiʻi nani loa ke nānā aku i loko wale nō o ia ʻano hoʻolaha lehulehu. Noho kokoke, ʻo kēia mau manu ʻōlinolino, e like me ke ānuenue punawai, hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu a hiki i ka skeptic puʻupuʻu loa.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO kona mau wahi ponoʻī ʻo Asia Hema a me ʻApelika waena. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka maʻa ʻana o kēia mau manu i ke ʻano o ka nohona hou. I kēia manawa ʻo ka ʻāʻī kani ke kani o kekahi o nā ʻano manu maʻamau o nā manu ʻoka, i huki ʻia i nā aʻa ma mua o 35 mau ʻāina.
Hoʻokupu ka ʻāʻī lei i nā kumulāʻau
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻano noho ʻoluʻolu loa no lākou i nā ululāʻau tropical a me nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka moku ʻo Himalayas, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma luna kiʻekiʻe o ke kai, a i 1.6 km. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa e hele wāwae i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole e noho ana ma nā lālā. Hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā pūnana ma laila, hānai i nā keiki, loaʻa ka meaʻai a me kahi hoʻokipa no ka pō, kokoke ʻaʻole e lele i ka honua.
Ma kahi pālahalaha, hele wāwae lākou me ka mālie a me ka mālie. Hoʻopilikia ʻia lākou e kahi huelo lōʻihi a me ka hoʻonohonoho manamana lima. E ʻike pono kahi mea huakaʻi i nā ʻāʻī lei kokoke. Hoʻoiho koke lākou i ka nānā me nā uē kūpikipiki e uhi maʻalahi i nā leo ʻē aʻe o ka nahele.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei e noho mau nei kēia mau ʻoka i nā pūʻulu hipa he nui loa, hiki ke kani nui kēia din. Aia a piʻi ka lā, mālie nō nā manu, akā me nā kukuna o ke kakahiaka mua e wikiwiki lākou i ka ʻaina kakahiaka me ka uē ʻana, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka wikiwiki o ko lākou lele ʻana ma luna o ka nahele.
Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou lā. Hoʻokaʻawale lākou i ka ʻāpana mua a hiki i ke awakea no ka hānai ʻana, a laila lele i ka wahi wai, a laila hoʻomaha lākou. Noho kiʻekiʻe nā ʻoka i kahi kumulāʻau e lilo hoʻokahi ai ʻalā - kekahi mau hola wela. He paʻakikī loa e ʻike iā lākou ma laila, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻohui pono me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi i ka lei aliʻi.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana, hana hou nā manu i ka papaʻai kakahiaka - lele mua lākou no ka meaʻai, a laila hele i ka lua wai. I ke ahiahi hoʻi lākou i kā lākou kumulāʻau a, a ma hope o ka hakakā ma kahi kūpono loa, hoʻomaha a hiamoe. Ke ʻākoakoa nei nā manu ʻo Cramer, a hiki i kā lākou helu i hoʻokahi hipa a hiki i kahi mau kaukani.
Hoʻonohonoho pinepine lākou i ko lākou pūnana kokoke i nā mahiʻai a i ʻole nā kauhale, a ma loko hoʻi o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole makemake nā mahiʻai kūloko i kēia mau manu ma muli o ko lākou ʻano predatory, manu kolohe a paʻakikī hoʻi e hōʻino i nā māla a me nā māla palaoa e pili ana. ʻIke ʻia nā momi momi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. Lawe ʻia lākou e nā poʻe, a hoʻonui pinepine nā manu a pāhola i nā wahi like ʻole.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO kā lākou papa kuhikuhi ka nui o nā hua a me nā hua momona, akā hiki paha iā lākou ke ʻai i ka meaʻai holoholona e hoʻopiha i ka protein. Ma ka liʻiliʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka anthill. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi mea ma laila a lūlū iā lākou me kā lākou mau wāwae. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, hana nui lākou i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
ʻO nā hua, nā hua, nā huaʻai ka meaʻai kuʻuna o kēia mau manu. ʻO ka lā, guayava a me ka fiku kahi papa inoa punahele na lākou. I kekahi manawa i waena o nā kumulāʻau huaʻai ʻike lākou i nā mōneka, akā paʻakikī e kapa iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū. Wehe nā ʻaka i nā hua e kau ana ma nā wīwī lahilahi o nā lālā, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka moʻo ke hele i waho.
Makemake kēia mau manu e ʻahaʻaina i ka nectar o nā pua. Haehae lākou a hoʻolei i nā petals e komo i ka puʻuwai momona. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i ka meaʻai, pili paʻa lākou i ka lālā me nā manamana lima kuʻi. I ka wā maloʻo a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, hōʻike ka manu i ka hoʻokele waiwai kūpono i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka mea mua, kauō lākou i ka hua kokoke i ka nuku me ka pā, ʻai i ka pulp momona loa, a laila lawe pono i nā ʻanoʻano puʻuwai. Inā he nui nā meaʻai, ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻano. Hāʻalo lākou i ka hua me ka mālama ʻole, e lawe ana i nā mea makemake loa a pau, i ko lākou manaʻo, a hoʻolei ʻia ka hua i ka honua.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hānai lākou i nā hui huapalaoa, nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻiʻo i hoʻolapalapa ʻia e hoʻopiha hou i kā lākou protein. I kekahi manawa hana lākou e like me nā pōā maoli. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, wehe lākou i mau ʻeke palaoa a i ʻole laiki ma nā kaʻaahi kaʻaahi ākea. Wahi maʻalahi kahi nuku ʻoi i ka pūpū o nā pūʻolo, no laila nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā nati, nā hua a me nā hua i nā pahu, ʻeha.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka makahiki ʻelua, hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano moekolohe. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi i kahi hoa ma mua o ka manawa, e ʻimi nei i kahi hoa no lākou ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hānau. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia mau ʻoka i ko lākou ola a pau, he ʻohana ikaika a ʻoluʻolu ko lākou. Ma ka ʻĀpana ʻApelika, noho ka wā pūnana mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa, ma ka hema ʻo ʻAsia mai Ianuali a Malaki.
I ka wā o ka moena, hoʻokaʻawale ka wahine i ka ʻohana a noho pū
Noho kaʻawale nā kāne i hana ʻia i ka manawa o ka pūnana mai ka ʻohana. ʻAneʻane lākou i nā manawa āpau kokoke i ko lākou home, hoʻonohonoho lākou i kekahi ma kahi o kahi kumulāʻau, a i ʻole i nā hoʻomaha a me nā kaumaha like ʻole, a i loko o nā hale. Hoʻomaka ke kāne e hele haʻahaʻa i mua o kāna hoaaloha ma nā lālā, coo a hoʻāʻo e hōʻike i ka mea i wae ʻia i kona nani.
Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, lawe ka wahine i kahi neʻe ʻole a kau i lalo i kona mau ʻeheu. Hōʻike kēia i ka mākaukau e hoa. Hoʻomoe lākou i 3-4 mau hua keʻokeʻo, akā ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hiki i nā moa ʻelua wale ke kiko. Hoʻokomo ʻia no 22-24 mau lā. Hānai pū lākou i nā keiki, ka makuakāne a me ka makuahine, ma kahi o 40-50 mau lā. Noho kūʻokoʻa ʻo Chicks i ʻeono mau mahina wale nō, ke ulu ka hulu o nā manu makua i loko o lākou.
He paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo pololei i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou noho ʻana i ke kūlohelohe, akā e like me ka noiʻi - ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki. I loko o kahi pā, hiki iā lākou ke ola a 25 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hoʻopuka maikaʻi ia, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻoka ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hihia āpau wale nō o nā hatching moa i ʻike ʻia i nā hale manu, ʻaʻole i loko o kahi pā.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāʻī lei ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa. Mālama maʻamau, e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pono kahi hīnaʻi maʻemaʻe i kahi kikoʻī, pono e hoʻololi pinepine i ka wai i ka mea inu, he mea nui e nānā ʻo ia i kāna papaʻai maʻamau. E hoʻomala i ka manu i kekahi manawa, e lele a puni ka hale.
E kau wale i ka upena makika ma nā puka aniani i ʻole e waiho kaʻu holoholona iā ʻoe ma ka puka aniani. Pono e hoʻolako i ka pā i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā perches, pono nā hao i nā mea hao wale nō. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai maʻalahi. A hāʻawi iā ia i nā mea pāʻani no ka leʻaleʻa - bele, aniani, a i ʻole nāʻiole.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo kona mau ʻenemi he manu lele, e like me ka pueo, nā ʻaka, nā jays, a me nā moʻo weliweli no ka paʻa ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau holoholona pakalaki hiki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, e like me nā squirrels, ferrets a me nā weaels, weliweli pū kekahi iā lākou.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻaʻole ia he manu makua e hoʻouka kaua ʻia, hiki ke lele i mua a hakakā paha, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūnana me nā hua manu a i ʻole nā moa. Eia kekahi, he ʻenemi ke kanaka nāna i hopu i kēia mau manu no ke kūʻai aku. Akā i ka laulā, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka lehulehu i ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi āpau.
I nā wahi kahi e nui ai ka hōʻino i nā mea kanu, mālama ka poʻe i ka hoʻonui i ka helu. Kipaku ʻia lākou me nā leo nui, nā kī ʻana, a me nā hua i hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai nā pūnana mai. ʻOiai nā manu e hakakā me lākou, hiki i kekahi ke kapa i nā tits, nūnū, starling, nuthatches. ʻO ke kumu, nā hakakā āpau me lākou ma muli o kahi o ka pūnana.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- ʻOi aku nā wahine o nā ʻāʻī leiʻoi aku ke ake koko a me ke kaua e like me nā kāne. Inā komo lākou i kahi hakakā me kekahi, e pau paha i ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā mea komo.
- ʻOiai ke ʻano o kēia mau manu he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o nā tropic, kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole hiki ke ʻae iā lākou e acclimatize i nā latitude wela. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka heluna Pelekane, kahi helu hoʻokahi tausani manu.
- Pili loa lākou i kahi a lākou i hānau ʻia ai. ʻIke ʻia lele maikaʻi kēia mau manu, hōʻike i ke ahonui i ka lele ʻana, akā mālama mau lākou i ko lākou mau home.
- I ka Middle Ages, ua manaʻo ka poʻe hanohano India he hanohano ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manu ma ka home. He hōʻike ia o ka waiwai a me ka waiwai. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kenekulia 16-17, i kāhea ʻia Mughal.
