Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kolikū ʻo Kulik pili i ka ʻohana o plovers, genus plovers a noho ma kahakai o nā kahawai hohonu a me nā wai liʻiliʻi, nā loko nui a liʻiliʻi a me nā wai o ka wai. Manaʻo ʻia he manu liʻiliʻi neʻe.
Kolepa - manu akahai i ka nui. ʻAʻole hiki i kona lōʻihi ma mua o 20 knm, a ke hoʻololi nei kona kaumaha ma kahi o 80 g. ʻOiai nā palena nui ʻole, he hale paʻa loa ka pili. ʻIkepili koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻēheu, hiki i nā mea hōʻailona ke 50-60 cm.
Hinahina ke kala o nā mākua makua, me ka leo eleele o ka honua, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī, a ʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī me kahi kaula. Aia kekahi hulu ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo - kokoke i ka nuku a me nā maka. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ka nuku o ko Sandpiper: i ka hoʻoilo e mae a lilo i hina hina, i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele, a i ke kauwela, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, noho ka ʻeleʻele wale nō ke kihi, a lilo ka hapanui i hue melemele mānoanoa. Melemele nā wāwae hoʻi, i kekahi manawa me nā pepa ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha.
I ka wā o ka pūnana ʻana, he keʻokeʻo ko ke kāne kāne i ka ʻaoʻao mua, me he mea lā e haki i kahi ʻeleʻele manoanoa ma ke poʻo a hoʻolilo iā ia i mask. ʻAʻole kū kau ka wahine wahine me kāna plumage ma hope o ke kāne a ʻano like loa me ia, koe wale no ke kala o nā pepeiao.
ʻAʻole like me ke kāne, he hulu ʻeleʻele i kēia kihi, he kala brownish ko ka wahine. Kūlike ke kala o nā ʻōpio me nā mākua, akā ʻaʻole ʻōlinolino. ʻEleʻele ko lākou mau kikoʻeleʻele ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā neʻe ʻana o ke nakinaki, e like me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe mai ka genus o nā plovers, wikiwiki, wikiwiki, a i kekahi manawa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Ke lele haʻahaʻa loa ka manu ma luna o ka honua ma kahi ala hele hewa, e hana ana i ka lele ikaika, me he mea lā e hele ana mai kahi ʻēheu a kahi ʻēheu. Nui loa ka lepe a fussy. Hoʻohālike kāna mele me kahi ʻoi, a laila kahi wīwī palupalu.
Nā ʻano
ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā plovers e pili ana i ke ʻano, ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me kahi. No laila, noho ʻo subspecies Grayet Gray ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, ʻo Hiaticula Linnaeus noho paʻa ma ka'ākau o Asia, ʻEulopa a me Greenland, ʻike ʻia ka plover Semipalmatus Bonaparte ma ʻAmelika.
ʻIke, like nā ʻaoʻao o kēia manu. Ma kahi kaʻawale, pono ke kahakaha ʻana i ka nakinaki pūnaewele a i ʻole, e like me ke kāhea ʻia i waena o nā kiaʻi manu, ʻo Charadrius Hiaticula. He mau membrane ko kēia manu hulu, ʻoiai nā ʻāʻī ʻē aʻe i hoʻokaʻawale i nā manamana wāwae. ʻAʻole kumu ʻole ka pūnaewele pūnaewele o kahi manu, akā ʻōlelo lākou no ka pilina kūikawā ma waena o ka manu a me ka wai. ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o kona mau hoahānau, ʻo ka pili membrane ʻaʻole ia he ʻauʻau maikaʻi wale nō, akā loaʻa pū kāna meaʻai i ka wai.
Aia kekahi ʻano kai o ka plover, a i ʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Charadrius Alexandrinus. Hūnā ka inoa iā ia iho i kāna hiʻohiʻona nui - ke ola ma nā kahakai ākea. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, he ʻulaʻula-hina hina ke kāʻei kai, ʻeleʻele ka nuku a me nā wāwae.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keiki ma mua o ka manu liʻiliʻi a me kahi laina melemele kokoke i nā maka - Charadrius placidus a i ʻole ka Ussuri species - koho i nā ʻiliʻili pebble no kona wahi noho.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā plovers liʻiliʻi (Charadrius Dubius) ma nā kahakai one. ʻO kēia ka lunamakaainana maʻamau o ka nākiʻi.
ʻO ka plover walaʻau (Charadrius vociferus), kahi lunamakaʻāinana nui o kona ʻano. Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 26 cm ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka plumage o ka plover wawae melemele i kapa ʻia ʻo Charadrius melodus he gula ke kala. Nā wāwae i ke kani - melemele. ʻO kēia kala kūlohelohe e aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia ke nakinaki. Loaʻa ka plover wawae melemele ma nā kahakai kahakai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ma USA a me Kanada. Koho ka manu neʻe i ke kahawai ʻo Mexico a me ka ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻOkoʻa ka plover ʻekolu mau kahakaha (Charadrius tricollaris) i kona mau ʻaoʻao i mua o hoʻokahi, akā ʻelua mau ʻeleʻele i ka umauma, a me ka ʻulaʻula o nā maka a me ke kumu o ka nuku lahilahi.
Kaulana ka plover ʻulaʻula (Charadrius ruficapillus) i nā hulu ʻulaʻula ma kona poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO Habitat - nā ʻāina wai ma Australia a me New Zealand.
ʻO ka Mongolian plover (Charadrius mongolus) he plumage ʻeleʻele ma ke kua a me ke kukui, a keʻokeʻo hoʻi ma ka ʻōpū. Noho ʻo Mongol ma ka hikina o Lūkia. Makemake ʻo ia i ka pūnana ma Chukotka a me Kamchatka, a koho nō hoʻi i ka pae moku ʻo Commander Islands.
ʻO ka Caspian Plover (Charadrius asiaticus) me kahi umauma ʻalani ke ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi pālolo, nā wao one o Central Asia, ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o ke kai Caspian.
ʻO Charadrius leschenaultii kahi plover nui-i hoʻoili ʻia, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me kahi plover mānoanoa, a he kanaka nui loa hoʻi e kaupaona ana a hiki i ka 100 g. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ma Tureke, Suria a me Ioredane, a ma nā wao akua ākea a me nā wahi ʻiliʻili o Armenia, Azerbaijan a me Kazakhstan.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻAʻole maopopo ka nohona o ka plover. Kūleʻa lākou a puni ka honua. Loaʻa ma waena o Rūsia a ma ka hema o ka ʻāina. Mālama ʻia ka pili ma ka hikina o Rūsia a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka pili he manu ʻae kai. Makemake ʻo ia e noho ma kahakai o nā wai wai piha a paʻakai, a aia kekahi mau wahi ma Rūkia.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻenemi pili pili ma nā kahakai o nā Moana Baletika a me nā ʻĀkau ʻĀkau, ma nā kīʻaha Ob, Taz, a me Yenisei. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa nā manu ma ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, no ka laʻana, ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, ma ke kahakai o Sepania, ʻItalia, a ma Sardinia, Sisilia a me nā Pae Balearic.
Ua hele ka pili i ʻAmelika Hema. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, lele nā lei i ʻApelika hema o ka Sahara, i ka Hikina Waena - ka Arabian Peninsula a me ʻAsia, Kina, kahi e noho ai a hiki i ka puna.
Meaʻai kūpono
Pili pono ka meaʻai a ka manu i ke kau a me ka nohona. ʻO nā kahakai o nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā kai, inā he one a pebbly paha, piha i nā mea kūʻai maoli no nā mea mālama wai: nā ʻano mea kolo, nā arthropod, nā crustacea, nā mollusc liʻiliʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kau, ʻo kekahi mea ʻai a i ʻole kekahi mea i ʻoi aku ka nui i ka papaʻai. I ka manawa like, alualu wale nā hoa pili ma kahakai, ma ka lihi o ka wai, ʻaʻole iki lākou e komo i ka wai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Kaulana nā pilina no ka monogamous. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā pālua no ka wā o ka pūnana, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale me kā lākou mau hoa i ka wā hoʻoilo, akā naʻe, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai a hoʻi i nā ʻāina kamaʻāina, hui hou lākou. Hoʻomaka ka pāʻani pāʻani me nakinaki i ka puna ma nā wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo kēia au.
Hoʻi mai nā wahine i mau pule ma mua. ʻO ka wā o kēia manawa mau a hiki i ka hapalua mahina. I kēia manawa, mālama nā manu i mau pālua. E like me ka maʻamau me nā manu ʻē aʻe, no nā kāne nā hana. Lawe lākou i kahi kūlana kū i luna a hana i kahi ʻano quacking kani.
Hōʻike kēia mau mea i nā wahine a puni e pili ana i ka mākaukau o ke kāne e male. ʻO nā wahine hoʻi, pane i ke ala hele e ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i ke kāne, e huki ana i ko lākou ʻāʻī. Hana hou ʻia kēia hulahula i mau manawa. Ma hope o ka pālua ʻana, hoʻomaka ka ʻeli ʻana i nā pūnana wahaheʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūnana kokoke i ka pūnaewele hānai.
Noho nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa ma kapa o ka wai, a kūkulu i hale kokoke, akā i nā wahi maloʻo, ma nā puʻu. ʻAʻole ka wili i ka hale ka hana a ka wahine, akā na ke kāne ke kuleana pololei. Pūnana nakinaki he lua uuku. Hiki ke hana kūlohelohe i ka fossa, a i ʻole ma ka hana lima paha, e laʻa me ke ala o kahi holoholona nui.
Ma ke ʻano he mea i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, hoʻohana nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā pū liʻiliʻi, nā pūpū, nā ʻiliʻili. Hoʻopili nā manu i nā palena o ka pūnana me lākou, akā ʻaʻole lākou e uhi i ka lalo me kekahi mea. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ʻelima mau hua liʻiliʻi, ʻekolu paha cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kala o ka pūpū, mai ka beige a i ke oho hina me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka hua me ke kumu o ke one a me nā pōhaku.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā me kēia hua manu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā. No laila, hoʻokahi pule paha ka paʻa ʻana. ʻO ka hatch egg i hoʻokahi mahina. ʻAʻole wale ka wahine e komo pū i loko, akā ʻo ke kāne hoʻi - ke kaulike maoli o nā kāne. Ke kali nei no nā keiki, hoʻololi nā hoa pili i kekahi i kekahi manawa i ke ao a me ka pō, a keu hoʻi i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole.
Inā kaua ʻia ka pūnana a i ʻole ola nā keiki o ka nakinaki no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe, hoʻāʻo hou ka wahine. I loko o ke kau, hiki i ka helu o nā paʻa lima a i ʻelima mau manawa!
Minamina, ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka pākēneka o nā moa paʻakikī. ʻO ka hapalua o kēlā mau kikoo hiki ke ulu ikaika a ola, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - e hāʻawi i nā keiki hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Akā ʻo kēia mau manu e noho ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki - ʻo kēia ka awelika o ke ola o ka nakinaki.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
He kāne maoli a ʻohana nā mea hana paʻa. Mālama mau lākou a mākaukau e pale i nā keiki a hiki i ka hopena. Ke hoʻokokoke aku ka pilikia, lawe nā ʻāʻī i ka pā a hoʻohuli i ka maka o ka mea ʻaka mai ka pūnana Hoʻohana ka hulu i kahi hana maʻalea - hoʻohālikelike ia i kahi kanaka ʻeha a nāwaliwali paha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e maʻalahi ai nā mea ʻenemi.
Hele mai kā lākou pāʻani i kahi huelo ākea, hohola i nā ʻēheu a me nā flinch hopohopo. Lawe kēlā ʻano akamai maʻalea i ka helehelena o ka mea ʻaihue mai ka lāʻī. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke kaula i ka hakakā ʻana me nā lunamakaʻāinana nui o nā manu manu lele, e like me ka falcon a i ʻole ka skua.
Makua ke ʻano o ka manu, me ke oʻo ʻana o ka moekolohe ma ʻumikūmālua mau mahina. Hānau nā Tie-mates i nā keiki a ʻeono mau manawa i ko lākou ola. Ka mea like nakinaki i ke kiʻi ʻokoʻa paha ke ʻano. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻololi manawa o kona kala ma ke kua. He mea ʻauʻau maikaʻi nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa, akā makemake lākou e kiʻi i ka ʻai ma kahakai.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi pinepine lākou i nā wahi o ko lākou mau pūnana mua, a kūkulu i nā mea hou kokoke. Ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o kekahi o nā hoa, a ʻoiai ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole e kū ka hana a nā mea hana paʻa i ka nānā ʻana i nā hale i kūkulu ʻia me ia i hoʻokahi manawa, a kiaʻi hoʻi. ʻOiai ʻo ka lehulehu o ka heluna kanaka, ma ka Papa Stour, kahi pae ʻāina o nā moku ʻo Scottish, ua helu ʻia ka ʻāʻī ma ke ʻano he manu pale.
