Ua manaʻo ka Incas ʻo ka vicuña ke ola hou ʻana o kahi kaikamahine ʻōpio i loaʻa i ka ʻahuʻula o ke gula maʻemaʻe, kahi makana mai kahi mōʻī elemakule maikaʻi ʻole i aloha ʻia me ka nani. No laila, pāpā ʻia nā kānāwai o nā lāhui kahiko o ka ʻA Andes i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona mauna mauna, a ʻo nā aliʻi wale nō i ʻae ʻia e komo i nā huahana i hana ʻia i kā lākou huluhulu.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻano lua o nā kāmelo ʻAmelika Hema hihiu e noho ana i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o Andes, a ʻo kekahi guanaco. Vicuna - kahi pili o ka llama a manaʻo ʻia he kūpuna hihiu o ka alpaca, ka mea a lākou i hiki ai ke lilo i ka wā kahiko.
ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o Vicuña, lokomaikaʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi ma mua o guanaco. ʻO kahi mea ʻike nui o ka lāhui morphology ka ulu maikaʻi o nā incisors vicuna. Eia kekahi, ulu nā niho haʻahaʻa o ka nani Andes i loko o ke ola a hiki ke hoʻokala i kā lākou mahalo ponoʻī i ka pili mau ʻana me nā mauʻu mauʻu paʻakikī.
ʻO ke kala Vicuna ʻoluʻolu i ka maka. ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi o ka holoholona he brown brown a beige ma ke kua, e lilo i kala waiū ma ka ʻōpū. Ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī - kahi "keʻokeʻo-mua" keʻokeʻo, ka hoʻonaninani nui o kahi holoholona kīkoa. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke poʻo ma mua o ko ka guanaco, a ʻo nā pepeiao, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lawe lima. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 150 a 160 cm, poʻohiwi - 75-85 cm (a i kahi mika). ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi mākua he 35-65 kg.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kāhea ke kaena i nā puana i haʻi ʻia, no laila pau nā lālā o ka vicuña i ke ʻano o nā māiʻuʻu. ʻAe kēia mau kūkulu kūkulu i ka holoholona e lele i luna o nā pōhaku, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kahi "paʻa" paʻa ma ka ʻāina pōhaku.
ʻO ka mea nona ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā maka ākea ākea me nā lālani o nā eyelashes fluffy, vicuna i ke kiʻi nani ke nānā aku. Akā ʻaʻole ʻae ka nani hilahila i nā poʻe ke hoʻokokoke iā ia, no laila e kī lākou i kēia hana mana me nā kāmela me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mai kahi mamao palekana.
Nā ʻano
Vicuna - he mammal no ke kaʻina o artiodactyls, ka suborder o nā callus, ka ʻohana kamela. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā zoologists ʻo ka llama a me ka alpaca he mau keiki lākou na guanacos. Akā ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi akahele o DNA e hele mai ka alpaca mai vicuna.
ʻOiai he mau kūkākūkā e pili ana i kēia mea, no ka mea, ʻo nā lālani pili kokoke loa e hiki ke male i ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o kēia mau holoholona mauna, i māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, ʻo Vicugna Vicugna Vicugna a ʻo Vicugna Vicugna Mensalis.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Vicuña ma ke kikowaena o Andes ma ʻAmelika Hema, noho lākou ma Peru, ma ke komohana ʻĀkau ʻo Argentina, ma Bolivia, ma ka ʻākau o Chile. ʻIke ʻia kahi heluna liʻiliʻi i hoʻolauna ʻia ma waena o ʻEkuador.
Wahi a ka IUCN Red List, ka nui o nā vicunas mai 343,500 a 348,000 kanaka. Eia nā helu i hoʻopuni ʻia (ʻokoʻa lākou i kēlā me kēia kau a ke kau) no nā wahi kikoʻī.
- Argentina - ma kahi o 72,670;
- Bolivia - 62,870;
- Kile - 16,940;
- Ecuador - 2680,
- Peru - 188330.
Makemake nā kāmelo ʻAmelika Hema i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3200-4800 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. Hānai i ka lā ma nā pā kula o nā Andes, a noho i nā pō ma nā pali, ʻaʻole pilikia ka nele o ka oxygen iā lākou. Hiki i nā kukuna o ka lā ke komo i loko o ka lewa lewa o nā wahi mauna, e hāʻawi ana i kahi mahana mahana i ka lā.
Akā ma hope o ka pouli, hāʻule ka thermometer ma lalo o ka ʻole. Hoʻolālā ʻia kahi "ʻahu" mānoanoa mānoanoa i mea e hei ai ia i nā papa o ka ea mehana kokoke i ke kino, no laila ke hoʻomanawanui nei ka holoholona i nā mahana maikaʻi ʻole.
He holoholona ʻo Vicuña makaʻu a makaʻala hoʻi, he lohe maikaʻi kāna a holo wikiwiki, hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 45 km / h. Ua like ka nohona me ka hana guanaco. ʻOiai ʻoiai e hānai ana, mālama lākou i ka ʻike kupaianaha a nānā pinepine i ko lākou wahi.
Noho nā kānaka i nā hui ʻohana, ʻo ka maʻa mau o nā kāne makua, mai ka ʻelima a ka ʻumikūmālima mau wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. He ʻāina ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia pā me kahi o 18-20 sq. km Ke ʻike ka vicuña i ka makaʻu, hana ia i kahi kani ʻōkō.
Hoʻomaopopo ka alakaʻi koʻikoʻi i ka "ʻohana" i kahi hoʻoweliweli e hiki mai ana a me nā ala i mua no ka pale. ʻO kēia kāne ke alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻole ʻia o ka hui, hoʻoholo i ka laulā o ka pae ma muli o ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai, kaohi ʻana i nā lālā a hoʻokuke aku i nā mea kūwaho.
He wahi hānai ko kēia poʻe kamaʻāina o ka Andes a he wahi kaʻawale hoʻi no ka hiamoe ʻana, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe aʻe no ka palekana. Hui pū nā mākua ʻaʻole ma ke poʻo o ka pūʻā i kahi hui nui o 30-150 mau holoholona, a i ʻole noho hoʻokahi. ʻO nā "fawns" ʻaʻole i hōʻea i ka wā ʻōpio i ʻauana i loko o kahi "ʻohana" ʻokoʻa o nā bachelors, ka mea e kaohi i ka hoʻokūkū intraspecific.
Meaʻai kūpono
E like me nā guanacos, palu pinepine nā mea nona ka huluhulu gula i nā pōhaku limestone a me nā wahi pōhaku i piha i nā minelala, a mai hoʻowahāwahā i ka wai paʻakai. ʻAi ʻo Vicuña mauʻu mauʻu.
ʻAʻohe waiwai nā ʻāpana Alpine i nā lau nahele; ʻo nā pūʻulu mauʻu mau wale nō, ʻilihuna i nā mea momona, ulu ma aneʻi, me nā cereala. No laila he unpretentious ka poʻe Andes.
Hana nui lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā. Inā he kauwela wela maloʻo, a laila i ka lā ʻaʻole hānai nā vicuñas, akā e moe a nau i nā koʻokoʻo paʻakikī i huki ʻia i ka wanaʻao, e like me nā kāmelo.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hana ʻia ka māna ma ka puna, i Malaki-ʻApelila. ʻAno o ka wahine lehulehu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke kāne kāne nui i nā wahine mākua āpau i kāna pā. Noho ka hapai ma kahi o 330-350 mau lā, hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi manu. Hiki i ke pēpē ke ala aʻe ma waena o 15 mau minuke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka hānai hānai he 10 mau mahina.
Kūʻokoʻa nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka makahiki 12-18. Hui pū nā kāne i ke "kalapu" kēkelē, nā wahine - i nā kaiāulu wahine like, hiki lākou i ke ʻano o ka moekolohe ma 2 mau makahiki. Ke hānau nei kekahi mau wahine i ka makahiki 19.
Wā ola
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o artiodactyls i ke ʻano hihiu o nā kuahiwi nā mea ʻaihue o ka fox Andes a me ka ʻīlio hae kanaka. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā vicuñas ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki (a ʻo kekahi a 25 paha). ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻaiʻē iā lākou iho i ka lawelawe ʻana, akā i kekahi o nā zoo ua aʻo lākou i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā "highlanders" makaʻu ʻole.
Pono kēia i nā hale kaʻa ākea. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahu hānai ma waho ma ke Zoo ʻo Moscow ma kahi pali mauna. I ke kau waena o 2000, ua lawe ʻia ʻekolu mau wahine a me kahi kāne i aneʻi. Ua hānai maikaʻi lākou, no laila ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā holoholona i ʻelua kakini, ua neʻe kekahi mau pēpē i nā zoo ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka makaʻi nui loa i nā holoholona laha ʻole i nā manawa āpau i hōʻike ʻia e nā poʻe. Mai ka wā o ka lanakila ʻana o Sepania iā ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i ka 1964, ʻaʻole i kāohi ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO nā hewa āpau kā lākou hulu hipa waiwai. Ua alakaʻi kēia i nā hopena pōʻino: i nā makahiki kanaono, ua hāʻule ka heluna miliona ʻelua i 6,000 mau kānaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua laha ka make i kēia ʻano laha.
I ka 1964, ʻo Servicio Forestal, i ka hana pū ʻana me US Peace Corps, WWF a me La Molina National Agrarian University, i hana i kahi mālama kūlohelohe (National Park) no nā Punta Galeras vicunas ma ka Ayacucho wahi o Peru, i kēia manawa aia nā mālama i Ecuador a me Chile.
I ka hapa lua o ke kanaono, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi papahana hoʻomaʻamaʻa manawaleʻa no ka pale holoholona. Ua pāpā ka nui o nā ʻāina i ka lawe ʻia mai o nā flutter vicunas. Mahalo i kēia mau ana, ma Peru wale nō ka nui o nā vicuna i hoʻonui i nā manawa he nui.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Pampa Galeras, mālama ʻia kahi chaku (hānai ʻana, hopu a hoʻopaʻa ʻana) e ʻohiʻohi hipa a pale i ka ʻinoʻino ʻana. ʻO nā vicunas makua olakino a pau me ka lole o ʻekolu kenimika a ʻoi paha ke ʻako. He papahana kēia o ka National Council of South American Camels (CONACS).
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- ʻO Vicuña ka holoholona lāhui o Peru, kāna mau kiʻi e hoʻonani i ke kapa kila a me ka hae o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema;
- Kaulana ka huluhulu Vicuna no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka wela. Kālī nā unahi ma nā olonā hollow i ka lewa, pale i ke anuanu mai ke komo ʻana;
- Loaʻa nā anawa hulu hipa i ke anawaena o 12 microns wale nō, ʻoiai i loko o nā kao cashmere e loli kēia mea hōʻike i ka laulā o 14-19 microns;
- Hāʻawi kahi makua i kahi o 0.5 kg hulu hipa i kēlā me kēia makahiki;
- Pilikia ka villi i ka hana kemika, no laila ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kala o nā huahana;
- I nā lā o ka Incas, hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā "mea maka" waiwai e hoʻohana ana i ka chaku like: he nui ka poʻe i kipaku i nā haneli he mau haneli mau holoholona i loko o nā "funnels" pōhaku, kahi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana i kēlā me kēia ʻehā mau makahiki;
- Lawe ka poʻe i komo i kēia manawa i kahi lauoho lauoho mai Mei a ʻOkakopa, kaomi ka lehulehu i kahi apo a puni ka pipi, alakaʻi i nā mea makaʻu i ka pā, hana ʻia kahi hana kahiko. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā mau mea i hopu ʻia: nā holoholona ʻōpio, nā wahine hāpai, ʻaʻole ʻoki ʻia nā mea maʻi. Hoʻohana lākou i nā kaʻa uila. Ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i kēlā me kēia i ka manawa e hiki i nā ʻohana ke loaʻa kekahi i kekahi.
- Waiho ka dick a me ka 0,5 cm o ka palekiko i ʻole e paʻa ai ka holoholona, a pili ka lauoho i nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua wale nō.
- Ua hoʻolauna ke aupuni o Peru i kahi ʻōnaehana lepili e hōʻike ana i nā lole āpau i hana ʻia ma o ka chaku ʻae ʻia. Mālama kēia i ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka holoholona a hoʻi i ka nāhelehele. Aia kekahi māka no nā vicunas i ʻole e kahi ʻia nā kānaka no nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana;
- ʻOiai nā pāpā, a hiki i ka 22,500 kg o ka huluhulu vicuna e lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma muli o nā hana kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
- Ma nā Chilean Andes, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mahiʻai no ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i nā ʻano holoholona kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai no nā lole i hana ʻia i ka hulu hipa, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "huluhulu gula", hiki i $ 1,800-3,000 i kēlā me kēia pā (0.914 m);
- Huluhulu Vicuna hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā kākini, nā sweater, nā pālule, nā hoʻopiʻi, nā ʻūlū, nā pale, nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā kapa, nā kapa, nā ʻahuʻula;
- ʻO kahi ʻaihue i hana ʻia i kēlā ʻano waiwai he 420,000 rubles, he ʻahu ʻItalia - ma ka liʻiliʻi $ 21,000.
