Muskrat – holoholonai noho ma ka honua honua ma kahi o 40 miliona mau makahiki! ʻOiai kona liʻiliʻi, loaʻa iā ia nā manawa āpau e kāhāhā iā ʻoe me kona mōʻaukala, ʻano a me kona helehelena.
He mea weliweli ke noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e hālāwai ai me kēia mea i kona ala ola! Hoʻokele ʻia e ola i nā mea makaʻu weliweli a me nā mammoth nunui, e hōʻea palekana ana i ke kenekulia 21, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana i ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka lilo ʻole o kāna kū hoʻokahi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Muskrat ma he kiʻi hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona nani a hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻi, ka mea hoihoi mau i kekahi mea. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī i kona hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mua e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā ʻana o kēlā me kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka ihu o ka mea ola.
He ʻano elongated kona, lawe lima a nani hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e waiho ka uʻi o ka desman i kekahi mea makaʻala ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohiki ʻakaʻaka ʻo ia iā ʻoe i nā manawa āpau. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he "hohuli".
No nā niho, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā canine mua a kumu no ka holoholona. ʻO lākou, nui a ʻoi, e hana ʻaneʻane i nā hana āpau i ka unuhi ʻana o ka meaʻai. Hoʻokele ka desman i ka lewa, ka hilinaʻi nui i kāna hoʻolohe ʻana. Nawaliwali kona ʻala. A me ka hihiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea. ʻAʻohe pane a kāna mau haumāna a hiki i ke kukui ʻōlinolino loa. I ka wai, pani wale ka maka o ka holoholona.
Hoʻopuka pinepine kēia mammal i kona leo i ka puna, i ka wā o ka flirting ʻana o ka moena, ke hoʻāʻo ke kāne e hopu i ka wahine. Hoʻololi maʻalahi kēia mau trili i ke kaniʻuhū. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻokuʻu i ke kani ʻana i nā leo. Ohumu paha e like me kahi ʻelemakule maoli. Ke hui nei me kahi ʻenemi, kaomi weliweli ka holoholona a kū i kahi kūlana hakakā ma kona mau wāwae hope.
ʻO ka desman kahi holoholona waena. ʻAʻole hiki ke kau kaupaona i 600 gram. A ʻo nā nui mai ka 25-27 knm. Uhi piha ʻia ka holoholona me ka huluhulu mānoanoa, pōkole a manoanoa hoʻi. Eia kekahi, kūikawā ʻo ia. ʻO nā lauoho i ka nānā kokoke ʻana e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ko lākou mau wēlau. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mea e like me ka mole, akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa kona.
ʻO ka desman, e like me ka mole, makapō a makapō. Akā he lōʻihi kona lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi, kahi mea kōkua nui i kāna wahi maʻamau - ka wai. Ua like ka huelo me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, he ʻano pālahalaha a uhi ʻia me nā unahi.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ho'ākāka holoholona muskratme ka ʻōlelo ʻole ʻana he mea nui kāna huelo no ka exuding ʻana i kahi ʻala kupaianaha o nā violets o ka pō. Aia wale nō aia kekahi mau gland kūikawā i loaʻa ma luna ona. Eia ʻo ia ke kumu o kēia ʻaʻala maikaʻi loa.
Ma ke ala, a mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona kekahi, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau māmela i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou huelo i ka ʻoihana ʻala. A makemake nā wahine hoʻokipa e hoʻopiha i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kā lākou umauma me ka lilina me kā lākou huelo no keʻala.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, mahalo nui ʻia ko lākou huluhulu. A pili kēia i ka hopu holoholona a me ka luku mau. A hiki i ka hopena ua hāʻule nui ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona. Holoholona ulaʻula puke muskrat aia ma lalo o ka pale aupuni.
No ke ʻano o kēia mea ola, paʻakikī a maʻalahi ia. E ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka ʻike maʻalahi a me ka huhū. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa me ka leo nui hikiwawe, hiki i ka desman ke make maʻalahi i ka haki o ka puʻuwai.
Pōkole loa kona mau wāwae, pūnaewele. ʻO ia ke kumu he leʻaleʻa, wāwae wāwae a me ke ala hele wāwae ʻo ia. Akā ma ka honua wale nō kēia. Ke hiki ʻo ia i ka wai, loli nā mea āpau. Ma waho o kahi ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka lokomaikaʻi nani o kahiʻauʻau ʻoihana. Muskrat maneuvers mākau i ka wai. He mākaukau ʻo ia a dexterous.
Nā ʻano
ʻO Desman he ʻelua mau ʻano: Lūkia a me Iberian. E noʻonoʻo mākou i kēlā me kēia o lākou i ke kikoʻī.
Lūkini desman... He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa ia mai kāna Pyrenean pili i ka nui a me kahi noho. ʻOi aku ka nui aku. Ma ke ala, ʻo kēia wale nō ka holoholona nona ka inoa ʻepekema i loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "Lūkia"!
ʻOiai ʻo ka noho ʻana o kēia māmalala me mākou mai ka wā kahiko, ʻaʻole kēlā me kēia kanaka i loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e ʻike maikaʻi ai iā ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo makemake ka desman i kahi ʻano nohona huna.
A ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke hālāwai me ia e hele manuahi ana ma ka honua. Hūnā ʻo ia i loko o kāna mink, a i ʻole lilo i ka manawa i ka wai, e kiʻi ana i ka meaʻai. Loaʻa ka Lūkini desman ma ka aneane o nā ipu wai ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina.
Pyrenean desman... ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia ʻano holoholona i ka nui a loaʻa nui ʻia i ka Pyrenees - e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou mau lā i nā kahawai mauna o ʻEulopa Komohana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaupaona a me nā ana ma mua o ka mea pili iā Rūkia. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma mua o 15-16 cm, a ʻo kona kaupaona 75-80 gram. ʻEleʻele nā kihi o ka holoholona, akā māmā ka huelo.
I ke ao, ʻaneʻane mau ʻo ia e hiamoe, akā i ka pō e like me ka hiki ke hiki. ʻAi wale i ka ʻauinalā.ʻAʻole momona ka wahine o kēia mammal. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kāna keiki i nā makahiki he 5 ma mua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻo 3 mau makahiki.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Desman i ko lākou ola ma ka ʻāina (ʻoi aku ma lalo o ka honua, i nā lua), a ma ka wai (ʻoi aku ma lalo o ka wai, e ʻai nei na lākou iho). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea ola e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona ʻano o ke ola. ʻAneʻane makapō ʻo ia no ka mea ma lalo o ka honua a ma lalo o ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i kahi keu pono nona.
No ka ʻāina, eia ka lua o ka desman. ʻO kēia nā paukū pae-ʻoi loa paʻakikī, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā ʻano ʻenehana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka lākou ma lalo o ka wai. Eia hou, hoʻohana ka holoholona, me ke kānalua ʻole, hoʻohana pū i nā lua o nā beaver e holo mai kahi ʻano a i kekahi.
E kūkākūkā kaʻawale nā Beavers ma aneʻi. ʻO ia a me ka desman e ʻoluʻolu maʻamau. A pili like nā ʻāpana o ko lākou noho ʻana. ʻO Beaver, ma ke ala, ʻaʻohe mea e kūʻē i kāna hoalauna nani. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nā helminths, ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ai i ka beaver a hūnā i nā mollusks kahawai, parasitize me ka leʻaleʻa i ke kino o nā mea momona. No ka mea, me he mea lā, halihali ka holoholona nui iā lākou me ka hoʻomanawanui. ʻLelo lākou he mau manawa ke piʻi wale ka desman ma ke kua o ka beaver ʻoiai e ʻau ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai.
Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i lalo o ka wai ma kahi o 6 mau minuke. ʻO kēia kahi mea nui a liʻiliʻi. Lawa kēia manawa nona e luʻu a hopu i kahi mea ʻono. Akā i loko o ka wai, me ka hoʻohui i nā mea kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o nā pikes nui a me nā iʻa, moe ka desman i kahi pōpilikia ʻē aʻe - nā ʻupena lawaiʻa!
Inā komo ka holoholona i loko o lākou, hoʻomaka ka weliweli a huikau. A ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻolilo i kahi manawa pōkole loa ma lalo o ka wai, hoʻopau ʻia ia. Make ka desman a hiki ke hoʻōla wale ʻia ma ke komo ʻana i ka Red Book.
Koi ʻia wale kahi kanaka e hoʻopakele i kēia, no ka mea ʻo ia ka makaʻu nui loa no kēia ʻano holoholona ʻaneʻane make. A inā i ka manawa Soviet ua kaua kūʻē aku lākou i nā mākaʻi holoholona, i kēia manawa ua loli ke kūlana.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nui o nā huahana Kina makepono i hōʻike ʻia ma ka mākeke, me nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa loa. I kēia manawa hiki i nā lawaiʻa āpau ke kūʻai aku i hoʻokahi. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka ʻupena i ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Ua hana kēia i kahi hahau koʻikoʻi i ka helu o ka desman i waiho ʻia ma Lūkia. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻupena i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka muliwai, hiki iā ia ke luku i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau holoholona i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Eia hou, ʻo ka hōʻino makahiki i ka maikaʻi o ka nohona, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka haumia o nā kahawai a me nā mea e pili ana, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka pipi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kiʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana o kēia holoholona.
ʻO nā wahi maikaʻi loa e noho ai no desman nā waihona wai liʻiliʻi me ka hohonu o 4-6 mau mika. ʻO ke alo o nā kahakai maloʻo me ka nui o nā mea kanu e koi ʻia. ʻAneʻane i nā manawa āpau e hoʻolilo ai kēia holoholona i kāna lua, ka puka e hūnā ai ma lalo o ka wai. A hiki i ka ʻaoʻao lalo ke piʻi i kekahi manawa i 4 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻāpana i ke ala i loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana ʻololī a ākea hoʻi. No laila, ke hiki mai ka wai wai, a kahe ka wai, hoʻopiha ka wai i nā wahi ākea i nā lua i eli ʻia o ka desman, a mālama pono nā holoholona iā lākou e pakele palekana, pakele a malu hoʻi i kekahi mea e lana ana.
I ke kauwela, noho noho mau kēia mau māmela, ʻo kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke launa me kahi wahine ʻelua. Akā i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi loa ke kiʻi. I hoʻokahi lua hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā holoholona he 14 i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau "hale" he manawa pōkole a like nā holoholona me kēlā me kēia.
ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi nui loa ma luna o nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe kahi hiki i ka desman ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Hanu ʻo ia i ka lewa me kona ihu lōʻihi, me ka ʻole e puka mai ana mai ka waihona wai. A laila, e luʻu hohonu ana, hoʻokuʻu ia i nā huʻa no kekahi mau minuke.
I ka hoʻoilo, lilo kēia mau huʻa i mau kahakahana kūikawā, e hana i ka hau a palupalu. ʻO kēia a, ʻoiai, ʻala ka hohono musky o ka holoholona i nā mollusk like ʻole ma aneʻi. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole pono ka holoholona e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā meaʻai nāna iho, ʻo ia iho ke ukali ma kona kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
Akā lilo ke kauwela wela i mea hōʻoia paʻakikī loa no ka desman. Ke hoʻomaloʻo ka waihona wai, pono ʻo ia e neʻe i kahi hou o ka noho, a me ka maka maka ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi. Eia hou, e like me kā mākou e hoʻomanaʻo nei, ma ka honua ʻaʻole ia he kelepona a, me ka likelika kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke lilo i mea pio maʻalahi no kēlā me kēia meʻa.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO kēia mau holoholona nani nā mea ʻai āpau. ʻOi aku paha kā lākou papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā i ko lākou kaumaha. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o ka holoholona he ʻano ʻokoʻa a mahalo ʻole ia. ʻO ka mea nui aloha iā ia i nā molluscs muliwai liʻiliʻi, nā leaching, nā larvae a me nā mea kolo. Lawe ʻoliʻoli ʻo ia i kahi iʻa a i loko o kāna lua paha.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, manaʻo ʻia ka desman he mea hahai holoholona kupanaha wale nō ia. Mālama ka antennae i mau mea kōkua nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO lākou ka mea e hana nei ma ke ʻano he antenna, hopu i nā haʻalulu iki i ka lewa a me ka wai, e ʻae nei i ka holoholona e hoʻokele maikaʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea lele, nā mea kolo a me nā ʻauʻau.
Ma mua, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka desman no ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa i ka nui loa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Hiki i kā mākou holoholona ke hopu wale i kahi iʻa nāwaliwali, maʻi a ʻeha paha. No laila hoʻohui mākou i hoʻokahi mea hou aʻe i nā keu pono āpau o ka desman - ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā waihona waihona!
Ma waho aʻe o nā makemake kolo, loaʻa pū i ka holoholona ka ʻai. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole iā ia iho i kahi papa kuhikuhi o nā mea kanu muliwai momona. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea āpau, mai nā kumu i nā hua.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ke huki ʻia ka ea ma lalo o ka wai, hana ka desman i mau huʻa, i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai, hana i nā plume holoʻokoʻa e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o ka plankton muliwai. Pono ka holoholona e ʻauʻau ma ke ala like a hōʻiliʻili iā lākou āpau. ʻO kēia, i ke kumu, ua lawa ia no desman e hānai i nā mea ʻelua i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.
Akā, i kekahi manawa nele ʻo ia i nā manaʻo ʻoi, a holo wiwo ʻole ʻo ia i kahi iʻa nui a i rana paha, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu. ʻO ka hapanui paha, e haʻalele nō ka hoa paio, akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopau i ka moeʻuhane. A, ʻoiai, he mau ʻenemi ka desman iho i ke ʻano. ʻO kēia nā mea predators a pau mai kahi o kona wahi noho: ferret, fox, ermine, kite a me nā ʻaeto gula.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
A i kēia mea, ʻokoʻa ka desman mai nā lunamakaʻāinana he nui o ka honua holoholona a ʻano, ʻano kanaka loa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i ka holoholona ke komo i ka male a puni ka makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka punawai kahi mea nui. Akā, e kala mai iaʻu, a i kekahi poʻe, aia i ka pūnāwai e ʻike ʻia ai nā piʻi hormonal kūikawā.
Pili nā pāʻani mare o kā mākou meʻe me nā kaua maoli no ka maka o kāna ipo. I loko o kēia wā, ke loaʻa nei ke kāne i ka wiwo ʻole a me ka wiwo ʻole, ka mea kānalua i kōkua iā ia i ke kaua me ka hoa paio.
Nui ke kani o ke kaua, akā laki nō naʻe e hoʻopau koke ia. A hoʻomaha wikiwiki kekahi mau kāne hou i kā lākou lua e lawe i kahi hana koʻikoʻi - e hoʻonui i ka heluna o desman.
Me ka hoʻomaha ʻole o hoʻokahi minuke, ma hope koke o ka momona, huli ka wahine i mea hana hale. A i loko o kekahi mau hola, hana ʻo ia i kahi pūnana kahi e hānau ʻia ai nā pēpē. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kāpae ka hana ʻana a ka makuahine i kēia haʻalele ʻana a hiki i ka hānau ʻana o kahi hanauna hou.
ʻO ka manawa hānau o ka desman ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina. E hoʻomaopopo he kupanaha wale kona makuahine. Mālama nui ʻo ia a mālama aloha i kāna pēpē, me ka nānā nui ʻana i kēlā me kēia, aloha mau iā lākou, hānai iā lākou a haʻalele ʻole no hoʻokahi minuke.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻomākaukau nā mākua i kahi pūnana ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke, kahi "airfield reserves" e ʻae iā lākou e peʻe ma laila me kā lākou keiki inā pilikia weliweli. A ʻoiai e neʻe nei ka wahine me nā keiki, hoʻohuli ka makua kāne makaʻu ʻole i ka nānā o ka ʻenemi iā ia iho.
I hoʻokahi male, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hānau ʻia he ʻeono mau keiki. A inā ʻaʻole lawa ka teritori no ke kūkulu ʻana, a laila hiki i kekahi mau ʻohana ke hui pū i hoʻokahi lua. Eia kekahi, noho pū lākou me ka maluhia.
I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, haʻalele ka hanauna ʻōpio i ka home makua, ma hope o ke kāhea o ke kūlohelohe a hoʻomaka i kahi ala kūʻokoʻa. Me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana, mahalo nui nā mākua i kekahi i kekahi no ka manawa maikaʻi a hoʻopuehu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke kuʻina i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā ʻaʻole wau ʻike ʻē kekahi i kekahi.
ʻĀ, ma ka laulā, nui ka mea i ka hana a me ke ola o kēia mea ola i mea pohihihi nui i nā kānaka. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā hihia like ʻole e ka poʻe laki laki e hālāwai me desman i ko lākou ala. Wahi a kekahi he momona ka holoholona a hoʻomau ʻo ia e ʻai i ka mea pio a paʻa ʻia e kāna huelo i luna o lalo.
I kekahi moʻolelo ʻē aʻe, hōʻole ʻo ia e ʻai no nā lā lōʻihi. ʻLelo lākou i ka hiki i ka makuahine desman makaʻu ke gnawing i kāna mau keiki āpau. A ʻōlelo nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe inā i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi pā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hooki i ka hānai ʻana i kāna pēpē
Hoʻokahi mea e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka hilinaʻi piha: ke mālama ʻia i ka pio, hoʻololi koke ka desman i nā kūlana hou, nā haku a hiki ke ʻai pū i kou mau lima. Akā ʻaʻohe mea i kūleʻa i ka hoʻohina piha iā ia. ʻAʻole pili ʻo ia iā haʻi. He ʻano paʻakikī ʻo ia.
ʻĀ, i ka wā e hemo hou ana, nalowale koke ʻo ia i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o kahi holoholona lūlū a loaʻa iā ia kona kūlana ma mua o kahi holoholona hihiu. A ʻo nā mea āpau a ke kanaka e hana ai e hāʻawi i ka pale kiʻekiʻe loa i kēia mea ola mau loa mau loa.
Mai poina i ka noho ʻana o ka desman ma aneʻi ma mua o kā mākou. Akā ʻo mākou ka mea nāna i hoʻopau i ka nalowale ʻaneʻane. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hōʻike ai ʻo wai mākou - he mau hoaaloha a ʻenemi paha o ke kūlohelohe, e kākoʻo iā mākou i nā manawa āpau, e hāʻawi lokomaikaʻi iā mākou me nā kumuwaiwai a hoʻopiha i ka honua i ka nani.
