ʻO kahi manu nani e lele ana ma luna o ka ululāʻau a hoʻonui ʻia kahi steppe e huikau pinepine ʻia me nā ʻelele like o ka falcon, nā ʻohana hawk. He manu ʻoeto ʻaeto ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa i nā ʻano pili i kekahi mea.
ʻO ka ʻeleu, a me ka naʻau wikiwiki e ʻae i nā manu e kipa ma nā alanui o nā kūlanakauhale, e hana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni - hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā kānaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hōʻike i ke ahonui, ke aloha kupaianaha no nā kānaka.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka manu he aeto kaulike ia - lōʻihi ke kino 65 -74 cm, ke kaumaha o kekahi kanaka 1.6 -3.2 kg. I ka lele ʻana, hiki i ka ʻēheu o ka ʻaeto kuha i 180 knm. He paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne - like lākou i ke kala. Akā inā kokoke nā manu o nā ʻano wahine ʻokoʻa, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā ke kāne. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka dimorphism moekolohe.
Na ka helehelena ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia kokoke i ka ʻaeto ʻeleʻele, akā ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka huelo - ākea, hoʻopōkole ʻia, me ka lihi poepoe. ʻO nā ʻeheu, ʻokoʻa ka noho ʻana o ka steppe, mai hana i ka lepe ma ka pelupelu. I ka lele ʻana, piʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka laina o nā ʻeheu e moe ākea, hiki i nā hulu hopena ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki ʻia a hāpai ʻia paha, e hana i nā "manamana lima" i wehewehe pono ʻia.
I kahi manu noho, hiki lākou i ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka huelo, i kekahi manawa kū lākou i waho no ia. Ua lawa nā wāwae o ka mea hōkai. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi nā wāwae ikaika, ʻo ka plumage a hiki i nā manamana wāwae ke hāʻawi iā lākou i ke ʻano o ka "pants" lush. ʻEleʻele nā kui, ʻoiʻoi.
ʻO ke kuʻi a me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka manu e kumakaia i kahi mea ʻaihue maoli, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hopena koke o kahi hulu hulu. Pili ke kala o nā manu i ka makahiki. ʻO nā ʻōpio a hiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka lūlū ʻana i nā kiko kulu ma ke kua, nā ʻeheu.
Hoʻonani kahi paʻa keʻokeʻo i ka huelo o luna, ke kumu o nā hulu lele i lalo o nā ʻeheu. ʻO ke kala waena o nā manu semi-oʻo a ʻoi aku nā kaha uila - ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kala a me ke ʻano.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka mea i hōʻike pololei ʻia ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi, - puka ihu poepoe kēia, ʻokoʻa i ka maʻa, e like me nā aeto ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kihi o ka waha ākea, pili i nā maka.
Hoʻololi ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā ʻōpio i ka lole i ke kala ʻeleʻele monochromatic, ʻo ka nape a me ka undertail wale nō ke kala ʻia ma mua o ke kino o ka manu. Aia kekahi mau kānaka nona ke kala nui he straw-buffy, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Melemele ka piʻina. ʻEleʻele nā maka.
ʻO ka lua o ka inoa o ka manu ka ʻaeto ʻāʻō no ka uē nui o ka leo, ke ʻāwīwī kiʻekiʻe i ka makaʻu mua. ʻOi aku ka pinepine a nui ka leo o ka ʻōkuhi hoʻomaha ʻole - wikiwiki - wikiwiki, kuk - kuk, etc.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻaeto kiko kiko
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻaeto kiko kiko iki
Ka Leo ʻEeto ʻIke komo pū me nā kani kani. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana pīhoihoi o ka manu, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka ʻuwā a me ka ʻāwī. ʻO nā hōʻailona kāhea sonorous ke lohe ʻia i ka wā hānau: kiyik, kiyyik, kiyyik.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka manu he maluhia, noʻonoʻo. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i hoʻoweliweli ai ka poʻe i ka poʻe ʻōpio i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e hui pū me ka ʻohana, e hana i kahi pālua na lākou. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i hōʻea ai kahi manu ʻeha i kahi kanaka, a ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana ʻaʻole lele ʻo ia, akā ua noho pū me ka mea nona. Akamai, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia e ʻimi manu Mongol.
Nā ʻano
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e noho paha nā kūpuna maʻamau o ka ʻaeto i kuhi ʻia i ka panalāʻau o Afghanistan hou. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae manu i nā lālā komohana a me ka hikina. Hoʻopaʻa nā Ornithologists i nā ʻokoʻa i ka nohona a me ka wahi e hoʻomoana ai, ke kaolaola, a me ka ʻike aeto. I kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano aʻe:
Aeto kuhikuhipuʻuone nui. Hōʻike ka inoa i kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa – ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manu ma mua o kona ʻohana. Ua piʻi ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 75 cm, ke kaumaha a 4 kg. ʻO ka laha maʻamau i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa - Polani, Hungary, Pinilana, Romania.
ʻO kekahi wahi ʻē aʻe ma Asia - ma ka ʻāina ʻo Mongolia, Pakistan, Kina. I ko mākou ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me ka Great Spotted Eagle ma Primorye, Kaliningrad Region, a me ka West Siberian. Kākaʻikahi ka manu i nā wahi a pau, e nalo ana ma nā wahi. No ka wā hoʻoilo e lele ai i India, Indochina, ʻIrana.
He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka nui o nā kala, nā kanaka māmā me nā ʻōmole gula he mea liʻiliʻi loa. E like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā manu ʻōpio o ka Greater Spotted Eagle e nā kiko kīkē kulu ma ke kua a me nā ʻeheu, i nalowale i ko lākou oʻo ʻana.
Aeto kuhikuhina liʻiliʻi. He paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, aia he ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a hiki i 65 cm, ke kaumaha o ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kāne, ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 kg. Hāʻawi ka liʻiliʻi i ka manu ʻēheu ʻēheu me ka maneuverability nui. I ka hopu holoholona, ʻaʻole e haʻalele kahi manu dexterous a wikiwiki i ka mea pio ma ka nahele a i ʻole ma kahi ākea.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana hāʻawi o ka manu i ʻelua mau ʻāpana. I ko mākou ʻāina, noho ʻo ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia liʻiliʻi e noho i nā ululāʻau huikau a puni Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Tula. I ʻEulopa, loaʻa ka manu ma waenakonu, nā ʻāina hikina. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano laha ʻole o nā laha ma ʻAsia Asia. Ua helu ʻia ka manu ma ka Buke ʻula.
Aeto kuhikuhipuʻuone India. ʻOkoʻa i ka hana stocky, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma luna o 65 knm. ʻO nā ʻeheu ākea, ka huelo pokole, ke kala ʻeleʻele i loko o kahi manu liʻiliʻi akā agile. Noho ka ʻaeto ʻike ʻĀnia ma Nepal, Kemupodia, ʻInia, Bangladesh.
ʻO nā manu e pili ana i nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia pū kekahi me ka ʻāina kanu Paniolo, ka ʻaeto ʻeleʻele. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e hele ana i nā Eagles i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia a me nā aeto e ʻike ai i nā mea nui e hiki ai ke lilo i mau hybrids hiki ke ola. Hoʻopili nā wahi noho o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa, ma ka ʻākau o Hindustan.
I ka wā kahiko loa aia ʻaeto kiko keʻokeʻo, i manaʻo ʻia he manu laʻa e hāpai ana i ka makemake o ke akua. ʻO nā wehewehe Medieval e hōʻike ana i nā huakaʻi ʻimi holoholona a nā mōʻī me nā manu hūnā, i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka waiwai, ka hanohano o ka mea nona. Ua lilo nā manu o ke ʻano māmā i mau koa i nā moʻolelo kaʻao a me nā kaʻao o ka poʻe Kina. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia me ka nuʻukia o ka mea pale i ka poʻe, ka manu sentinel ma ka paia Kina.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ke lele nei no nā hola he nui i ka lewa ma luna o nā wahi kūlohelohe kahi ʻano o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia. Huikau pinepine nā manu ʻike ʻole i ka lani e nā mea aloha kūlohelohe ʻole me nā manu ʻeleu stepele.
Makemake nā aeto i ʻike ʻia i nā kahawai, nā ululāʻau mokupuni, ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi taiga me nā lāʻau deciduous a me coniferous. Noho ka mea ʻaihue i nā wahi o ka ululāʻau, nā awāwa, no laila, hiki ke loaʻa kēia manu laha ʻole i nā panalāʻau e pili ana iā Volga, Ob, Yenisei, Amur.
Ma nā kino o ka wai, nā loko, nā wai kai, nā kahawai, loaʻa i ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia kahi kahua huli maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā wahi noho palahalaha nui, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kapuaʻi wāwae ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a i 1000 m.
Ua hōʻea ka manu neʻe mai nā moku ʻApelika i nā wahi hema i ka hopena o Pepeluali, i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau - i ʻApelila. I ke kauwela, hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana i ka hopena o ʻAukake a mau a hiki i ka waena o Kepakemapa. ʻO ka hoʻoilo aeto e ʻike ʻia ma nā subtropics o ʻAsia, nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o ʻApelika.
I ka wā ma mua, ua kākaʻikahi ka manu maʻamau o nā steppe a me nā ulu lāʻau i kēia lā. I loko o nā kenekulia i hala iho nei, ua iho nui ka helu. ʻO ke kumu i ka hana ikaika a ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana, ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā wahi momona, ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā wahi pāpū, ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka emi ʻana o nā lehulehu, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻEulopa a me ʻA hikina Hema.
Nui aʻe nā pūnaewele pūnana. He mea nui ia no nā aeto ʻike kikoʻī e loaʻa ka lawa o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pūnana. ʻO ka hoʻomāinoino i nā manu ke lilo i ko lākou mau home, haʻalele i nā wahi pūnana a nā kāne i noho ai i mau makahiki. ʻO ka heluna nui loa o nā manu, ma kahi o 120 pālua, ke waiho nei ma Belarus.
Hōʻike nā manu i ka hana i ka lā, e ʻimi mau ana i ka mea pio. Hoʻololi ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia i nā hana ʻimi holoholona e like me nā ʻano o ka wahi ʻimi holoholona. Kiola ka uila mai kahi kiʻekiʻe mai haʻalele inā ʻike ʻia kahi pahuhopu neʻe e kau ana.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻaeto nui, ʻike ʻia nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia e lele i lalo, akā ʻo ko lākou wikiwiki, ʻaʻole wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka hopena i nā congeners nui. Aia kekahi ala o ka ʻimi holoholona ma ka honua. Hiki i kahi mea ʻona hulu ke hopu i kahi koʻokoʻo e like me ka iole i ka wā e hele wāwae ana, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka holoholona i loko o nā nāhelehele.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻAʻohe mea kūikawā kūikawā i kaʻai a ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia. I ka papaʻai o kahi mea ʻino, ka meaʻai nui ka meaʻai holoholona i ke ʻano o nā voles wai, nā rodents he nui, nā mea kolo, nā amphibians a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. Ma ke kahakai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia ma nā rana a me nā iʻa wai pāpaʻu. ʻAʻole hoihoi ʻo Carrion i nā manu, akā i ka wā o ka pōloli nui e helu lākou me kēia meaʻai.
ʻAno ʻole ka poʻe ʻimi mākaukau me ka ʻole o ka mea pio inā lākou e noho i nā wahi momona i nā mea ulu a me nā holoholona lōhiu. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i kahi māmala liʻiliʻi, e like me ka gopher, kahi manu liʻiliʻi (quail, ʻeleʻele ʻaihue) ʻaʻole ia he hana naʻaupō no kahi ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā mea o ka hopu holoholona he mau holoholona nui nui - nā hares, nā lāpaki, nā kuhukukū, nā puaʻa ʻōpio.
ʻO ka nele i ka meaʻai maoli e hele ai nā aeto i ʻike ʻia i nā mahinaʻai - e ʻaihue i nā moa, nā ʻāpō a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Nui nā nalo, nā ʻenuhe, nā moʻo, a me nā moʻo e lilo i mau mea liʻiliʻi no nā mea ʻānai ma nā hele wāwae ma waena o nā forbs.
Pono nā manu i kahi kino wai e kinai i ko lākou make wai a ʻauʻau. He pilina kūikawā ko nā aeto i ʻike ʻia me ka wai. ʻO nā ʻaeto a pau, ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻaka i hiki ke holoholo i ka wai pāpaʻu, komo i kona mau wāwae i ka wai, a pīpī.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO nā aeto i ʻike ʻia he mau manu monogamous e pāʻina hoʻokahi. Wehe ka wā hānau ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ka hoʻohou ʻana o ka nohona. ʻO ka pūnana aeto mau no kekahi mau makahiki, akā i kēlā me kēia makahiki pau nā manu i ke kūkulu ʻana iā ia a hoʻihoʻi me nā lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo me ka mauʻu, nā ʻūlū, i lalo, nā hulu.
Noho maʻa mau nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā hale hakahaka o nā stork a me nā hawk. Kākaʻikahi loa ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana hou. ʻO ke kumu e komo nei i nā wahi kahiko, nā hopena weliweli o ka ʻino.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Clutch i Mei, kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hua manu - keʻokeʻo me nā kiko ʻalani. Kākaʻikahi loa nā hua ʻekolu. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka incubation mai ka hua mua, hāʻawi ka hoa iā ia me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 40 mau lā.
No ka mea moa moʻo ʻaeto ʻike ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole, hoʻomāinoino pinepine ʻia ka ʻōpio e kahi makua nui, ikaika, make i nā pule mua o ke ola.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma ka ʻēheu e pili ana i ka waena o ʻAukake, ʻo ia hoʻi ma hope o 7-9 mau pule o kou mau makahiki. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, aia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lele ʻana, ka hopu holoholona. ʻO ka poʻe makemake e kolo i kahi manu e lawe iā lākou iho i kēia manawa, a lele ka ʻōpio, me nā manu makua, no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke ola o nā manu i ke kūlohelohe ma kahi o 25 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ʻole ai i ka palekana o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia, hiki i nā kenekulia ke hoʻolauleʻa i ko lākou 30 makahiki.
He moʻolelo kahiko ko nā manu nani, i nā kaʻao ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ke kuleana o nā koa-pale pale o ke kanaka. I ke ao hou, ke kū nei ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - pono i ka lehulehu o ka lahilahi lahilahi o ke aeto ʻike ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe - pili ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā manu akamai a hanohano hoʻi iā lākou.
