ʻO nā cicadas maʻamau - ʻoiai kēia inoa, he mau ʻano ʻokala ʻokoʻa no ke kaʻina o hemiptera (Latin Lyristes plebejus). Hoʻohui ʻia lākou e nā ʻohana o nā mele cicadas a i ʻole maoli (Cicadidae), a me nā leafhoppers liʻiliʻi, nā peni, nā puʻupuʻu, a laila lilo i suborder piha.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mele e pili ana i nā pepelu, hōʻike ʻia lākou i nā kiʻi pena, hana ʻia nā brooch lei. Kaulana lākou a puni ka honua a hiki i kahi moʻo anime "Uē nā cicadas».
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
I ka hapanui o nā cicadas, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 36 mm, a inā ana ʻia me nā ʻeheu pelu, a laila ma kahi o 50 mm. Antennae me ka flagellum, pinepine pinepine ʻia pōkole. ʻO ka papa o lalo o nā ʻūhā mua i kāhiko ʻia me nā niho nui ʻelua.
Ma ke poʻo o nā cicadas mele, ma waena o nā maka nui, ʻekolu mau maka maʻalahi hou aʻe. Lōʻihi ka proboscis a hiki ke uhi manuahi i ka lōʻihi o ka umauma.
Loaʻa i nā kāne kahi mea hoʻomohala pono no ka hana ʻana i nā leo nui loa. I ka wā o ka moena, i hiki ke hala i mau pule, ua like ka leo nui o kā lākou mele ʻana me ke kani o ke kaʻaahi e hele ana i ke alaloa a hōʻike ʻia i 100-120 dB, i lilo ai iā lākou nā pepelu leo nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ke kala o nā cicadas maʻamau ʻeleʻele a hina hina paha, hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo a me ka dorsum mua me nā lau melemele paʻakikī.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā larvae ma mua o 5 mm o ka nui a ʻaʻole nānā e like me ko lākou mau mākua. He mau pale wāwae ikaika ko lākou i mua, me lākou e ʻeli ai i ka honua e puʻuhonua mai ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomohala hou aʻe i kahi nymph. ʻOkoʻa lākou i kahi kino māmā, akā pili ke kala kikoʻī i ka laha a me ka nohona.
Cicada hoʻoilo ʻaʻohe mākua - ma muli o ko lākou noho liʻiliʻi, make nā kānaka i pakele i ka metamorphosis ma mua o ka hau mua. ʻO nā larvae wale nō, e ʻūlū hohonu ana i ka lepo, a me nā nū, e kali ana i nā lā mehana e hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i ka pupation.
No laila, e kamaʻilio wale mākou e pili ana i nā larvae. ʻO ke Kaiwaenahonua a me ka peninsula Crimean i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka wahi noho o ka cicada maʻamau. Eia kekahi, maʻamau kēia mau mea kolo ma ka moku ʻo Caucasus a ma Transcaucasus.
Nā ʻano
ʻO nā mea kupaianaha o nā cicadas āpau hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Royal (Potponia imperatoria), ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ka nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO 65 mm ka lōʻihi o kona kino, a ʻo 21,000 mm kona ʻūheu. Loaʻa kēia mau pilikua ma ka ʻāina ʻo Peninsular Malaysia a me Singapore.
ʻO ke kala ʻana o nā meaola kolohe e like me ka ʻili lāʻau, kahi e ʻikika kikic a hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o kona ola honua. ʻAʻole ʻinoʻino nā ʻeheu aniani i ka huna, no laila paʻakikī loa ke ʻike ʻana i kahi mea nui.
Kaulana nā cicadas hīmeni i nā wahi me nā anilā wela a me ka mahana. No laila, ma kahi o 1,500 mau ʻano hiki ke loaʻa i nā tropic. Ma ʻEulopa, pālahalaha nā ʻano 18 o kēia mau mea kolo. Nui loa kekahi o lākou. He kamaʻāina mau ʻo Cicadas ma Eurasia, Indonesia wale nō, akā me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano:
1. Cicada ʻōmaʻomaʻo... Aia ia ma nā wahi āpau ma Kina, Kazakhstan, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka hapa nui o nā wahi o ka Russian Federation a ma nā ʻāina he nui o Western Europe. Noho lākou ma nā wahi palaho, ma nā wahi wai i pulu ʻia a pulu paha, kahi e ulu ai nā mauʻu momona a me nā sedges. ʻŌmaʻomaʻo nā ʻeheu, melemele ke kino, a ʻeleʻele i ka ʻōpū. Ua manaʻo ʻia he pest. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā cereala e nā cicadas ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
2. Cicada keʻokeʻo - mea hao hao a i ʻole citrus. Uku hina ia i ke kala me kahi aniani keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 9 mm, ʻo ka pepeke, me kona mau ʻeheu, kahi ʻano elongated. He ʻano iki ke nānā aku me he kulu lā, a he ʻano moth liʻiliʻi ke nānā aku.
He paʻakikī e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mohala ʻana o ka pua i luna o nā mea kanu i ka waenakonu o ka makahiki he mau larva metalcafe ola e hōʻeha i nā mea kanu mahiʻai.
3. Buffalo cicada a i ʻole humpback cicada... Ma luna o ko lākou poʻo kahi ʻano ulu ulu i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kēia laha. Mālama ʻia ia i nā kumu ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā hua waina, kahi e hūnā ai i nā hua, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻā o ke kī me ka ovipositor, kahi e make ai nā koʻokoʻo poino.
4. Cicada mauna... Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Kina, USA, Turkey, Palesetina, i loaʻa pū i nā helu he nui ma ka Hikina hikina a me Siberia Hema. ʻO kona kino ma kahi o 2.5 knm ka lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele loa, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, lahilahi a ʻākala nā ʻeheu.
5. ʻAsika cicada... ʻO ia ka hapalua o ka nui o kahi maʻamau. Hāʻawi ʻo Entomologists iā ia i ka ʻohana mele. No ka lāʻau lehua mana ka inoa, a ʻo nā lālā i wae ʻia e nā pepeke no ka waiho hua ʻana. ʻO ka nui o ke kino o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i 28 mm, aia ka ʻēheu i 70 mm.
Ma ka mānoanoa, ʻaneʻane aniani ka ʻōpū, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻulaʻula a me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i nā veins a me nā ʻēheu o nā ʻeheu. ʻAi wale lākou i ka kohu, i huki ʻia mai nā mea kanu, nā lālā ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau. Makemake lākou i nā ʻoliva, ka eucalyptus, nā hua waina.
ʻO nā cicadas kau kūikawā (Magicicada) mai ʻAmelika Hema, nona ka pōʻaiapuni ʻo 13 a me 17 mau makahiki, i kapa ʻia he poʻe mele. Ua ʻokoʻa lākou i ka hānau hou ʻia ʻana i nā mākua. Hāʻawi ʻia nā inseka i kekahi ʻano inoa kapakapa - "ʻūhiku ʻumikūmāhiku makahiki." Akā ʻaʻohe o lākou pili i nā ʻūhini.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Nā mākua cicadas i ke kauwela kolo i waho o ka lepo a ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻili o nā lālā ʻōpiopio me kahi ovipositor serrated. A laila hūnā lākou i ka waiho-hua ma lalo. Hāʻule nā larvae i hānau ʻia i ka honua, nahu i kona mānoanoa, a hoʻomau i ko lākou ulu ʻana ma kahi hohonu o ka mika.
Pā lākou ma nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau a hānai i ko lākou kohu. He māmā ko ka larvae, kino opaque, keʻokeʻo mua, a ma hope buffy, me nā antennae lōʻihi a me nā foreleg ikaika. Noho lākou i 2 a i ʻole 4 mau makahiki i kā lākou mink, kokoke a hiki i ke oʻo makua ʻana, a ma mua wale nō o ka loli loa e piʻi ai lākou i luna.
ʻO Cicada i ka hoʻoilo kanu mau iā ia iho i hohonu a me nā hibernates. I kēia manawa, ulu a ulu ka larva a lilo i nymph, a ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka lepo, puka lākou i waho a hoʻomaka e ʻeli i nā keʻena liʻiliʻi no ka pupation.
Lohe ka hapanui o ka poʻe i nā kani a nā cicadas i kahi mamao aku a i 900 m, ʻoiai ka mana o kā lākou aloha trill i hiki i 120 dB. "Hīmeni" nā kāne kāne nui loa o nā mea āpau - kāhea lākou i nā hoa e hiki mai ana i kēia ala a hana i kahi manaʻo kūpono iā lākou.
I kekahi manawa kani cicada Hoʻomaka e like me ka ʻole o ke kaomi a me ke kani ʻana, akā ʻo ke kani ʻana o kahi kani pōʻai. I mea e uha nui ai, hoʻohana lākou i kekahi mau mākala, me ke kōkua o lākou e hana ai i nā kimepala - ʻelua mau membrane (nā lāʻau lāʻau).
Hoʻonui ʻia nā haʻalulu kani nui e hōʻike ʻia i kēia hihia e kahi kāmela kūikawā. Hana pū ʻo ia i ka mele me lākou. Nānā maikaʻi loa cicada ma ke kiʻi, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā i kāna hanana i nā kikoʻī āpau.
Hiki i nā wahine ke hana i nā kani, akā ʻaʻole iki lākou e hīmeni a mālie loa, i kekahi manawa no ka hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia nā kani i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka. I kekahi manawa ʻākoakoa nā cicadas i nā hui nui a laila ʻaʻole i ʻae ka leo i nā insect e ʻae i nā mea ʻino e makemake e ʻono i kahi mea ʻono e hoʻokokoke iā lākou.
Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī e hopu i nā cicadas ke hiki iā lākou ke lele. I ka wā pulu a ʻōpua hoʻi, hana ʻole ʻo cicadas a hilahila hoʻi. I ka manawa mahanahana mehana e hana nui lākou.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka mea ʻano ʻē o nā cicadas ka mea ma nā ʻāina he nui i manaʻo ʻia he mau pepeke parasite lākou. Hoʻopilikia nā māla waina, nā mea kanu kīhāpai a me nā lāʻau i kā lākou hoʻouka kaua. Hoʻopōʻino nā cicadas makua i nā koʻokoʻo, nā lālā, nā lau me kā lākou proboscis, e unuhi nei i ka wai i makemake ʻia mai iā lākou.
Ke piha lākou, hemo lākou, a hoʻomau ke kahe o ka wai ola mai ka "ʻeha", e huli mālie i ka manna - kahi mea momona momona (resin lāʻau). ʻO nā ʻohana Cicada e noho ana i ka lepo e hōʻino i nā aʻa, ke omo lākou i ka wai mai iā lākou. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano o kā lākou makaʻu i nā kanu mahiʻai.
Ma muli o kā lākou waha waha ikaika, hiki i nā cicadas ke "omo" a hōʻino i nā mea kanu i kū i loko o ka hohonu. ʻO ka hopena, ma hope o ia ʻano meaʻai, make paha nā mea kanu. I nā wahi mahiʻai me nā cicadas he nui, hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe mahiʻai i kahi hāʻule o nā hua. Hiki i nā larvae a me nā mākua ke weliweli.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ke kāhea nei nā kāne, i kā lākou mau hoaaloha, kani pinepine i ka manawa wela o ka lā. Koi lākou i ka nui o ka ikehu no kēia, a lākou e hoʻopihapiha pono ai mai ka wela o ka lā. Akā kekahi mau laha, i kēia mau lā, e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻumeʻume ʻole i nā mea hoʻomake a hoʻomaka i kā lākou serenades i ke ahiahi, i ka wā ahiahi.
Hoʻāʻo nā kāne e koho i nā wahi malumalu a i ka lā. Ua hana maʻalahi nā cicadas Platypleura i kēia, ua akamai lākou i ka thermoregulation a hiki ke hoʻomehana iā lākou iho ma ke kaomi ʻana i nā mākala a lākou e lele ai.
Hoʻomaka e kani nā wahine aloha, nā kāne cicadas ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kani, me he mea lā hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka leo o kahi mokuahi. ʻO cicadas hoʻoulu kū maʻamau no nā laha he nui. I ka manawa e momona ai ka pepelu i ka wahine, make koke ia.
Akā pono nā wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua manu. Loaʻa iā lākou mai 400 a 900 mau hua i hoʻokahi hoʻomoe hua. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻili a me nā koʻokoʻo, hiki ke hūnā pono ʻia nā hua i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, pinepine i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, ʻoki.
Ma ka awelika, ʻaʻohe lōʻihi o ke ola o nā pepeke makua; ʻae ʻia lākou e noho i ka wā hoʻomaha ʻaʻole ma mua o 3 a 4 mau pule. He lawa ka manawa e ʻike ai i kahi hoa a hoʻomoe i nā hua, a laila e hūnā ʻia e nā wahine ma lalo o ka ʻili, i nā petioles lau, i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu.
ʻĀlohilohi lākou, keʻokeʻo i ka mua, a laila pouli. ʻO ka hua manu ma kahi o 2.5 mm ka lōʻihi a 0.5 mm ākea. Ma hope o 30-40 mau lā, e hoʻomaka e ʻike i nā larvae.
ʻO nā wehewehe ʻana i nā pōʻaiapuni o nā cicadas o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he hoihoi loa i nā ʻepekema-entomologists a me nā mea aloha maoli. ʻO nā larvae o nā cicadas wā kū hoʻokahi i lalo o ka honua no nā makahiki he nui, a ʻo ka helu o ia mau mea e kūlike i ka lālani mua o nā kuhina - 1, 3, 5, 7 a ʻoi aku.
ʻIke ʻia e ola ana kēlā larva ma mua o 17 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia wā he moʻo no nā lū. A laila, ke kakali nei i kahi metamorphosis, ka cicada e hiki mai ana (nymph) mai loko mai o kāna ao ʻoluʻolu a me nā loli. Noho ʻo cicada mauna ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau makahiki, ʻelua mau makahiki ʻo cicada maʻamau - 4 mau makahiki.
Panina hopena
ʻAi ʻia ʻo Cicadas e nā lāhui o nā ʻāina ʻo ʻApelika a me ʻAsia, ʻai ʻia lākou me ka leʻaleʻa ma kekahi mau wahi o ʻAukekulelia a me USA. ʻOno lākou i kālua ʻia a moa ʻia. Loaʻa iā lākou i 40% protein a ma ka manawa like haʻahaʻa loa i nā calorie. ʻO kā lākou ʻono, ke kuke, ʻano like me ka ʻono o ka uala, e like me ka asparagus.
ʻO Cicada kahi lawaiʻa kūlohelohe no nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā kolo he nui. He kuleana nui lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiaolaola. Hauʻoli nā nūnē lepo e hānai i kā lākou larvae me lākou. Ke hiki mai ka manawa no ka hānai ʻana a he mau haneli mau tausani cicadas e puka i waho o kā lākou lua, lilo ka hapa nui o lākou i nā mea ʻaihue e like me nā ʻalopeke a me nā manu, no kekahi o lākou ʻo kēia wale nō ke ala e ola ai.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mākua e nā lawaiʻa e like me ka maunu ma muli o ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i nā perches a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe me kā lākou lele ikaika ʻana o nā ʻeheu. No laila, ʻo kahi cicada i ka lima o kahi kanaka ʻike e lawe mau iā ia i kahi laki.
ʻAʻole pilikia ʻo Cicadas i nā kānaka, hiki wale i kahi kuhi pilikino ke hoʻopili ʻia. ʻOiai i ka nāhelehele, waiwai nui nā cicadas ma ke ʻano he mea e ola ai no nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku, no nā kānaka he mau mea ʻino maʻalahi wale ia e ʻino pinepine ʻia me nā kemika. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale i kekahi poʻe mai ka mahalo i kā lākou sonorous chirping i ka wā hānau.
