ʻO ke kolamu, ma ke ʻano he mea o ka hopu holoholona, ua ʻike wale ʻia ma Rūsia i ka kenekulia 19 wale nō. ʻO ka nele o nā huluhulu waiwai i alakaʻi ʻia i kēia. Ua kala nā mea kalepa i nā ʻili a kūʻai aku iā lākou iā Kina ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka sable.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻahu maikaʻi ʻole o ka hulu i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo poʻe haʻi ʻōlelo ua nalowale kona waiwai kūʻai mua. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kānaka i loko o nā pahele e hoʻohālike i ka hulu maikaʻi aʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia nā huelo o nā holoholona e hana i nā kāhiko artistic premium.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka kolamu hihiu hihiu o ka ʻohana marten ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui (ʻo ke kino o ka lōʻihi mai ka waha a hiki i ka piko o ka huelo he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua mika) a kaupaona ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 800 g. Kolamu i ka kiʻi - holoholona nani me ke kūkulu paʻa me nā pepeiao pepeiao pōkole.
ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula o ke Kolamu Siberian, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma ka huelo, e māmā i ka hoʻoilo. Ma nā wāwae pōkole, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā membrane liʻiliʻi. Kū ka maka huna pouli i ka maka, a me ka palena keʻokeʻo e pili ana i nā lehelehe a me ka auwae.
I ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe o ka hāʻule, ʻo ka huluhulu hulu o ka holoholona he mānoanoa, a ʻo ka huelo, kahi e noho ana i ka hapakolu o kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa, he fluffy. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi mai ka hoʻoilo i ka hulu kauwela ma Malaki a mau a hiki i ʻAukake. ʻO ka huelo ka hope loa e hoʻokahe.
I kahi kapa komo kau wela holoholona holoholona leo nui flaunts ʻaʻole lōʻihi. I Kepakemapa hoʻi, hiki mai ka manawa o ka hoʻoheheʻe molt, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Hāʻule ka hulu i nā ʻōpala, e hana ana i nā pāhule ʻōhule ma nā ʻaoʻao, hoʻi. ʻO nā kani a ka weaela e wīwī nei, e kani ana, e hoʻowahāwahā ana.
Nā ʻano
Ma waho o ka laulā o Siberian, hoʻokaʻawale nā Zoologists i nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻano kolamu... ʻO Kepani, ka inoa ʻelua ʻo itatsi, i lawe ʻia mai. Sakhalin mai kahi. Hokkaido. He kino lahilahi ko kona mau lunamakaʻāinana, poʻo ʻihi. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka huelo i ka mink i ka nani.
ʻO ke kala, e like me ka ʻulaʻula o Siberian, akā me nā aka momona - peach, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻalani. Inā he ʻōpū o ka kolamu Siberia i mau mau leo ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kua, a laila pouli ka Kepanī. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka dimorphism moekolohe. Kaupaona nā wahine i ka hapalua. Me ka awelika o ke kino o ke kāne 38 cm, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wahine ma mua o 30 cm.
Noho ʻo Itatsi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mokupuni ma ka piko o nā kumu wai kū ʻole, nā awāwa kahawai. Ua pale nā kūlana o ke aniau i ka holomua i nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Ua heleleʻi nui nā holoholona ma muli o ka hopu holoholona, lawe ʻia mai sable a me ka mink. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i ʻekolu haneli mau kānaka.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka kolamu Kepani. Manaʻo kekahi iā itatsi ma ke ʻano he ʻano kaʻawale, kekahi ma ke ʻano he mokupuni.
Kolamu hikina loa, noho ma ka ʻāina nui, ʻokoʻa i nā mea kōkua Siberian i kahi o ka noho. ʻO ka laina hoʻokaʻawale o kā lākou mau noho e holo ana ma ka Zeya. E pili ana i nā huapalapala morphological, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka mālamalama o ka Loko Hikina Hikina.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO Kolamu kahi holoholona ʻAsia. Loaʻa ma nā panalāʻau mokupuni ʻo Iāpana, Kōlea, Kina. I Lūkia, noho i ka mokupuni, nā lau ākea ākea a huikau paha, nā lāʻau ʻoka ma ka hema o ka Hikina Hikina a me Siberia a i nā mauna Ural.
ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka wahi o ke kolamu ke kū ʻana o kahi waihona wai. Noho ia ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai o nā kahawai, ma kahakai o nā loko me nā mānoanoa, a i ʻole ma waho o nā kahawai i hūnā ʻia e nā mea kanu wai. Kū i nā ululāʻau ma nā pali mauna. Piʻi ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.8 tausani km ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Aloha i nā ululāʻau me ka nui o nā kumu hollow kahiko.
Ola ke kolamu ma kahi kokoke hoʻi i nā wahi e ʻumeʻume ai i nā lako meaʻai (ʻiole, ʻiole). Ke hana nei ʻo Kunyas i ka wā ahiahi a i ka pō, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike iki ʻia kēia. Hele pinepine ka holoholona i ka hopu holoholona i ke ao i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo o ka hau.
ʻAʻole like me ka sable, ke kali nei i ka mea pio, hele a puni ka teritori ʻo ka Siberian weasel e nānā ana ma lalo o ka lāʻau make, e nānā ana i nā lua. Hiki iā ia ke ʻeli a komo i loko o ka lua honua o nā rodents. ʻO kahiʻauʻau maikaʻi loa, loaʻa i ka kolokin ka meaʻai i nā kino wai.
Ma waena o nā mea haʻi ʻōlelo luuluu, ka mea waiwai ʻoi loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manawa me ka hoʻomake ʻole ma mua o nā mea hana i nā pantry hānai i loko o nā lua o nā lāʻau a i ʻole ke kanu wale ʻana i ka mea pio i ka hau. I hoʻokahi puka mai ka puʻuhonua, holo nā kolamu i ʻewalu mau kilomita e ʻimi nei i kahi pio.
Inā laki ʻo ia e hopu i nā pio nui, hoʻi ʻo ia i ka home, a ʻaʻole puka i waho i kēlā lā. Ma lalo o kahi e hoʻomoe ai, nā lua chipmunk, nā lua i haʻahaʻa mai ka honua, nā wahi ma waena o nā aʻa o ka lāʻau popopo, hoʻopili ʻia nā puʻu o nā lālā maloʻo.
I nā mahina mehana, ʻoi aku ka hana a marten. Kolamu i ka hoʻoilo i nā hau hau ʻino a i ʻole nā pā hau, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i kona wahi hoʻomaha no kekahi mau lā. Ma Sakhalin, ua kaulana kekahi mau itatsi i hoʻokahi hale. Manaʻo ka poʻe Siberia e hibernates ʻo marten i ka hoʻoilo nui. Akā wehewehe nā ʻepekema i ka ʻole e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hapanui o ka manawa e alualu ai nā holoholona ma lalo o ka hau, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike ʻia.
Lilo nā holoholona i ka nimble a me ka puni i ka hāʻule, ke hoʻoholo ʻia nā palena o nā pūnaewele hou ke ʻike ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio a ma Pepeluali ma mua o ka wā male. He holoholona noho wale ʻo Kolonok, teritori, akā pili ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna pūnaewele i ka wahi o ka noho ʻana.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā nānā ʻana e noho nei kekahi poʻe ma kahi hoʻokahi a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki, ʻoiai e neʻe ana kekahi i kahi lōʻihi i ka wā kau, i ka hoʻoilo, me ka nānā ʻole i ka lako o ka meaʻai.
Hoʻopili hou nā wahine i ko lākou ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻololi ka nui o ka pūnaewele mai ʻewalu hectare a i ʻelima mau kilomika kilomika. Me kahi kiʻekiʻena o ka noho ʻana, ʻaʻole mahalo nā holoholona i nā palena, ka pale ʻana i nā wahi hahai holoholona kokoke. ʻAʻohe o kā lākou holoholona ponoʻī i kā lākou ʻāina. Ke huki ʻana i ka meaʻai, uhi lākou a 15-20 km a kali i ka make o kā lākou mea hui e noho i kāna pūnaewele.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka neʻe mau ʻana o nā kau ma nā wahi mauna. I ka wā kauwela-kauwela, makemake nā holoholona i nā ululāʻau huikau ma nā pali, a kokoke i ka hoʻoilo e iho lākou i nā kahawai o nā kahawai. Hōʻike nā Zoologists i nā neʻe kūloko o nā kolamu e nā kahawai nui i hiki mai i ka makahiki, ke kahe ʻana o ke kahakai i ke kauwela.
Ma nā wahi ākea, i nā wahi kaona, ʻike ʻia nā martens ke hāʻule ʻiʻo ka nui o ka lako o ka meaʻai a i ʻole hāʻule ka hau he nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pulu mānoanoa. Maʻalahi ke kolamu e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā mākia ʻē aʻe e nā kapuwaʻi wāwae.
I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole lele ka holoholona, akā hele wāwae. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ala ka waiho ʻia o ka paw hope i mua o ka mua. I ka hoʻoilo, hana ia i nā lele like, ka awelika o ka mamao ma waena o ka hapalua mika ia.
ʻO Fox, wolf, sable, mink, lynx nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o ke kolamu. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā māmala, nā ʻaeto nui, aeto pueo, a me nā manu ʻekio e ʻimi manuahi. Hāpai nā ʻalopeke a me nā sables i nā poho he nui i nā helu. I nā waihona, hoʻokūkū ka kolamu me ka mink, i ke komo ʻana i kahi hakakā kūlike ʻole me ia. ʻO nā hihia o ka make ʻana o nā holoholona e ʻau ana ma kēlā kapa o ka muliwai mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā iʻa, taimen a me nā pike.
ʻAi pinepine ke kolinka i nā koena o nā pāʻani i lawe ʻia e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana me nā manu e hānai i nā koʻokoʻo, nā wea, nā ermine, nā nahesa, ʻo ia pū kekahi me ka parasite. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻeuʻeu a kipaku aku i nā mea kamaʻilio mai kā lākou ʻāina i noho ʻia e manaʻo ʻia e nā zologist he kūlohelohe. Hoʻi ʻo Sables i ko lākou wahi noho, noho ʻia i ko lākou wā i hele aku ai me ka poʻe malihini.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi nā mea kamaʻilio i ke ola i ka pio, akā koi nui i ka nānā a me ke ahonui. Makemake ʻo ia e komo i loko o nā āpau, piʻi i nā pale ma nā eaves, hiki ke ʻūlū i nā wāwae o nā keʻena. No laila, mālama ʻia ka holoholona i loko o ka pā, a mālama ʻia a holoholo a puni ke keʻena. ʻO ka noho ʻana i kahi keʻena e hoʻololi loa i ka nohona o ka holoholona. Hoʻoponopono ka mea leo nui i ke ʻano o nā hoʻokipa.
Kūʻai ʻia ka meaʻai ma kahi hale kūʻai holoholona, kahi e hāʻawi ai lākou ʻaʻole wale nā ʻiole ola, akā he meaʻai kūikawā hoʻi no nā ferrets. Aloha ka holoholona i ka wai, no laila pono ka wai i ka lawa kūpono a loaʻa a puni ka uaki.
E mahalo ia inā hāʻawi ʻoe i kahi manawa kūpono e pīpī i ka ʻauʻau. Hiki i nā mea ʻōlelo ke maʻalahi i ka pākeke. Me kahi noho lōʻihi, pili ʻo ia i nā lālā o ka ʻohana. Lilo i ke aloha, aloha stroking.
Meaʻai kūpono
I kēlā me kēia wahi e noho ai nā kolamu, ʻo ke kumu o ka papaʻai:
- ʻiole wai;
- ʻiole;
- chipmunks;
- nā polokina;
- nā manu o ka passerine a me nā kauoha moa;
- rana;
- ke koena o ka waiwai pio o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Ma Primorye, Priamurye, ma nā mokupuni mokupuni, ʻai ka kolinsky i ka salmon me ka hauʻoli. I nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻopau ʻia ka iʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa a ma ka hoʻoilo ka nui. ʻAi ʻia nā pikas ma Transbaikalia. Hoʻolahalaha ka ʻimi ʻana no muskrat i ka wahi o ka ululāʻau.
ʻOkoʻa nā mea haʻi ʻōlelo Yakut mai kā lākou ʻohana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā hares. I loko o nā wahi lawaiʻa, ʻai lākou i nā holoholona i paʻa i nā pahele, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe no nā lunamakaʻāinana o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
ʻO Grouse, grouse ʻeleʻele, capercaillie i ka hoʻoilo e peʻe ai i ka hau no ka pō, kahi e kōkua nui ai i ka ʻimi kolamu. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā rodents liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā mustelid ke holo i kanakolu mika ma lalo o ka hau. ʻO nā mea haʻi ʻōlelo he gourmets maikaʻi loa. Noho lākou i kahi manawa lōʻihi kokoke i nā hives hōʻino. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i nā rana, akā ʻai lākou iā lākou no ka nele o ka meaʻai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā hoʻoilo nui, e lawe ana iā lākou mai nā kino wai.
ʻAi nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā wahi noho. Alualu lākou i nā manu moa; ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia kaʻawale o nā pōpoki i nā pōpoki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea hōʻaiʻē holomua i nā koena ma nā panalāʻau o nā ululāʻau Hikina Hikina, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nohona a me nā ʻano o nā holoholona hihiu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I Pepeluali, ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻōlelo hou aʻe mai lalo o ka hau. Hoʻokele ʻia lākou e ka ʻano hānau. I kēia manawa, pīhoihoi nā kāne e ʻimi nei i mau hoaaloha, me ka nānā ʻole i nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina. I ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki, manaʻo ʻia ka holoholona he oʻo kolohe, mākaukau nā wahine no ka male ʻana mai ka hopena o Malaki a i ka waena o Mei.
Inā neoneo ka uhi a make paha ka puaʻa, a laila hiki ke hoʻohua i ka manawa ʻelua. Pono ʻoe i ka manawa ma mua o ʻAukake, ke hoʻopau nā kāne i ka moekolohe. Hoʻomākaukau nā wahine i ka pūnana i loko o ko lākou mau hale malumalu. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi uluna palupalu mai nā koena mea kanu maloʻo, nā hulu manu, nā lauoho holoholona.
Hāpai ka hāpai i 35 mau lā. ʻO ka maʻamau, kū mai nā ʻāpana he 5-7, ʻo ka helu keu ʻo 12. Hoʻokahi keiki ʻīlio i loaʻa i ka pūnana o ka Japanese Itatsi. Hānau ʻia kahi keiki kuli a makapō, i kahi kapa komo māmā. Hū nā niho mua i 15 mau lā, ka hihiʻo a me ka lohe ʻana i ka mahina.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka ʻahu huluhulu kahi ʻulaʻula ʻoi aku ka momona o ka momona, ʻike ʻia kahi pale maka ma ka waha. I ka manawa like, kolo ka mua mai ka pūnana mai. ʻO ka makuahine wale nō ke komo i ka hānai a hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Ke hele ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona, hoʻowalewale ʻo ia i ka puka o ka hale. Inā pono, pale wiwo ʻole i nā keiki.
ʻO nā mahina ʻelua mua ka hānai ʻana o ka pua i ka waiū, a ma hope hoʻi me nā rodent liʻiliʻi a me nā manu i lawe ʻia e ka wahine. I ka hāʻule, lilo ka ulu ʻōpio i ka nui o ke kanaka makua, haʻalele i ka hale, hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. I nā nursery a i ʻole ma ka home, ola nā mea ʻōlelo i 9-10 mau makahiki. I ka nahelehele - 2-3 mau makahiki. Aia kekahi mau kenekulia e make i nā kumu kūlohelohe i ka makahiki ʻeono.
