Ua aʻo ko mākou mau kūpuna e pili ana i ka giraffe 40 tausani mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ʻo Homo sapiens e mākaʻikaʻi iā ʻApelika. ʻO ka launa lōʻihi o ka poʻe me kēia mea kupaianaha i hōʻoia ʻia e petroglyphs, ʻo 12-14 tausani mau makahiki. Aia nā pōhaku ma ke komohana ʻākau o ko kēia lā Libya, ma nā pali o Wadi Metkandush.
ʻAʻole wale nā holoholona ʻApelika i kālai ʻia ma luna o lākou, akā ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kamaʻilio kanaka ʻana me lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana: i loko o kekahi o nā kaha kiʻi, noho ke kāne ma waena o kahi giraffe. He paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo he aha kēia: ka moemoeā o kahi mea pena a i ʻole nā hōʻike o ka hoʻāʻo e hana i kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO nā poʻe o Julius Caesar ka poʻe mua o ka mokuʻāina ʻEulopa i ʻike a mahalo i nā kamaʻāina kūwaho o ʻApelika. Ua lawe ʻia lākou i nā kūlanakauhale o ka Emepaea Roma e nā mea kālepa Arab. Ma hope o kekahi mau kenekulia, ua hiki i ka lehulehu o ʻEulopa ke nānā pono i nā giraffe. Ua loaʻa ʻia me kahi makana e ka Florentine Lorenza de Medici. ʻO kēia i ka 15 mau kenekulia.
ʻO ka hui like like o ka poʻe noho o ʻEulopa me ka hana mana ʻApelika ua hana ʻia 300 mau makahiki ma hope. I ka makahiki 1825, ua loaʻa ka Mōʻī Charles 10 o Palani iā ia ma ke ʻano he makana mai kahi pasha ʻAigupita. ʻAʻole wale ka haohao o ka suzerain a me nā ʻelele ʻelemakule, holoholona ua hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Karl Linnaeus i kahi giraffe i ka mea hoʻohālikelike holoholona ma 1758 ma lalo o ka inoa ʻōnaehana Latin ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis. ʻO ka ʻāpana mua o ka inoa mai ka huaʻōlelo Arab i hoʻokalakupua "zarafa" (akamai).
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka inoa ma ka ʻōlelo maoli "kamela leopadi". Hōʻike ka inoa ʻano ʻole o ka lālani kupaianaha i ko ka poʻe kālaikaola manaʻo nui ʻole e pili ana iā ia.
ʻO ka inoa Lūkia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai ka Lākina mai. No ka manawa lōʻihi ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka wahine wahine. A laila ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻano wahine a kāne. I ka ʻōlelo hou, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke kāne kāne, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hewa hewa ka "giraffe".
Hiki i nā giraffes ke hana i nā pūʻā nui me ko lākou mau hoanoho
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hiki i ka ʻenehana hou (ke kīwī, ka Pūnaewele) ke kamaʻāina me kēia artiodactyl me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka home. ʻO Giraffe ma ke kiʻi a i ʻole nānā maikaʻi ke wikiō. ʻO ka mea mua, kāhāhā ke ʻano o ke kino. He kua ihop i ke kino.
Hele ia i loko o kahi ʻāʻī elongated nui, kalaunu ʻia me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi (e pili ana i ke kino) me nā pepeiaohao. Lōʻihi nā wāwae, akā ʻaʻole nui. Ma ka wikiwiki o 55 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i kahi mea ola i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha i kekahi manawa.
Ka ulu ʻana o kahi kanaka nunui kokoke 6 mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāʻī ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, 1.8-2 mau mika. Ma ke poʻo, he pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi nā kānaka o nā kāne ʻelua, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, akā ʻelua mau pālua. I mua o nā pepeiaohao, aia paha kahi ulu oblique, e like pū me ka pepeiaohao.
Hōʻike nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ka lohe maikaʻi. ʻO nā maka nunui, ʻeleʻele, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā maka maka shaggy, hōʻike i ka ʻike maikaʻi loa. Hoʻonui ka lohe a me ka hihiʻo me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka manawa e ola ai i ka savannah ʻApelika.
ʻO ka ʻāpana kupaianaha loa o ke kino o ka giraffe ʻo ka ʻāʻī. No ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i ka ʻāʻī me kahi ʻohana (e like me ka mea) me ka vertebrae o kahi nui kūikawā. ʻO lākou ka 25 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine i ke ʻano o ke kino mai nā kāne, akā ʻo lākou ka 10-15 pakeneka ʻoi aku ka pōkole a me ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne.
Inā like nā nui a me nā kaulike o ke kino i nā ʻano āpau a me nā subspecies o nā holoholona, a laila ʻokoʻa ke kumu a me ke kala. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu laulā o ka ʻili he melemele-ʻalani. Aia ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa nā kikoʻula o nā ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a me nā aka hoʻololi. Aia kekahi subspecies kahi e like ai ke ʻano me ke kele ma mua o nā kiko. ʻLelo nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā giraffes me nā lauana like.
Kūlike nā ʻōpū o ka māmele me kona hiʻohiʻona kūwaho: nui loa a ʻaʻole maʻamau. Hiki i ka elelo ʻeleʻele i ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi. He mea hana maʻalahi a mana ia no ka hopu ʻana i nā lālā a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Kōkua ʻia ke alelo e kahi lehelehe lewa a maʻalahi hoʻi i luna, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lauoho e pale aku iā ia mai nā kākalaioa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka esophagus me nā mākala ulu e halihali i ka meaʻai i a mai ka ʻōpū. E like me ka ruminant, hiki wale i ka nau pinepine ʻana ke kōkua i ka digestion maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻōpū, nona nā ʻāpana ʻehā, kū i ke ala ruminant o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai. Giraffe, holoholona kiʻekiʻe loa, he ʻōpū kona 70 mika ka lōʻihi.
Ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau ʻoʻoi loa, ʻili a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻili e ʻae ai i ka hānai ʻana. Mālama pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā mea ʻino hānai koko. ʻO Fur, kahi e hūnā i nā repellents parasite, kōkua i ka pale. Hāʻawi lākou i ka holoholona i kahi ʻala hoʻomau. Ma waho aʻe o nā hana pale, hiki i ka pilau ke loaʻa kahi hana kaiaulu. ʻAla ikaika nā kāne a pēlā e ʻumeʻume ai i nā wahine.
Nā ʻano
I ka wā Neogene, ua kaʻawale mai nā dia like, ua kū mai ke kūpuna o kēia artiodactyl. Noho paʻa mua nā kānaka ʻino ma ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi, akā ua koi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano prehistoric e hoʻomohala hou aʻe. Akā i ka Pleistocene, hoʻomaka kahi anu anu. Nui nā holoholona nui i make. Ua hoʻemi ʻia nā zira i ʻelua ʻano: okapi a me giraffe.
Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o ka ʻāʻī o nā giraffes i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o Pleistocene. ʻO nā kumu kūpono o kēia kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne no ke alakaʻi a me ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai. Me ka ʻāʻī, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā wāwae a hoʻololi ke kino i ka hoʻonohonoho. ʻOiai ulu ulu kanaka makua ʻaʻole i hiki i ʻeono mika. Ma laila i ku ai ka hana evolutionary.
ʻO nā ʻano hou o nā giraffes me nā ʻāpana ʻeiwa.
- ʻO ka Nubian giraffe kahi lālā inoa inoa. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make. ʻO Sudan Hema, Sudan Hema a me ʻAtiopa komohana ka home ma kahi o 650 mau mākua. Hāpai kēia inoa inoa i ka inoa - Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis.
- ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā giraffes ʻApelika Komohana. Noho wale nā holoholona 200 ma Chad. ʻO ka inoa Lākina no kēia mau ʻāpana ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis peralta.
- Aia he panalāʻau o Kordofan ma Sudan. Ma kona panalāʻau aia kekahi o nā ʻano giraffe, i kapa ʻia ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum. I kēia manawa ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea kōkua ma ka hema o Chad, ma Cameroon.
- ʻO Kenya a me Somalia hema ka giraffe. Mai ka inoa maopopo leʻa i ke kumu ma ka ʻili o kahi giraffe e like me ke grid ma mua o nā kiko. Kapa ʻia kēia holoholona i kekahi manawa ʻo ka Somira giraffe. Ka inoa ʻepekema - Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata.
- Noho ka giraffe Rothschild (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) ma Uganda. ʻO ke kūpono o kona nalowale loa ʻana he kiʻekiʻe loa ia. ʻO nā kānaka āpau o kēia mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e pili ana i Uganda a me Kenya.
- Masai giraffe. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka inoa, pili kona wahi i nā wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻohana Masai. I ka Lākina, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi.
- Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Giraffe Thornycroft ma hope o ka luna Rhodesian ʻo Harry Thornycroft. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i nā manawa he Rirazira giraffe. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti i nā ʻāpana.
- Noho ka giraffe Angolan ma Namibia a me Botswana. Kapa ʻia ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis.
- Noho ka giraffe ʻApelika Hema ma ʻApelika Hema, Zimbabwe a me Mozambique. Hāpai ia i ka inoa ʻōnaehana Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa.
Kiʻi hou ʻia i ke kiʻi
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka mahele i nā ʻāpana a hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. Akā e loli paha ke kūlana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No nā makahiki he nui, aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻepekema e pili ana me ka ʻokoʻa loa i nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā mea kōkua. Ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea maoli i ka paio ʻepekema.
Ua kālailai nā kānaka ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui ʻo Goethe ma Kelemania i ka DNA o nā hōʻailona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. A ma kahi o hoʻokahi laha, a mākou i kapa aku ai he giraffe, ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia. Loaʻa iā lākou āpau ka inoa maʻamau "giraffe", akā ʻokoʻa nā inoa Lākina. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi Giraffa camelopardalis i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kahua.
- ʻākau nāhenahe (Giraffa camelopardalis),
- nāhena kai hema (Giraffa giraffa),
- Massai giraffe (Giraffa tippelskirchi),
- ʻelemakule retira (Giraffa reticulata).
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ʻehā mau lālā i kūlana kūlana. ʻO nā koena i koe subspecies. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o kahi hoʻohālikelike hou, me ka hoʻohui i ka ʻepekema nui wale, he noi pono. I kēia manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau mea i hoʻokahi ʻano i nā ʻano ʻehā. Hoʻemi ka nui o nā ʻano o ka laha ma ʻehā mau manawa. Hāʻawi kēlā i kumu e hoʻoikaika i ka paio e mālama i nā laha.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Aloha nā giraffes i kahi i uhi ʻia me nā mānoanoa o ka acacia, mimosa ʻApelika, lāʻau apricot, a me nā ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke loaʻa nā pua kauā liʻiliʻi ma kēia mau wahi. 10-20 mau holoholona i kahi kaiāulu.
Hana ʻia nā iwi kuamoʻo o ka hui i mau wahine. Hiki i nā kāne ke neʻe mai ka ʻohana i ka pipi a i ʻole alakaʻi i kahi bachelor, nohona kūʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pilina pili kaiāulu hou aku nei. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻaʻole pili wale nā giraffes ma waena o ke kaiāulu wale nō, akā me nā hoʻokumu pūʻulu ʻē aʻe i kahi mamao o hoʻokahi a ʻoi mau kilomita.
Hiki i nā hui ke neʻe i ka ʻahamele, no ka manawa hui i loko o nā pā nui, a laila haki hou.
I ka lua hoʻoinu, lawe nā giraffes i kahi kūlana maʻalahi loa
Ke holoholo nei kahi pūʻulu ʻōpala i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomaha ʻo Giraffes i ka pō. Noho lākou ma ka honua i kahi kūlana semi-recumbent, kūlou ke poʻo i ko lākou wāwae hope. Ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau hola ma ka honua, ala aʻe nā ʻōpelu a hele i kahi hele pōkole. Pono kahi loli i ke kūlana o ke kino a me ka hoʻomehana no ka hana maʻamau o nā mea nui o loko.
Hiamoe nā holoholona i kēia kūlana
He holoholona kūpono ʻole lākou. Akā ke ala kaiaulu o ke koi ʻana i ka hoʻololi o ka ʻike. Hōʻike ka nānā kokoke aia he mau leo. Hana nā kāne i ke kani e like me ka puʻe.
Kāhea nā makuahine i nā keiki bipi me ka uwō. ʻO ka ʻōpio, hum, humuhumu, a ʻū. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Infrasound no ke kamaʻilio lōʻihi.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO nā giraffes nā lāʻau lapaʻau artiodactyl. ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou papaʻai nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa-momona. Kekahi mau lau nahele, pua a me nā lau, aia ma ke kiʻekiʻena o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻoi aku i ʻelua mau mika, e hoʻohana ʻia. He kakaikahi kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū i kēia niche meaʻai.
E like me nā lau nahele a pau, he meaʻai nā giraffes iā lākou iho. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kahi holoholona olakino makua. Nui nā ʻenemi o nā pēpē a me nā mea maʻi. ʻO kēia nā felines nui, hyenas, ʻīlio hihiu.
ʻO ka maʻamau, kōkua ka nohona holoholona a me ka propensity e pale aku i ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana. Hoʻokahi pahi mai ka hoof o kēia pilikua hiki ke incapacitate i kekahi predator.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He polygamous nā giraffes, mai hana i nā paʻa paʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ke kāne i ka mākaukau o ka wahine e ka honi a hoʻāʻo koke e hoʻomaka i ka pā ʻana. Hōʻike ka kāne i kāna kuleana kope e ka hana ʻana i ka hakakā hoʻokahi me nā mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka hōʻeha nui ke kumu o ka hahau poʻo. Akā, ʻoiai ka mana o ka hahau, ʻaʻohe mea make.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine he 400-460 mau lā. Hānau ʻo ia i hoʻokahi keiki bipi, hānau ʻia he mau māhoe i kekahi manawa. Ua piʻi ka ulu o kahi keiki i 1.7-2 mau mika. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki iā ia ke holo a lilo i lālā piha o ka pā.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka giraffe a hana kope ʻia i ka pio. E like me ka mea hoihoi loa holoholona zoo, ʻōkalakala huki mau i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu. Hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ʻia ka hoihoi i waena o nā zoologists. Ke mālama ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana, ola ʻo ia (giraffe) a 20-27 mau makahiki. I ka savannah ʻApelika, hapa hapalua kona ola.
