ʻAe, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻoe he mea ola noʻonoʻo ʻole e hana i nā hana kau ma lalo o ka mana o nā impulses hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻano maikaʻi no ka rodent ʻākau liʻiliʻi, ka lemming, nona ka inoa i lilo i inoa home ma muli o kahi kaʻao hoʻopunipuni.
Kaao
Hōʻike ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ke holo nei nā lemmings, lawe ʻia e kahi ʻano ʻike ʻole, i nā pali kūiki a me nā kahakai i mea e hāʻawi manawaleʻa ai i ko lākou ola inaina.
ʻO nā mea nāna i hana i ka pepa moʻolelo "White Wasteland", i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā holoholona o Kanada, ua hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia mea hou.... Ua hoʻohana nā mea hana kiʻi i nā broom e hoʻokuke ai i ka lehulehu o nā lemema i kūʻai mua ʻia i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai, e hoʻokau nei i kā lākou pepehi kanaka iā lākou iho. A ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kū i ke ʻano maka i ka waiwai o ke alo.
Eia nō naʻe, ua alakaʻi hewa ʻia ka poʻe paʻi kiʻi paʻi pepa e nā moʻolelo i hiki ʻole ke hilinaʻi ʻia e pili ana i nā suicides manawaleʻa, ka mea i kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka emi nui o nā lemona.
Ua noʻonoʻo nā kālaolaola o kēia au i ke ʻano o ka emi koke ʻana o ka heluna o nā lemona, ka mea e nānā ʻole ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ke lawa ʻole nā ʻohana hamster i ka meaʻai, pahū ka heluna kanaka o lākou. Makemake pū nā pēpē i hānau ʻia, a liʻuliʻu e emi iho ka nui o nā meaʻai, ka mea e hoʻokau i nā lemu e ʻimi i nā mea kanu hou.
Kūleʻa wale kā lākou ala ma ka ʻāina: pinepine ka wai o nā kahawai ʻākau a me nā loko i hohola i mua o nā holoholona. Hiki i nā Lemmings ke ʻauʻau, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke helu mau i ko lākou ikaika a make. ʻO kēlā kiʻi, i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka neʻe nui ʻana o nā holoholona, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kumu o ka fable e pili ana i ko lākou pepehi kanaka ʻana.
Mai kaʻohana hamsters
ʻO kēia mau holoholona polar he ʻohana pili ia o nā leopadi pied a me nā voles. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā lemu i nā ʻano like ʻole: ʻāpana he hina-ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he mea ʻokoʻa, e keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā puʻupuʻu hulu liʻiliʻi (kaupaona ʻia mai 20 a 70 g) ʻaʻole e ulu ma mua o 10-15 knm me ka hoʻohui o ʻelua mau kenimika ma ka huelo. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui nā māiʻuʻu i nā wāwae mua, e lilo ana i ʻelua a i ʻole nā palule. Kōkua nā mākia i ka lemming i ke komo ʻole i loko o ka hau hohonu a haehae iā ia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka limu.
Uhi ka pae i nā moku o ka Arctic Ocean, a me ka tundra / ululāʻau-tundra o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema. Loaʻa nā lemona Lūkini ma Chukotka, ka Hikina hikina a me ke Kola Peninsula.
Hoihoi ia! Alakaʻi nā rodents i kahi ola ola, ʻaʻole hibernating i ka hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki, hana lākou i nā pūnana ma lalo o ka hau, e ʻai ana i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu.
I ke kau mahana, noho nā lemu i loko o nā lua, kahi a ka ʻololohi ʻōwili o nā ʻāpana he nui i alakaʻi ai.
Nā ʻano maʻamau
Makemake ke koʻokoʻo ʻākau i ka mehameha, ke hana pinepine nei i ka hakakā me nā lemmings e komo ana i kāna wahi hānai.
Hūnā pono kekahi ʻano lemming (ʻo kahi laʻana, lemming nahele) i ko lākou ola mai ka prying maka, ke kolo nei i nā hale hoʻomalu i ka pō.
He malihini hoʻi nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama makua ʻana iā ia: ma hope koke iho o ka moekolohe ʻana, haʻalele nā kāne i nā wahine e māʻona i ko lākou mau pōloli mau.
ʻOiai ko lākou nui hoʻomākeʻaka, mahalo nui ʻia ka makaʻu i ke ʻano o ke kanaka - hiki iā lākou ke lele a wīwī me ka hoʻoweliweli, e ala aʻe ana i ko lākou mau wāwae hope, a i ʻole, e noho i lalo a hoʻoweliweli i kahi mea komo hewa, e hoʻoluliluli nei i ko lākou mau alo i mua e like me ka mea hoʻokūkū.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopā, hōʻike lākou i ka huhū ma ka nahu ʻana i ka lima kīkoʻo... Akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau hana hakakā "formidable" ke hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka lemming: hoʻokahi wale nō ke ola mai iā lākou - lele.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kīʻaha lemming a pau i nā mea kanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me:
- limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- palaʻai;
- nā koʻokoʻo a me nā hua o nā blueberry, nā lingonberry, nā blueberry a me nā cloudberry;
- nā lālā birch a me willow;
- hoʻohiehie;
- nāhelehele tundra.
Hoihoi ia! No ka mālama pono ʻana i nā pae ikehu, pono i kahi lemu e ʻai i ʻelua mau manawa i ka nui o ka meaʻai ke kaupaona. No hoʻokahi makahiki, omo kahi koʻokoʻo makua ma kahi o 50 kg o nā mea kanu: ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka tundra, kahi e ʻahaʻaina ai nā lemmings, i kahi nānā i huhuki ʻia.
Kūpono ke ola o ka holoholona i kahi ʻoihana maʻamau, kahi e ukali ʻia ai kēlā me kēia hola ʻaina awakea e nā hola ʻelua o ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻomaha, i kekahi manawa i hoʻopili ʻia me ka moekolohe, nā hele wāwae a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻai ʻole i ka psyche o nā lemu... ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā mea kanu make a hoʻāʻo e ʻimi holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka meaʻai ke kumu o ka neʻe nui ʻana o nā rodents ma kahi mamao.
Nā ʻano lemu
Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina, mai 5 a 7 mau ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (e like me nā kuhi ʻokoʻa), ʻike ʻia e ko lākou wahi noho, a laila, hoʻoholo i ka nohona o nā holoholona a me nā makemake like ʻole o ka meaʻai.
ʻO Amur lemming
ʻAʻole ulu ma mua o 12 cm... Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia koʻokoʻo e kona huelo, e like me ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae o hope, a me nā kapua huluhulu o nā wāwae. I ke kauwela, ʻeleʻele ke kino, kāwele ʻia me nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma nā papalina, ka papa o lalo o ka waha, nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele mai luna mai, kahi e mānoanoa ai ma ke poʻo a ke hele i ka hope.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia kēia kaha, a e palupalu a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻahu, e loaʻa ana i ke kala ʻulaʻula like ʻole me nā kaha liʻiliʻi o ka hina a me ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO kekahi o nā lemu Amur he mau hōʻailona keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻae a kokoke i nā lehelehe.
ʻO Lemming Vinogradov
Noho kēia ʻano (a 17 knm ka lōʻihi) i nā wahi hāmama o ka tundra ma nā mokupuni... Mālama nā holoholona i ka nui o nā meaʻai lālā, makemake e ʻai i ka mauʻu a me nā laʻalāʻau.
Kupanaha loa nā Rodent burrows a like me nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi. I loko o lākou, hānau nā wahine i nā 5-6 cubs mai 2 a 3 mau manawa i ka makahiki.
Hoʻo lemu ʻia
Kupa o nā tundras arctic a me subarctic mai ke kapakai hikina o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a i ke kaha ʻo Bering, me Novaya a me Severnaya Zemlya. ʻO kēia rodent he 11 a 14 cm ka lōʻihi hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi e ulu ai ka limu, nā birch dwarf a me nā wilou, ma nā wahi pohopoho a me ka tundra pōhaku.
Ua loaʻa kona inoa mahalo i nā māiʻu waena ʻelua ma nā wāwae o mua, kahi e ʻike ʻia i ka hau i ka hau.
I ke kauwela, hina hina ka holoholona me nā māka rusty maopopo ma ke poʻo a me nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ka ʻōpū ke oho ʻeleʻele o ka ʻahu, ma ke kua he ʻōleʻele ʻeleʻele, ma ka ʻāʻī he "apo" māmā. Ma ka hoʻoilo, ʻike maka ke kala o ka hulu.
ʻAi i ka lau a me nā wana, nā ʻāpana lewa / blueberry a me nā cloudberry. Mālama ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai i nā lua, kahi e noho maʻamau ai kahi mau lemema i ke kauwela holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike nā pēpē (5-6) ma aneʻi a ʻekolu mau manawa o ka makahiki.
Hoʻololi i nā ʻākena causative o leptospirosis a me tularemia.
Lemahele nahele
ʻO ke koʻokoʻo ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i kaupaona ʻia a 45 g me kahi blot brown-brown ma ka hope... Noho i ka taiga mai Scandinavia a hiki i Kamchatka a me Mongolia (ʻākau), a ma ka ʻĀkau Lūkia. Koho i nā ululāʻau (coniferous a kāwili ʻia) kahi e ulu ai ka limu i ka nui.
Hāʻawi nā mea lemu o ka nahele i 3 mau litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hānau kēlā me kēia i 4 a 6 mau cub.
Manaʻo ʻia he lawe kūlohelohe ia o tularemia bacillus.
Nūhou lemu
Ke ulu nei kahi makua i 15 cm... Noho i ka tundra mauna o ka Kola Peninsula a me Scandinavia. Ke neʻe nei, hele hohonu i ka taiga a me ka ululāʻau.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui i ka meaʻai ka mea i hana ʻia i ka limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā cereal, nā lichen a me nā sedge, me ka hāʻawi ʻole i nā lingonberry a me nā blueberry.
Ua pena ʻia i ka motley, a huki ʻia kahi laina ʻeleʻele ʻōlinolino ma ke kua melemele-ʻeleʻele. Māluhiluhi e ʻeli i nā lua, nānā ʻo ia i nā hale noho kūlohelohe, kahi āna i hānau ai i nā keiki he nui: a i 7 keiki i hoʻokahi ʻōpala I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hoʻopuka ka wahine Norewama wahine i 4 mau litters.
ʻO lemona Siberia
Kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o nā lemu home ʻē aʻe, kū i waho no kāna momona kiʻekiʻe: loaʻa i kahi wahine a 5 mau litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a hānau kēlā me kēia i 2 a 13 mau pēpē.
Noho i nā wahi tundra o ka Russian Federation mai ka Northern Dvina ma ke komohana a i ka hikina o Kolyma, a me nā mokupuni i wae ʻia o ka Moana Arctic.
Ke kaupaona nei mai 45 a 130 g, hoʻolōʻihi ka holoholona a 14-16 kenimika... I ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela, like ke kala me ia - i nā leo ʻulaʻula-melemele me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e holo ana ma ke kua.
Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā moʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā sedges, nā kumulāʻau tundra. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho ia ma lalo o ka hau i nā pūnana e like me nā kinipōpō, i hana ʻia me nā koʻokoʻo a me nā lau.
He lawe ia o pseudotuberculosis, tularemia a me ke kunu hemorrhagic.
Hāmeʻa nohona
I ke anuanu, hehi kekahi mau lema i ka puʻu o ko lākou makemake e noho hoʻokahi a hui pū. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wahine me nā keiki i kahi panalāʻau, ʻoiai e holoholo nā kāne i nā ululāʻau a me tundra e ʻimi nei i nā mea kanu kūpono.
Inā he nui nā meaʻai a ʻaʻohe hau ʻino, ulu ka heluna i ka lemming, e hoʻonui ana ma lalo o ka hau a ʻoliʻoli i nā mea ʻānai e ʻimi nei i kēia mau ʻaʻa ʻākau.
ʻO ka nui o nā lemu i hānau ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu i ke ola o ka fox Arctic, ermine a me ka pueo keʻokeʻo.
Hoihoi ia! Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā rodents, ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo ka pueo i ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, me ka ʻike ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai i kāna mau moa. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā lemu e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻalopeke Arctic e haʻalele i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio mai ka tundra a i ka taiga.
Noho nā rodents kūpale i ka hau mai 1 a 2 mau makahiki.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hoʻoulu kahi ola pōkole i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka momona a me ka momona mua i nā lemona.
Komo nā wahine i ka wā hānau ma mua o 2 mau mahina o ko lākou makahiki, a hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻouluulu ke piha lākou i 6 mau pule. He 3 mau pule ka hopena o ka gestation a hoʻopau ʻia me nā lemema liʻiliʻi he 4-6. ʻO ka nui o nā litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻeono.
ʻAʻole pili ka hiki ke hoʻohua o nā rodents ʻākau i ka wā - ulu mālie lākou ma lalo o ka hau i nā hau ʻawaʻawa loa. Ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka hau, kūkulu nā holoholona i kahi pūnana, e kau ana iā ia me nā lau a me ka mauʻu.
I loko ona e hānau ai kahi hanauna hou o nā lemona.
