Makique Kepanī ʻO ka mōneka ʻano ʻē ma ka honua. ʻAʻole like ia me kona mau hoa akahai a thermophilic, noho ia i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka lua pele ʻo Kuttara e hiamoe ana a me nā hoʻoilo hau. Noho ʻo Macaca fuscata i ka anapuni o ka lua pele wela honua nui loa ..
Noho pū ka hau a me nā anuanu hau i ka hoʻoilo me nā kolamu o ka uahi a me ka mahu e hū mai nā ʻōpū o ka honua. ʻAʻole aʻo wale nā mōneka i ka noho ʻana i nā kūlana paʻakikī o ka mokupuni, akā ua launa pū nō hoʻi e hoʻohana i ka ikehu o ka honua. ʻO nā kiʻi maʻamau ʻole o nā mōneka e hele ana i loko o ka wai i waenakonu o ka hau a me ka mahu e kahaha me ka surrealism. Hele mai ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua e mahalo i kahi kiʻi ʻano ʻole.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: macaque Kepanī
ʻO Macaca fuscata kahi mammal chordate mai ke kaʻina o nā primates. Pili i ka ʻohana lehulehu o nā mōneka, nona nā ʻano he 20 a ʻoi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka 19, ua loaʻa a wehewehe ka ʻepekema i ʻelua mau lālā o ka macaque Iapana, a ma hope ua hoʻohui lākou i kēia mau inoa i loko o nā puke kūmole.
- Macaca fuscata fuscata, 1875;
- ʻO Macaca fuscata yakui Kuroda, 1941.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻīlio hau ma kahi o ka panalāʻau nui o ko Kepani Pae ʻĀina.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kolone nui loa i nā pāka aupuni:
- Ke Awāwa ʻo Hell, ka hui ʻāina Sikotsu-Toya o ka moku ʻo Hokkaido;
- ʻO Jigokudani, ka Monkey Park kaulana o Honshu ma ka ʻĀkau;
- Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park kokoke iā Osaka.
ʻO nā koena i loaʻa o nā macaqu mua e hoʻi i ka Pliocene mua. Aia ka laha ma mua o 5 miliona mau makahiki. ʻO nā koena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus e hōʻike nei ua ola kēia mau māmela i nā mammoths a ʻike i nā Neanderthals mua. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema hiki aku nā macaque Kepanī i nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana ma ke kaʻa ʻana i ka isthmus mai Kōlea i ka wā o Pleistocene Waena 500,000 mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: macaque Kepanī i ke kumu
Ma waho, ʻokoʻa nā macaque Kepani mai kā lākou congeners e ko lākou ʻili lōʻihi, ʻeono a ʻulaʻula. I Iapana, ua kapa ʻia lākou he ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka helehelena, nā ʻūlū a me nā puʻupuʻu e waiho mau ʻia i loko o nā mōneka. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pale mānoanoa ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka evolution a kōkua i ke ola i nā kūlana ʻano paʻakikī no kēia ʻano. ʻO ke kala mai ke kala a i ka hina a i ka brownish brown.
He kino liʻiliʻi ko ka Macaques. He huelo liʻiliʻi kā lākou, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me kahi iwi poʻo elongated o ka macaque. ʻĀmele nā maka me ka aniani melemele. ʻO nā Monkeys o kēia ʻano he ʻano naʻaupō a mākaʻi hoʻi ke ʻano.
Wikiō: Makique Kepani
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o kēia laha ma 12 kilokika. I nā macaque a Iapana, hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. Hiki i nā kāne nui a 11.5 kg a ulu a 60 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe. Kaupaona nā wahine ma ka awelika 8.4 kg me ke kiʻekiʻe o 52-53 cm.
Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā macaque Iapana a me ke aniau. ʻO nā macaque Kepanī i nā wahi hema e kaupaona ma lalo o nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi e nui ai ka hau i nā mahina hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā macaque Kepani e noho nei i nā kūlana maikaʻi ka nui o nā iwi poʻo ma mua o ka poʻe e noho ana i nā ʻano ʻoʻoleʻa. I ka wā ma mua, ka lōʻihi o ka iwi poʻo male ma ka awelika 13.4 cm, i nā wahine 11.8 cm. I ka hui ʻelua, hoʻemi iki ʻia ka iwi poʻo: i nā kāne - 12.9 cm, i nā wahine - 1.5 cm.
Ma hea e noho ai nā macaque Kepanī?
Kiʻi: macaque Kepanī i ka hoʻoilo
Noho o Macaca fuscata - nā mokupuni Kepani. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mākeke o kēia ʻano a puni ka moku o ka mokupuni a me ka pae ʻāina. Noho i nā ululāʻau subtropical a me subalpine. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae e hāʻule i nā nahele deciduous a me deciduous maikaʻi. ʻO kēia ʻāpana kahi mahana mahana o 10.9 ˚C a me ka awelika o ua makahiki 1,500 mm.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ko lākou laulā, noho nā macaque Kepani i nā ululāʻau ulu mau loa. Ma kēia ʻāpana, ʻo ka mahana mahana he 20 ˚C, a ʻo ka averiga o ka ua i 3000 makahiki. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka laulā holoʻokoʻa o ka laulā e nā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi. E iho ana nā pūʻulu primata i 2000 m i lalo no ka hoʻoilo. Noho nā macaque a pau o Iapana i nā mahina hoʻoilo ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa.
I ke kauwela, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mōneka ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a i 3200 mau mika. I loko o nā mahina hoʻoilo, iho pinepine nā hui i nā wahi hoʻomehana, ma ka 1800 mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā macaque Kepani wale nō ma ka waena konu o nā mokupuni. Noho lākou ma kahakai, i ka wahi o nā loko a me nā wahi pohopoho.
I nā makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia XX, ma ke ʻano he hoʻokolohua, lawe ʻia he 25 pālua o Macaca fuscata i kahi mahi holoholona ma Texas. Ua loaʻa nā moʻo iā lākou iho i nā ʻano ʻano maʻamau ʻole no kā lākou laha. ʻO kahi hoʻololi nui i ke aniau a me nā makemake o ka meaʻai e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei me ka luku ʻia. Ua make ka hapa nui o lākou. Akā ua hōʻike ka mōʻī hau i nā waiwai ola ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻololi a hoʻonui ʻia nā kāne.
Ma hope o 20 mau makahiki, ua ola a ua ulu ka lehulehu. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano kūpono ʻole o ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke kaohi hou i ka hui, ua pakele nā holoholona i loko o ka holoholona lōhiu o Texas maloʻo. ʻO nā mōneka i hāʻule i ka nāhelehele ka ʻeha o ka pōloli a me ka make wai. Ua ʻimi ʻia lākou e nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Ma hope o ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻoulu kuleana o nā holoholona, ua hopu ʻia nā mōneka a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kahi i pale ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai a ka macaque Kepani?
Kiʻi: Japanese Snow Macaque
He omnivorous ka macaque Kepani a ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole. Aia ma mua o 200 mau ʻano mea kanu i kā lākou papaʻai. ʻO ka papaʻai ka papaʻai o ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo. Nui ka ulu ma nā ululāʻau o Iapana i ka wā kau. ʻO nā lau aʻa momona, nā hua oʻo a pala hoʻi. ʻAʻole mālama nā Macaques i nā lau kanu makua, nā ʻanoʻano, nā nati a me nā aʻa ʻaʻala.
I ka pūnāwai, ʻimi nā mōneka i nā wana mua o ka ʻohe a me ka fern i nā lau o ka makahiki i hala. E ʻeli i ka mauʻu hou, hana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio ma nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. Ua waiho kekahi o nā meaʻai i ka nahele mai ka makahiki i hala. Loaʻa nā mōneka iā ia mai lalo o ka hau, nā lau i hāʻule, nā limu. Ma ka puna, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻike i ka nele i ka meaʻai. ʻAi ʻia nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, e ala aʻe mai ka hibernation i ke kali ʻana i ka mehana.
I ka pūnāwai, ʻahaʻaina nā moʻo i nā hua manu, kahi e hoʻomoe ai nā manu i nā kumulāʻau a i nā kuahiwi o nā kuahiwi. Makemake nā mōʻī hau i nā huaʻalalā, nā mea he nui i ka nahele malumalu a me ka mehana o Iapana a puni ka makahiki. E ulu nā ʻalā ma ka honua a ma nā kumu lāʻau. ʻIke nā mōneka pehea e loaʻa ai iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki.
Ma kahi o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai i nā nati a me nā hua. I ka hoʻoilo a me ka wanaʻao, ua koe nā nati mai ka hāʻule a paʻa, hāʻule nā hua hua ʻole i kaʻu kākau ʻana. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole kūpilikiʻi nā makika i ka nau ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka lepo. Huli lākou i nā invertebrates. Makemake nā macaque ma kahakai e huli i nā ʻōtio, iʻa, pāpaʻi a me nā mea kai ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Makika Japanese holoholona
ʻO ka macaque Iāpana kahi holoholona akamai, mālie a launa aloha me kāna ʻano o ke ola. Hāʻawi ke ʻike kiʻekiʻe i ka Macaca fuscata e ola i nā hoʻoilo lōʻihi lōʻihi ma mua o 120 mau lā. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho a me nā lula i hana ʻia i nā hui primate e kōkua i ke ola ʻana i nā mahana anuanu.
ʻOiai he mānoanoa a huluhulu lūlū nā macaque Iāpana, ʻaʻole lākou e pale i ka wai. Ke hele mai nei i loko o nā ʻauʻau wela i ka hoʻoilo, paʻa nā ʻīlio a hiki ke maʻi. I hiki i nā hoa ʻohana ke noho i loko o ka wai mehana me ka lōʻihi e hiki ai, e mālama ana kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka ʻāina. Ke noho nei i waho o ka wai, kiaʻi lākou i ka anapuni, kiaʻi no ka palekana, a hāʻawi i ka meaʻai i ka poʻe i koe i ka ʻauʻau. Aia a hiki i ko lākou manawa e hoʻomaha ai, hāʻule lākou i loko o ka wai.
Kamaʻāina nā macaque Kepani me nā mākau hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Holoi lākou i kā lākou meaʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ia i ke koena o ka lepo, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi ia ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā macaque Kepanī ke hoʻohana i ka wai e hoʻopalupalu i ka meaʻai. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ua pulu lākou i nā cereala ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻike ʻo Macaca fuscata pehea a aloha e leʻaleʻa ai. ʻO ko lākou leʻaleʻa he kau. I ka hoʻoilo, leʻaleʻa lākou i ka heʻe i ka mauna a me ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pōpō hau. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻomana, nā moʻolelo kahiko a me nā hana noʻeau o Iapana, a me nā ʻōlelo noʻeau a me nā ʻōlelo idiomatik.
Alakaʻi ka moʻo hau i ka nohona diurnal, kahi e hana ʻia i ka nui o nā lāʻau. Loaʻa i nā macaques Kepani kā lākou ala ponoʻī e kamaʻilio ai. Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kā nā ʻīlio kā lākou ʻōlelo ponoʻī ke pāʻani i nā kani. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana lākou i nā helehelena a me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo, me ke kōkua o lākou e lawe i ka ʻike a kamaʻilio. E hōʻike i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo, hoʻohana nā macaques i nā ʻano helehelena like ʻole, e hōʻike ana i nā niho, hāpai i nā kuʻemaka, a me ka hāpai ʻana i ko lākou pepeiao.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Baby Japanese Macaque
Noho nā Primates i nā hui. Ua kūkulu lākou i kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā kāne kāne Alpha ke komo i ka meaʻai ma mua, a laila nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka pūʻolo, e like me ko lākou kūlana.
Hāʻawi ʻo Macaques i nā mākau i loaʻa a me ka ʻike i kā lākou keiki. Palekana i ka ʻōpio, kaʻana like i ka meaʻai, kaʻana like i nā hōʻailona maʻamau e aʻoaʻo i ka pilikia. Mālama kekahi lālā o kekahi i kekahi, kōkua i ka ʻimi no nā parasite, a hana a mālama i nā pilina pili kai loko o ka pūʻali. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka mālama ma waena o nā kaikaina, ka manawa maʻamau nā makuahine a me nā kaikamahine.
Hoʻokumu ʻo Macaques i ka pilina paʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ka moena ʻana, ka hānai ʻana, ka hoʻomaha ʻana, a me ka huakaʻi ʻana i ka wā o ka moena. He kuleana ko nā kāne kāne Alpha e koho i wahine. Eia hou, haki pinepine lākou i nā pilina me nā kāne ma lalo o lākou i ka hierarchy. Pāʻina wahine me nā kāne o kēlā me kēia kūlana, akā makemake i nā mea koʻikoʻi. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka wahine e hoʻoholo.
Pau ka hāpai ʻana me ka hānau hānau 180 mau lā ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana. Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi keiki, kakaʻikahi loa i ʻelua. Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo makua ma hope o 6 mau makahiki, nā wahine ma hope o 4 mau makahiki. Hānau ʻia ʻo Cubs me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ma waena o ʻelima a me ʻeono pule o ko lākou mau makahiki, hoʻomaka nā keiki e ʻai i nā meaʻai paʻa a hiki ke hānai kūʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau makuahine ma mua o ʻehiku pule.
Hāpai nā wahine i kā lākou pēpē ma ko lākou ʻōpū no nā pule ʻehā mua. Ma hope o kēia manawa ma ke kua. Lawe pū nā kāne ʻelemakule i ka hānai ʻana o ka hanauna ʻōpio. Hana lākou me nā pēpē, hānai iā lākou a hali hoʻi iā lākou ma ko lākou kua, e like me ka hana ʻana a nā wahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka macaque Iāpana
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula Macaque Japanese
Ma muli o ka wahi hāiki kikoʻī, ka palena o ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā primates i ke ʻano. Hiki i nā hui ʻokoʻa o nā mōʻī ke loaʻa nā hoʻoweliweli kūlohelohe i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nohona o nā mea ʻaihue.
Hiki mai ka makaʻu mai ka honua, nā lāʻau a mai ka lani mai hoʻi:
- He ʻīlio kolohe ʻo Tanuki. Noho lākou ma kahi o Iapana a puni;
- Nā pōpoki hihiu - i loaʻa ma nā mokupuni ʻo Tsushima a me Iriomote. Aia ma lalo o 250 o lākou e waiho nei i ka nāhelehele;
- Noho nā nahesa ʻawahia i ka ʻāpana ulu lāʻau a me ka pohopoho o ka ʻāina;
- Nā ʻalopeke o ko Honshu ʻAilana;
- Aeto Kuahiwi - noho nā manu i nā wahi mauna o ka pae ʻāina.
ʻO ka makaʻu nui loa i nā mōneka, ʻo ia nō nā kānaka. Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā mahiʻai, nā lumberjacks a me nā poʻe hahai holoholona. Ke emi nei ka laulā o nā holoholona ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, kūkulu a hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pūnaewele ala.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā macaque Kepani ka luku ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho. Hoʻonohonoho kēia i ka mōlika e hoʻopili a loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma waho o kāna panalāʻau maʻamau. Ua pepehi ʻia ma kahi o 5,000 macaque i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai he ʻano lūlū ʻia ia, no ka mea, hoʻouka lākou i nā mahiʻai kokoke e ʻimi i nā meaʻai a laila luku i nā mea kanu.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo ʻana o ka macaque i nā mea kanu ahupuaʻa a hōʻeha nui i ka poʻe mahiʻai, ua wehe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻole ʻana no lākou. I ka makahiki 1998, ua luku ʻia he 10,000 mau macaque Kepanī. Ma hope o ka luku ʻole ʻia, lawe ke aupuni o ka ʻāina i ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka macaque Iapana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Monkey Japanese macaque
ʻO ka heluna nui o nā macaques hau ʻāhiu ma nā mokupuni o ke Kai o Iapana i ko lākou wahi maoli ma mua o 114,430 mau ʻīlio. I loko o nā makahiki, hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha kēia helu i ke ʻano kūlohelohe.
Maʻa mau nā holoholona i nā mokupuni nui a pau i Iapana.
- Hokkaido;
- Honshu;
- Shikoku;
- Kyushu;
- ʻO Yakushima.
ʻO ka heluna nui loa o nā macaques Iapana i loaʻa ma ka piko o ka mokupuni ʻo Honshu - ʻoi aku ma mua o 160 poʻo. Aia ka hema loa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Yakushima ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Iāpana. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka heluna kanaka i kāna mau ʻohana ponoʻī - M.f. Yakui. Aia ma mua o 150 mau kānaka i ka hui ma Yakushima. Noho kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi he 600 i Texas, USA a pale ʻia e nā hui mālama kūloko.
Ma waho aʻe o ka holoholona lōhiu, noho nā macaque Kepani i kā lākou kūlana maʻamau ma ka ʻāina o nā pāka aupuni o Iapana. Ma nā kikoʻī, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻīlio hau ma ka hōʻea ʻana i ka Sikotsu-Toya Lake National Park ma Hokkaido Island, ka Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park ma ka wāwae o Mount Mino ʻākau o Osaka a i ʻole ʻo Honshu Island ma ka Jigokudani Park.
Wahi a nā ʻepekema, kūpaʻa ka heluna kānaka, ʻaʻole ia he mea e hopohopo nui ai, akā koi ʻia ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama kanaka.
Ka mālama ʻana o ka macaque Iāpana
Kiʻi: nā macaque Kepani mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Mālama ke aupuni Kepani i ka palekana o ka laha. ʻO nā mokupuni Kepani ʻekolu o Honshu, Shikoku a me Kyushu kahi mālama mālama kūlohelohe a me nā pāka aupuni kahi e hiki ai i nā moʻo ke hoʻomohala a hana hou i ko lākou kūlohelohe. Noho nā kolone liʻiliʻi o nā macaque ma nā mokupuni āpau o ke Kai o Iapana.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Macaca fuscata i ka puke ʻula. Kūleʻa ke kūlana o nā laha a ʻo ia ke kumuhana o ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi e like me ka pae honua. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala, ma muli o ke ʻano kūpono ʻole o ke kanaka, aia ka macaque Iapana i ka make o ka make.
Wahi a ka US ESA, ua helu ʻia ka mōneka hau me he mea lā e ʻaneʻane pau loa. Ua helu ʻia nā lālā Macaca fuscata yakui mai ka mokupuni ʻo Yakushima ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane e ka IUCN. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, aia ma waena o 35,000 a me 50,000 macaqu i Iapana. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, hoʻopili nā hana a ke kanaka i ka ulu a me ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o nā macacha hau.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o nā hui macaque e hoʻouka nei i nā kauhale a hoʻoweliweli i nā kamaʻāina, alualu ʻana iā lākou a kāʻili ʻana i ka meaʻai mai nā lima o nā keiki. Hoʻopiʻi ka Macaques i nā ʻāina o kānaka ʻaʻole wale no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, akā i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai mehana. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai nā moʻo, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻolako i nā kumuwaiwai he nui no nā macaque mai Nagano. Ua hana kēia ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mōʻī e hopu i ka ʻāina o ka hale hoʻokipa kaulana.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā keʻena hanai e hoʻopakele i nā macaque a pale i ko lākou ala i loko o nā mahiʻai kokoke i hoʻi i hope i kekahi manawa, mai ka hana ʻana o ka poʻe macaque i kēia mau wahi.
Makique Kepanī He holoholona ʻano ʻokoʻa ia. ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea ola ma ka honua ʻē aʻe ma waho o nā kānaka, ke hoʻohana maʻalahi nei i ka wela o ka honua no ke ola. Ua hoʻomohala nui i nā ʻike ʻepekema. ʻAʻole makaʻu i ka wai a ʻau i loko o ke kai ākea no hoʻokahi mile a keu paha e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai a i kekahi manawa hoʻokipa. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ka mōneka hau me nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Ka lā paʻi: 04/14/2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 20:37
