Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā lemmings he mau māmele liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā zoologists ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka ʻohana hamster. Ma waho a me ka nui, ʻano like lākou i nā ʻohana i kapa ʻia. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma lalo o ka inoa "lemona»He mea maʻamau ke hoʻohui i kekahi mau pūʻulu holoholona i ka manawa hoʻokahi, kahi e pili pono ana kekahi i kekahi a pili i ke ʻano o nā rodents mai ka ʻohana vole.
ʻO ka hulu hipa o kēia mau ʻelele o ka honua holoholona he lōʻihi waena, mānoanoa, hiki ke ʻeleʻele-hina i ka malu, monochromatic, i kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi kala ʻokoʻa. ʻIke nui kēlā mau holoholona i ka momona a me ka momona. ʻO ka hulu ma ko lākou poʻo, elongated i ke ʻano, uhi pono i nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi.
A ma ke koena o ke kino, huli ka hulu i ka ulu a paʻa loa a hūnā hoʻi i nā kapuaʻi ma nā wāwae o kekahi ʻano. Kū nā maka o nā lei-maka ma kahi waha i kuhi i nā outlines. Pōkole loa nā wāwae o kēia mau mea, ʻaʻohe o ka huelo ma mua o 2 cm ka lōʻihi.
Palemona – holoholona tundra a me kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻāina ʻākau e like me: nā ululāʻau-tundra a me nā mokupuni Arctic, a no laila i kekahi mau ʻano, ʻālohilohi ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lauoho i ka hoʻoilo a loaʻa i kahi kala keʻokeʻo e kūlike me nā kahakai hau e pili ana. Loaʻa ia mau holoholona i nā wahi anuanu o Eurasia a me nā panalāʻau i uhi ʻia e ka hau o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
Nā ʻano
Nui nā laha o kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka fauna ʻākau, a he mea maʻamau, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa, e hoʻohui i nā mea āpau i ʻehā moʻomeheu. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano (ma kahi o ʻeono o lākou) nā kamaʻāina o nā panalāʻau Lūkia. E noʻonoʻo e like me ke kikoʻī, a ma ke kikoʻī e ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou helehelena i ke kiʻi o nā lemona.
1. Lema lemu Siberia... Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau holoholona me he lemona maoli. Nui lākou i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ko lākou mau hoahānau. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne (ʻoi aku lākou i nā palena i nā wahine) hiki i 18 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau gram.
ʻO kēlā mau holoholona i kahi melemele-ʻulaʻula me kahi kāwili o ka brown a me nā hina hina o ka hulu i kekahi mau wahi. ʻO kahi kikoʻī kaulana o ka helehelena kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e holo ana mai luna a waena ma waena o ke kino holoʻokoʻa a i ka hiʻu.
I kekahi mau heluna kanaka, no ka laʻana, kēlā poʻe e noho ana ma nā mokupuni ʻo Arctic Lūkini (Wrangel a me Novosibirsk), ua kahakaha ʻia ke kua o ke kino me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele nui. Noho kekahi mau mea kōkua ma ka ʻāina nui. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina tundra a me nā mehana o nā ululāʻau-tundra ma nā moku ʻo Arkhangelsk a me Vologda, a me nā ʻāina ʻo Kalmykia.
ʻO ka lemming Siberian kahi kala ʻokoʻa
2. ʻO Amur lemming... E like me nā lālā o ka laha ma mua, pili kēia mau holoholona i ka genus o nā lemu maoli. He kamaʻāina lākou o nā ululāʻau taiga. Hoʻomohele ʻia mai nā ʻĀkau o Siberia a neʻe aku ka hikina, a i Magadan a me Kamchatka.
Ulu lākou i ka lōʻihi ma o 12 cm. I ka hoʻoilo, silky ko lākou huluhulu, lōʻihi, i ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka hoʻohui o ka hina a me ka hoʻopā o ka popo. ʻEleʻele kā lākou kākahu kauwela me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ke kua.
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ka lemura Amur e ka ʻāpana pouli ma ke kua
3. Lemahele nahele - ke ʻano wale nō o ka genus o ka inoa like. Noho ia i nā ululāʻau coniferous, akā me ka nui wale o ka lumina, i ka pākeke e hana ai nā mea e hana i nā tunnels. Noho lākou ma ka ʻākau o Eurasia, hoʻolaha ākea: mai Nolewai a Sakhalin.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻohana i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ʻo ka nui o ka lemming o kēia ʻano he liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 10 cm). ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i nā palena o nā kāne, akā ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ma mua o 45 g.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ia mau holoholona ke kū ma ke kua, uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu hina a ʻeleʻele, kahi kiko pala-pala (i kekahi manawa e pālahalaha ana mai ke kua a i ka hope loa o ke poʻo). ʻO ka hulu o nā holoholona ma luna he sheen metallic, ma ka ʻōpū ʻoi aku ka māmā.
I ke kiʻi lemu nahele
4. Nūhou lemu pili pū i nā lemema maoli. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻāina mauna-tundra, ma Nolewai, a ma ka ʻākau hoʻi o Pinilana a me Kuekene, ma Rūkia kahi e noho ai ma ke Kola Peninsula.
ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona ma kahi o 15 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 130 g. ʻO ka pena kala ʻeleʻele-hina me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. ʻO kēlā holoholona i ka maʻamau he umauma ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻāʻī, a me kahi ʻōpū ʻāhinahina-melemele
5. Hoʻo lemu ʻia - kahi laha mai ka genus o ka inoa like. Ua loaʻa kona inoa no kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi. I mua, ma nā manamana waena o kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi, ulu nui nā māiʻuʻu a hana lākou i nā "ʻupena" e like me ka ʻōʻō.
I ka helehelena, hoʻohālikelike kēia mau lunamaka o nā holoholona i nāʻiole me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Noho lākou i nā wahi anuanu mai ke Kai White a hiki i Kamchatka. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hoʻololi lākou i ke ola i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi.
Palupalu ko lākou huluhulu, manoanoa, a uhi nō hoʻi i nā wāwae. I ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo maoli ia i ke kala, i ke kauwela he hina ia me kahi kala, ʻeleʻele a melemele paha, i kahakaha ʻia e kahi ʻāpana pouli lōʻihi. ʻO nā holoholona nui loa o kēia ʻano ulu a 16 cm, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - a i 11 cm.
Ua loaʻa i ka lemming hoofed kona inoa mai ke ʻano o kāna mau paws.
6. ʻO Lemming Vinogradov mai ka genus o nā lemu hoofed. A ma kahi ma mua iki, ua kuhikuhi wale nā ʻepekema i nā subspecies o ka lemu hoofed, akā i kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia he ʻano kūʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia kēlā mau holoholona i ka Arctic expanses ma Wrangel Island, a ua loaʻa ko lākou inoa i ka hanohano o ka ʻepekema Soviet Vinogradov.
Nui lākou i ka nui, ulu a 17 cm. He kala hina-lehu ko lākou ma luna me ka hoʻohui o ka chestnut a me nā wahi kalima, a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula a me ka malamalama ma lalo. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano he liʻiliʻi i ka helu a he kūlana mālama kona.
ʻO ka laha liʻiliʻi loa o nā lemmings - Vinogradov
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Nā wahi pohō wai o tundra ululāʻau, tundra mauna a me nā wahi i uhi ʻia i ka hau e ka hau - ʻo kēia ke kūpono wahi noho lemu... Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia kēlā mau holoholona i kēlā me kēia kanaka, a no laila ʻaʻole e hana i nā kolone, e hōʻalo nei i ke kaiāulu o kā lākou ʻano.
ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi ka collectivism iā lākou, akā ʻo ka hopohopo wale no ko lākou pono iho ke kumu o kā lākou makemake nui. Hōʻalo a makemake ʻole lākou i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka honua holoholona, a me ko lākou mau hoahānau ponoʻī.
Ke lawa ka meaʻai na lākou, koho kēia mau holoholona i ke ola i kekahi mau kikoʻī, kūpono no lākou a alakaʻi i kahi noho ma laila, ʻaʻole e waiho i ko lākou wahi maʻamau me ke kumu ʻole, a hiki i ka pau ʻana o nā kumuʻai i laila. ʻO nā lua i ʻeli ʻia e lākou iho kahi home no lākou, kahi a lākou e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻokaʻawale aku mai nā wahi noho o nā lemu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kahi hōʻuluʻulu nui o lākou i nā pūnana kū wale i ka hoʻoilo a he ʻano wale ia no kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO nā waiwai o kēlā me kēia holoholona i kekahi manawa i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana wili nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili i nā mea kanu a me nā micro-relief o kahi i noho ʻia e nā holoholona.
Nā Lemmings – holoholona o ka arctic... No laila, ʻo nā labyrinth i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e lākou i loko o ia mau wahi e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka hau. Akā ʻo kēlā mau laha e noho ana i ka wahi ululāʻau-tundra hiki ke kūkulu i nā hale semi-open i ke kauwela, kūkulu iā lākou mai nā lālā a me nā limu.
I ka manawa like, haʻalele nā ala i hahi ʻia e kēia mau mea i nā ala like ʻole, a neʻe nā holoholona me lākou i kēlā me kēia lā, e ʻai ana i nā greens a puni. Ke hoʻomau nei nā paukū like i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā lemu i ka hoʻoilo, e lilo ana i labyrinths ma lalo o nā hau i nā manawa paʻakikī.
ʻO ia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou nui a ʻaʻole like me ke ʻano o ke kaua, huli pinepine i ke koa loa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea ua hānau ʻia lākou a hānai ʻia i nā ʻano ʻoʻoleʻa loa, a no laila paʻakikī i nā paʻakikī. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā Lemmings he hakakā, akā, ke pale ʻana iā lākou iho, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā mea ola i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou i ka nui: nā pōpoki, ʻīlio, a me nā kānaka.
A no laila makemake kekahi kanaka e makaʻala iā lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hana iā ia i mea ʻino nui. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke nahu. ʻO ia mau holoholona e lilo i mea hakakā i nā manawa paʻakikī me ka nele o ka meaʻai.
I ka hui ʻana me ka ʻenemi, kū lākou i kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli: kū lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae hope, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano kaua me ko lākou helehelena holoʻokoʻa, a hoʻopuka i kahi uē kaua.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka lemu
Akā i nā manawa maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau mea i ka akahele loa, a i ka lā ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou mau hale noho no ke kumu ʻole. A i ka pō makemake lākou e hūnā ma hope o nā hale like ʻole, e laʻa me nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā mānoanoa o ka limu.
I kēia pili, pilikia nui nā ʻepekema me ka hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka helu o nā lemona e noho ana i kahi wahi. A ke hōʻike wale nei i ko lākou alo i kekahi mau wahi i kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe nui ka manawa.
ʻAʻole lawe ka Lemmings i kahi pōmaikaʻi nui i nā kānaka, akā he mea nui ia no ka kaiaola tundra. He ʻalopeke arctic ko lākou mau ʻenemi, nā wea, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke, a i kekahi mau hihia nā geese ʻāhiu a me nā dia. Weliweli loa nā pueo a me nā ermines no lākou.
A ʻoiai ko lākou koa, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau koa liʻiliʻi ke pale iā lākou iho mai nā lawehala. Eia naʻe, ke hāʻawi nei wehewehe lemming ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻole ʻia, e lawelawe ana i meaʻai na nā mea ola i helu ʻia, pāʻani kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou ponoʻī, hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou e ke kūlohelohe, ke kuleana i nā ola o ka ʻĀkau.
Meaʻai kūpono
He mea hoihoi ka nui o nā holoholona ma kēlā ʻano holoholona liʻiliʻi. I ke ao, ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka meaʻai a ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna kaumaha i kekahi manawa i kā lākou iho e nā manawa ʻelua. A inā mākou e helu i ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka hānaiʻai i hoʻopau ʻia e lākou, a laila hiki a loaʻa i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa he 50 kg.
I kēia hihia, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi o nā holoholona mai kēia ʻano huahana, no ka laʻana, nā hua, lumi, mauʻu hou, nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio o nā ʻano mea kanu ʻākau, nā laʻalāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻAi i nā mea āpau a puni hoʻokahi pūnaewele, neʻe lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou o ka meaʻai. I ke kauwela, hiki i nā kolo ke lawelawe me he mea ʻono lā.
Hiki i nā Lemmings ke ʻānai loa i nā anela dia
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopihapiha i nā mālama ikehu i kou kino liʻiliʻi (a aia mau ka hemahema o lākou i nā wahi ʻoʻoleʻa ma waena o nā mea ola) ʻōmaʻomaʻo rodent Pono wau e ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Eia kekahi, nā anela dia, i ʻike ʻia e hoʻokahe i kēlā mau holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me nā lemu i kekahi manawa e ʻuwī iā lākou, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i kahi koena liʻiliʻi.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke lanakila ma luna o nā mea keakea, piʻi i luna o nā waihona wai a piʻi i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻO ka manawa pinepine pau ka ʻai nui i ka weliweli no lākou. Pepehi ʻia nā Lemmings, wāwahi ʻia ma nā alanui e nā kaʻa, a make i ka wai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Palemona – holoholona, ʻike ʻia e ka momona momona. I ka manawa like, hoʻonui ka nui o ia mau mea, ʻoiai ke ʻano paʻakikī, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokumu kekahi wahine i ʻelua mau moa i kēlā me kēia makahiki (ke lawa ka meaʻai, aia paha he ʻekolu a ʻoi paha nā ʻāpana, i kekahi manawa a ʻeono), a i kēlā me kēia o lākou, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelima mau keiki, a i kekahi mau manawa, hānau he ʻumi o lākou.
Nā keiki lemu
A hiki i nā kāne kāne ʻelua mahina ke hana kope. Akā ua kūpono loa kēlā ʻano ʻōpio, no ka mea maʻamau ke ola nei kēia mau holoholona ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki a make pinepine i ka wā ma mua no ka pilikia o ka nohona a me ka nele o ka meaʻai kūpono.
Hānai hānai ʻia nā lemu pēpē i nā pūnana nāhelehele. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano noho i nā helehelena nui loa. Akā ma hope o ʻelua mau pule wale nō, hoʻopau ka hassle o ka ulu ʻana i kahi hanauna hou, a ʻo ka ʻōpio, waiho ʻia iā lākou iho, hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻOiai e hana ana nā wahine i ka pua, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi pūnaewele pūnana, hele nā lunamakaʻāinana kāne o ka genus o lemmings, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua laha lōkahi lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā panalāʻau momona.
Hoʻopaʻa ka ʻepekema i ka piʻi nui o ka nui o ia mau holoholona ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mau makahiki. I ka hanana i kū nui kēlā ʻano lele, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻē hoihoi i ka lawena o nā lemona.
Hoʻokele ʻia e kekahi alakaʻi o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, ʻike ʻole lākou i ka makaʻu, neʻe i kahi hohonu, kai, loko a me nā kahawai, kahi e make ai ka hapa nui o lākou.
ʻO ia mau ʻike i hāpai aʻe i nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka manaʻo pepehi kanaka lehulehu o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ka wehewehe ʻana ma aneʻi, e like me ka manaʻo o ka ʻepekema i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wahaheʻe iki i ka makemake e pepehi kanaka. I ka ʻimi wale ʻana i nā panalāʻau hou no ke ola, nalowale loa ka nalowale o ko lākou ʻano mālama ponoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka manawa, ke ʻike nei i nā ālaina, a no laila ua make lākou.
