Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻIke ka poʻe āpau mai ka wā kamaliʻi he huahana olakino, momona a kupaianaha hoʻi ka meli. ʻAʻole ia e nāwaliwali, mālama ʻia no nā kenekulia, hoʻōla mai nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, loaʻa kahi papa o nā mea i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia no ke olakino a me nā ʻenekini kū hoʻokahi.
Eia kekahi, ua ʻike kēlā me kēia keiki he hua maoli ka meli e nā kolo i kapa ʻia nā pi. ʻO kēia mea ka nectar o nā pua, hoʻololi ʻia i kahi ala kūikawā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻeli ʻia i kahi pae i ka goiter o kēia mau mea melliferous liʻiliʻi.
Ma kahi o nā nalo meli - nā kolo luhi ʻole i kā lākou hana nui, hāʻawi ʻole i nā kānaka wale nō, akā me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe he nui ma ka Honua me kahi huahana waiwai a hiki ʻole ke pani ʻia, a e hele kā mākou moʻolelo.
ʻO ka pipi – pepeke, me ka nui o ma kahi o 3 cm. ʻO kona lole kala i haku ʻia me nā kaha ʻeleʻele, kahi e kūlike me nā wahi melemele-ʻalani. Hoʻopili piha ʻia kēia mau mea ola me nā huluhulu e hana i nā hana pale a pāʻani i ke ʻano o nā lālā o ka hoʻopā.
Mahalo i nā pi, loaʻa i nā kānaka kahi huahana waiwai a kūpono - ka meli
Māhele ʻia ko lākou kino i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana, hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia e nā membrane lahilahi lahilahi. ʻO ka mua ke poʻo liʻiliʻi; ukali ʻia e ka umauma - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahi o ke kino; aʻo ka pauku hope loa aʻo ka mea nui i ka nui ka ʻōpū.
Hōʻike pololei kēia mau loulou kino āpau kiʻi pi... Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻeono mau wāwae o kēia mau mea ola a hāʻawi ʻia ʻia me ʻelua mau hui lahilahi, ʻokoʻa ka nui, nā ʻeheu e pili ana kekahi i kekahi i ka lele ʻana ma o nā lou microscopic.
Hoihoi a paʻakikī hoʻi nā manaʻo o ka pi. ʻO ka mea mua, ua komo kēia mau maka me nā maka, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nō i ka ʻelima. ʻElua mau maka hui, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo, kūkulu ʻia i nā helehelena maikaʻi. Nui loa kā lākou helu, ka nui o nā mea microscopic he mau kaukani.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka nalo meli ke alo o ʻelima mau maka
ʻEkolu mau maka maʻalahi, aia lākou ma ke kalaunu o ka ʻūpala. A ʻo kēia mau ʻāpana āpau o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike i ka pi e ʻike i nā kukui polarized a me nā kukuna ultraviolet. Hiki i kēia mau mea ola ke ʻike i nā kala polū a me nā melemele, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻulaʻula o ka ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā antennae ma ko lākou poʻo e lawelawe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻala o ka honi, a eia kekahi, kōkua lākou iā lākou i ke anuanu a mehana, e hoʻoholo i ka wela a me ka nui o nā kinoea i ka ea. Hiki i nā pi ke lohe me ko lākou mau wāwae a me kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino. ʻO ka proboscis lōʻihi ma ke poʻo e ʻae iā lākou e ʻohiʻohi i ka nectar pua, a aia pū nā mea ʻono o ka ʻono ma luna.
Pili nā pi i kahi kauoha nui o Hymenoptera. A pili lākou, me nā nalo e like me lākou ma nā ʻano he nui. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia nā naonao he pili pili i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia a me ko lākou mau hoahānau i ke kauoha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i pili i ka mahele nā mea kolo, pi-like.
ʻOi aku, ʻo kekahi mau ʻano nalo e like me kā mākou mau mea melliferous, no ka laʻana, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo hoverfly. He ʻōpū ʻōniʻoniʻo hoʻi kona me ka ʻalani, a hemo pū i kahi buzz like. ʻO kēia kahi laʻana nui o ka maʻalahi, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā biologists, mimicry.
ʻO ia, hāʻawi ke ʻano i kēlā lele me ke ʻano o nā pepelu ʻino, nona ka pi, i mea e pale aku ai iā ia iho. No laila, i ka nānā wale ʻia ʻana, maʻalahi ka huikau o kahi pi me kahi hoverfly.
Nā ʻano pi
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻike ʻia kahi nui o nā ʻano pi. Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma mua o ʻelua mau tausani o lākou a puni ka honua. Māhele ʻia nā nalo meli i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: home a hihiu.
ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā e hānai ana nā kānaka i kēia mau ʻano ʻelala no ka meli mai ka wā kahiko mai. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō, akā ʻo nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe hoʻi: propolis, wax a me nā lāʻau make lāʻau. Akā kū i ke kūlohelohe a nalo meli hihiu.
Ua liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui. E kapa ʻia ko lākou kala, primitive, ʻaʻole lilelile loa kona mau aka, akā muted, a me nā kala i ka hapa nui monochromatic. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka umauma o ka mea ʻaʻano me ka pūpū pale.
ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā lauoho ma ko lākou kino ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa i loko o ka hale, e pāʻani ana i ke kapa huluhulu o nā kolo, e hoʻopakele iā lākou i nā wā maikaʻi ʻole o ke aniau a me ke anuanu.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā pi ʻāhiu ma mua o ko ka home
ʻO nā ʻano nui o ke aupuni pi, pono e hōʻike i nā mea hoihoi loa. A ʻo nā mea mua e haʻi ʻia he pi mau. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, kahi ʻelima kaukani mau ʻano. I waena o lākou:
1. Nā meli meli - ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano meli e like me ia i hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ai e ka poʻe a no laila ua ʻike nui ʻia lākou. I ka manawa mua, ua loaʻa i ko mākou mau kūpuna mamao loa i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau kahi hale no ia mau ʻano ʻino a lawe i ka meli iā lākou. Akā hoʻomaka mālie lākou e hānai iā lākou, e waiho ana iā lākou i nā lāʻau, i kūkulu ʻia i ka ʻili a i hana ʻia i ka pālolo.
Ma hope loa aku, ua hoʻomaka lākou e kūkulu hale no kēia mau mea melliferous, i kapa ʻia ʻo hives. A ua haku lākou i kahi kiʻi maʻalahi e hoʻohana. Maʻalahi loa e lawe i ka meli mai ia mau hale a me nā waihona meli i loaʻa iā ia.
2. ʻO ke ʻano ʻo Bumblebees kahi ʻano o nā nalo meli ma nā ʻano like a like me kā lākou mau meli. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o ia mau ʻano ʻelala. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina āpau o ka Hemoleka ʻAkau. Ma waena o ko lākou mau hoahānau, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka kaulana o ka pale anuanu loa. Ma ke ala, hoʻonui nui kēia i ko lākou manawa e ola ai.
Loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e lele i waho e ʻohiʻohi i ka nectar i ke kakahiaka nui, i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻomehana ʻia ka ea e nā kukuna o ka lā mālie a i ʻole ka lā kau wela. No laila, aia lākou i mua o kā lākou mea hoʻokūkū a hōʻiliʻili i nā mea ʻono āpau loa mai nā pua a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻOkoʻa ka lole o kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka bumblebee. Loaʻa i kekahi o lākou i nā kaha melemele e kūlike ana me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻo kekahi ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻeleʻele loa.
Pili pū ʻo Bumblebees i ka ʻohana pi
Aia ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia aupuni o nā mea kolo he mau pilikua maoli, kahi i ʻike ʻia pi hou akui maʻa iā mākou a pau. ʻO kahi laʻana kikoʻī o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o ka genach megachil. A he mea kupaianaha maoli kā lākou nui, no ka mea hiki i ko lākou ʻēheu ke piʻi i 6 cm. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau meli ke hoʻohua i ka meli. Noho lākou i nā kolone a kaulana lākou no ko lākou kūpikipiki.
ʻO ke kamana kiʻi pi
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hoʻokomo nā aʻa i nā wahi o ka honua kahi e ulu ai nā pua. ʻO lākou ke kumu nui o kā lākou meaʻai. A mai ka nectar o nā mea kanu, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, nā melekona e hoʻopuka i ka meli. ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā no nā pua, he kuleana nui kēia mau mea ola ma ke ʻano he pollinators kūlohelohe a ʻeleu hoʻi. A he nui nā ʻano flora terestrial me ka ʻole o nā nalo e hiki ʻole ke noho a hānau kūleʻa.
Ma hea kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke aupuni o kēia mau ʻano ʻino - i nalo meli... Akā hoʻāʻo ko lākou ʻohana hihiu e noho i nā lua o ka nahele, nā ʻūlili, nā lua. Inā ʻoluʻolu ke aniau o ia wahi, a laila kau pinepine ʻia ka pūnana o ka nalo meli i nā lāʻau. I kekahi manawa aia lākou ma waena o nā paia a i ʻole ma ke keʻena o nā hale.
ʻO nā pūnana o nā mea kolo i wehewehe ʻia he hale ia o nā meli ʻaoʻao ʻālua. A me ka ʻole o lākou, he mea hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo i ke ola o kahi kolone bee (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi hui, e like me ka maʻamau o ke kāhea ʻana i nā kolone pēlā).
Koho ka pi i nā puha a me nā ʻūlū i nā kumulāʻau no ka pūnana ʻana
Kūkulu ʻia ia mau ʻāpana, i loaʻa ke kinona kūpono a loaʻa ke ʻano o ka hexagon, mai ka wax i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kēia mau mea kolo. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā bee Combs kā lākou nui kikoʻī, e like me ka nui o nā pepeke iā lākou iho.
A nānā mau ka poʻe noho o ka pūnana i ko lākou kūpaʻa. Hou, ʻo ia, ma ka mua, he kiko keʻokeʻo ko nā pūnaewele, akā i ka manawa e pouli ai lākou.
Noho kēia mau mea kolo i nā kolone, a ʻo nā lālā o lākou i māhele ʻia i mau kime. Akā ʻo nā ʻano e hana i ka ʻohana pī e haʻi ʻia i nā kikoʻī.
1. ʻO nā bee limahana ka poʻe lehulehu loa, a ʻo ka punana o ka nalo meli. ʻIke pinepine mākou iā lākou i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ke ʻano mākou. Hiki i ka helu o kēia ʻano noho i ka pūnana ke hōʻea i 80 tausani.
He aha ka hana a nā pi?? Hana lākou i ka hana nui, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kanu kūpono a me ka lawe ʻana mai i ka nectar mai iā lākou. ʻO nā pepeke hana āpau he mau wahine lalo i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia. Kū pololei lākou a mai nā hua manu momona wale nō.
2. Mōʻīwahine - ʻo kēia mea i loko o ka ʻohana pi ka wahine piha wale nō. A mai ona aku nā lālā ʻē aʻe a pau. Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka mōʻī wahine i ke ola i ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa, aia ia i kahi kūlana hanohano, no laila e hānai ʻo ia i nā pi hana a mālama pono ʻia e lākou.
Kūlohelohe kēia, no ka mea me ka ʻole o ka pūpū, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā lālā o ka ʻohana me ka make ʻana. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka nalo e ka ʻala e pū mai ana mai ona. Inā ʻaʻole e nānā ʻia kēia, lilo kēia i mea hoʻohikilele no ka make ʻana o ka uterus a pono e hānai ʻia kahi mea hou.
3. He kāne nā Drones nona ke kumu e hoʻomomona ai i ka kōpū, ʻaʻohe o lākou kuleana ʻē aʻe. Nui lākou ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā lālā o ka ʻohana a puka aʻe mai nā hua hua ʻole. A ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai e hānai iā lākou.
No laila, inā ʻaʻohe pono no lākou, kipaku kolohe ʻia nā drone e nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa hāʻule lākou i nā pūnana ʻē aʻe. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ke pau ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka nectar pua a me ka hana kope hana, ʻaʻohe a lākou koho e make ai i ka pōloli a me ke anuanu.
Hoʻomaha nā pi ma ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻokau nui ʻia hoʻi e hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau o ke ola. Mālama nā mālama hānai beekeepers i ka mālama ʻana o nā mea kolo kūloko. A pulu ʻia nā hoahānau hihiu i ka wax a me propolis a piʻi i loko o nā māwae.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ua akāka ʻo ka huahana nui a nā kolo e ʻai ai ka meli. Akā pili ka maikaʻi o kēia mea i nā kumu he nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, pehea i ola ai kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi i nā pilikia o ka hoʻoilo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea kanu kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka nectar e hoʻopili nui i ka ʻono o ka meli.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o kēia mau ʻelele o ka flora i kahi keu o ka glucose, sucrose a me nā haʻalako, no ka mea ʻo ia mau mea e kōkua i ka crystallization wikiwiki o kēia huahana. A i kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau piha i ka meli e nā pi.
A i hōʻiliʻili hoʻi i kahi nui o kēia waiwai, hiki iā lākou ke make i ka pōloli. ʻO nā mea kanu makemake ʻole ʻia, no ka laʻana, hoʻokomo i ka sinapi, ka moa, ka pulupulu, a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe.
I nā hihia kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻole kāna meaʻai, pi kaumaha nui loa. A lilo nā lālā o ka pūnana i nā maʻi a ʻinoʻino. ʻO nā mea kanu meli maikaʻi e hoʻopili ʻia: apple, cherry, pear, willow, linden a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano intrafamilial ʻokoʻa, hoʻopuka ka hui o nā nalo meli i kahi humming ʻaʻole like me kekahi i ka timbre a me ke kiʻekiʻe. No laila, nā beekeepers ʻike, e nā leo o ka hive, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā mea e hana nei i loko o ka hale pi.
ʻO ke kani o ka pūnana e hiki ai, no ka laʻana, ke ʻike he anuanu nā mea kolo o loko. Hōʻike pū kekahi ʻo ia e pili ana i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, "mele" kēlā me kēia caste o ka ʻohana i kona leo ponoʻī.
Ke kokoke e ulu ka poʻe o ka hive, hoʻopuka pū lākou i nā leo i wehewehe pono ʻia. Hana ʻia kēia ke hoʻoholo nā lālā o ka pūnana e hoʻokaʻawale i ʻohana ʻelua. I ka manawa like, lele kahi ʻāpana o ka puʻupuʻu me kahi mōʻī wahine ʻike. A i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka mea mua, hānai ʻia kahi wahine ʻōpio.
No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mōʻī wahine e hiki mai ana, kūkulu nā pi i nā waihona meli kūikawā. ʻO kēia "mōʻīwahine" o ka ʻohana e puka aʻe mai kahi hua manu momona. A ke lilo i larva, hānai ʻia ia me ka waiū kūikawā. Aia ia i ka maikaʻi o ka hānai: inā he pi hana maʻamau a i ʻole ke mōʻī wahine e puka mai i waho o kahi hua wahine.
ʻO ka hiki ke hana hou i kahi ʻāpana o nā nalo meli i ka hope i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā he ʻumi mau makahiki. Ka mōʻī wahine pī i loko o kona ola he nui nā pilina me nā drones. A helu ʻia lākou ʻaʻole i loko o nā piliona, akā i nā helu me ka nui o nā zeros.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o nā hua manu a ka mea hoʻomau o ka genus meli e waiho ai i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻoi aku i kāna kaumaha ola ponoʻī. Akā me ka makahiki o ka kōpū, loli ka maikaʻi o nā keiki. I ka manawa like, i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā drones i ka hive, a ua maikaʻi ʻole kēia no ke ola o ka ʻohana.
Noho ka nalo meli hana ma mua o 40 mau lā. Akā inā lākou e ʻike i loko o ka ʻohana kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, a laila, me ke kau hoʻoilo o ka hala, hiki iā lākou ke ola a ʻeono mau mahina. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ola o nā drones. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka uterus ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo i kēia ʻano. Hiki iā ia ke ola i kekahi manawa a i 4 mau makahiki.
He aha inā e nahu ʻia e ka nalo meli?
Aia ka stinger o kēia mea i ka hopena o ka ʻōpū. He notch kāna ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i kēia kolo ke ola ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a ka ʻenemi. ʻ Beewi pī paʻa i loko o ke kino o ka ʻenemi, a nalowale ka mea kōkua ʻole, ka mea e make ai ka mea pale wiwo ʻole o ka pūnana.
Akā ʻo ka mea i loaʻa iā ia iho, ka mea i loaʻa ka ʻāpana o ka lāʻau make, loaʻa pū kekahi mau pilikia hou aʻe mai ka nalo ʻana o ka pi. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hiki i ke kuʻi ke paʻa i ka ʻili a laila e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu i nā mea ʻino.
He maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau make o kēia kolo i ka haku mele ʻana. I ka mua, ʻike ka ʻeha i ka ʻeha mai kāna hana. A laila huli ka pūnaewele hoʻokomo ʻulaʻula i ʻulaʻula, a laila ʻike ʻia kahi edema maikaʻi ʻole, e waiho wale ana ma hope o kekahi mau lā (pinepine ʻelua a ʻekolu paha) mau lā.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā mea haole ke komo i ke kahe o ke koko ke hoʻouka i kahi maʻi āpau. Akā i ka manawa like ʻūlū pi he mea kōkua paha. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau make o kēia mau mea kolo i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā mea hoʻōla. Pepehi ʻo ia i ka bacteria a, me ka hoʻohui i nā mea ʻino, loaʻa nā mea pono he nui.
Inā ua hoʻouka ʻia kekahi kanaka e kēia mea kolo, pono mua ʻo ia e hoʻoneʻe i ke kuʻi, a laila mālama i ka wahi i pā ʻia me ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole kekahi antiseptic ʻē aʻe. Kōkua nui nā paina anuanu i ka hoʻōla. Hoʻohui ʻia, pono ka inu ʻana i nā wai he nui, no ka mea ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā mea ʻona.
