Ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lele
Ma waena o ka ʻohana hulu, nui nā lunamakaʻāinana e lawe mai i nā pōmaikaʻi kānalua ʻole a ʻo nā ʻāpana o nā ululāʻau, nā māla a me nā pāka, nā exterminators ʻino o nā kolo ʻino. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea manu lele – manu ke kaupaona wale ʻia nei a i ka 25 gram.
Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻepekema ma ke ʻano he passerine. Kū aʻe kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i kahi ʻohana ʻokoʻa, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻoki ʻia ʻia e nā meaolaola i ʻelua hanauna nunui, i kaulana no nā ʻano laha like ʻole.
He mau lele lele maoli nō kēia. I ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā mau manu ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 knm a like ka nui me nā manu liʻiliʻi - ko lākou congeners, akā kū i waho e like me kā lākou hiʻohiʻona o waho e ke kala o kā lākou plumage, i ʻike ʻia no ka ʻokoʻa a pili i nā ʻano o kēia mau manu.
ʻO nā flycatchers maoli no ka hapanui he mau kala maʻalea, i waena o lākou he brown, hina, ʻoliva me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele i hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Akā ʻoi aku ka waiwai o nā kala o nā lele lele ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā lunamaka o kēia genus he ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, uliuli a me melemele, a he kaulana lākou no nā unahi huehue o nā plumage.
ʻO nā ʻeheu o ia mau birdies, nona ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 20 cm, nānā lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka nui o ko lākou kino ʻole, akā ʻaʻole lākou ākea āpau. Ua nāwaliwali ko lākou wāwae a ʻaʻole ʻae i nā mea nona ka neʻe a neʻe koke ma luna o lākou.
He mana ka nuku a he hanana kupaianaha, me ka hōʻike ʻole i ka mea ho'ākāka flycatcher ʻaʻole e pau. He ākea a pālahalaha ia: e kū ana kahi kualapa i ka nuku.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā setae elastic ma nā kihi o ka nuku a ma ke kumu, a uhi nō hoʻi i nā puka ihu i kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO ka huelo i ka hapanui o nā laha pololei a pōkole hoʻi, e hoʻopau maʻamau i kahi ʻoki.
ʻO ka laulā o nā manu e laulā. I ʻEulopa, ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma kahi o ka ʻāinapuniʻole. Ma ka hikina, piʻi aku ko lākou wahi a hiki i ka pali o nā Ural Mountains a ʻoi aku ma waena o nā expanses o Siberia.
Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma Asia Waena a me ʻAkau Hema, e loaʻa ka puʻuhonua ma Caucasus a ʻoi aku ma ka hema, ʻoiai ma ʻApelika, kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai manu lele... Akā He aha neʻeneʻe a hoʻoilo paha ʻo kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hulu, pili pono i kona wahi noho.
E neʻe ana nā ʻohana ʻēheu e noho ana i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau i nā wā maikaʻi ʻole, e lele ana i India no ka hoʻoilo, ma ke komohana iki - i Pakistan, Iraq, Suria a ma ka hema hoʻi - i nā ʻāina ʻApelika. No kēia kumu, hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia kēia mau manu ma ke ʻano he migratory.
Lāʻano Flycatcher
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau manu i ka honua, akā ma nā wahi Lūkia he nui aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, ʻoi aku ka pololei - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikūmālima. Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā mea kaulana loa o lākou ma ke kiʻi. ʻAilana ʻokoʻa kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa mai kekahi, no ka hapa nui, i ke kala plumage.
ʻO nā ʻano e haʻi ʻōlelo kūikawā ʻia me nā mea aʻe:
1. Pahu lele hina... Akamai a akahai ke ʻano o kēia ʻano: brown-hina ka luna, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kukui liʻiliʻi ma lalo. ʻAʻole ma ka maʻamau o ka hūnā ʻana mai ka poʻe, noho pinepine kēia mau manu ʻaʻole mamao loa mai nā hale kuaʻāina, loaʻa i nā pahu a me nā pāka.
ʻOiai ʻoiai i ka maka, noho mau kēlā mau manu. Kōkua pū ʻo ia iā lākou e kūkulu i nā pūnana a hānai pono i nā keiki ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻōuli o ka lāhui a me ka noho ʻana o ke kanaka, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻAno kākaʻikahi kēlā ʻano manu, a maʻalahi kāna mele, a me nā kala.
Pahu lele hina
2. Pika lele... ʻO nā kāne o kēia ʻano e like me ke kala i nā muries, he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi o nā plumage, nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu a me ka lae, ʻo ka ʻōpū o ke kala like. ʻO nā wahine wahine hina-hina ke nānā aku i ka nui o ka inconspicuous. Kaulana nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano no ko lākou ʻano omnivorous.
Ke kūkulu nei i ko lākou pūnana, hoʻopili ʻia nā lele lele i loko o nā ana o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lua. E like me nā ʻelele o ka laha i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i ka poʻe a koho pinepine i nā pūnana hana.
Pika lele
3. Pepe lele liʻiliʻi... Ma waho, he like ia me ka Zoryanka, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me kahi kiko ʻulaʻula, aia ma ka umauma a ʻike nui ʻia i ka hapalua kāne, kū i waho i kona nui nui. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano laha e pili ana iā 11 gram, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi decimeter.
I ka wā o ka lele, ʻike pono ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo o nā lele lele liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā manu o kēia ʻano ke hana i nā leo hoihoi loa, e hōʻike ana i kahi siʻo kanikau kanikau.
Pepe lele liʻiliʻi
4. Palekana Palaka... ʻO ka inoa leʻaleʻa loa o kēia manu hoʻonaninani e ʻōlelo nei i kona nani kupaianaha, a lilo ia i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia no kēlā me kēia kanaka i laki e ʻike i kēlā ʻano hulu. ʻO kāna plumage he mea ʻokoʻa a ʻālohilohi hoʻi. Nui kona huelo, a ʻoi aku i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua.
He ʻumikumamākolu mau mea kōkua o kēia ʻano. Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou mokuʻāina nui, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole ma ka Teritori Primorsky wale nō. ʻIke ʻia ia ma Pilipine, Indonesia, Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me kahi aniau mehana. Noho kēlā mau manu i loko o nā ululāʻau nui, e hoʻāʻo ana e hūnā mai ka lāhui a me ka hale, a me nā maka prying.
Palekana Palaka
5. ʻUkini lele lele aliʻi... Pili nō kēlā mau manu i ke ʻano o nā manu kupaianaha me ka helehelena a kūʻi hoʻi. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ko lākou helehelena e kahi kuʻi kala nani i ke poʻo, e like me ke kalaunu (no kēia mau mea i loaʻa ka inoa i hōʻike ʻia).
Akā ʻaʻole hōʻike mau nā lele lele aliʻi i kēlā mea hoʻonani i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, akā i ka wā o ka noho aloha a me ka male ʻana. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano ʻē i nā ʻāpana ʻehā.
ʻUkini lele lele aliʻi
6. Pahu lele ʻeleʻele... ʻO ia no ka mahele o nā ʻāpana ʻona o ka ʻohana hulu, a ʻo ia wale nō, kū hoʻokahi a me ka hiki ʻole o kona ʻano. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hānai ia i nā mea kolo ʻino, no laila ua pulu maoli ʻia kona ʻili a me kona hulu i kahi wai hoʻopailua hoʻopailua.
Akā ke olakino o ka manu i waena nā ʻano lele i ka mea maʻamau ʻole, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻino, kūʻē i nā lāʻau ʻona he ʻano kūlohelohe a ikaika ʻole ka pale ʻana iā ia. Manaʻo ʻia ma kēia ala, loaʻa i kēia mau mea ola ka pale mai nā mea ʻino weliweli. ʻAlani-ʻeleʻele nā manu i ke kala a noho ma Nūkini i nā ulu lāʻau kūloko.
Pahu lele ʻeleʻele
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka pinepine, hiki ke loaʻa nā flycatchers i nā ulu lāʻau, i nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi, makemake lākou e noho i nā ululāʻau, e koho ana i nā wahi hāmama: nā aniani, nā aniani. Loaʻa ka manawa i ka poʻe makemake e nānā iā lākou i ka nahele e ʻike i ke kiʻi aʻe.
Aia kēia mau manu ma kahi lālā, e noho ana i kahi kū i luna, e makaʻala nei me ka makaʻala ʻana mai kēia kūlana: inā e lele kekahi nāhelehe. I ka manawa like, luliluli a haʻalulu nā ʻeheu o ka poʻe hahai holoholona, a mākaukau lākou e lele i kēlā me kēia manawa, a ke ʻike lākou i kahi pio pono, lawe lākou e kiʻi i ka mea i makemake ʻia i ka lewa.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi e nā mea ʻili hulu nui. Noho pinepine kēia mau manu i kahi kokoke i nā hale hana a me nā wahi noho kanaka.
No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā māla māla a ma nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā māla, lilo lākou i mea kūleʻa nui loa no nā mea nona nā panalā kua'āina, e luku ana i nā helu nui o nā ʻenuhe weliweli, nā larva a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻino, a ʻoiai hoʻi i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.
Meaʻai kūpono
Kāhea ʻia kēlā mau manu no ke kumu manu lele, no ka mea, ʻo kā lākou meaʻai nui nā mea kolo. Ma waho aʻe o nā lele, hiki i kēia mau mea nā dragonflies, nā lio a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā spider, nā nalo, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, nā larvae a me nā ʻenuhe, a lākou e nānā ai no nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau a ma waena o nā lālā.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia mau manu a hilinaʻi ʻia i ka hana a nā kolo, ka manawa o ke ao, ke aniau a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha o ka nuku o kēia mau manu e kōkua iā lākou e hopu i ka ʻai liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka meaʻai nui o kēia mau manu, kahi e holo wikiwiki nei, ma ka lele wale nō.
ʻO ke ala o ka hopu holoholona, ka mea i loko o nā birdies, kaohi iā lākou e mālama i kēlā me kēia. ʻOiai, no ka mea ʻo nā hoahānau i ka mea o ka saturation, hāʻawi ʻia i nā kūlana i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, he mau hoa hakakā ʻaʻohe kānalua a he mea pale wale nō i ke kaʻina o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Ke hūnā nei i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e kiaʻi ana i kahi pepeke, e hopu ana iā ia i ka lele a ʻūlū iā ia, ʻo ia mau manu e holo i kahi ma mua kahi a lākou e ʻimi nei i kahi pio hou, ke kakali nei nō me ke ahonui no ke ʻano o ka pio.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Kaha ʻia ka wā pūnana e kahi kikoʻī mele lele lele nā kāne, ka mea ʻaʻole wale e hoʻowalewale i nā wahine me ia mau mele, akā kiaʻi pū nō hoʻi me ka lili i ko lākou ʻāina. A he hōʻailona kēia e hoʻomaka ai i nā hana hānau.
Me ka ʻokoʻa o kekahi mau ʻano lele wale nō, hana nā mākua ʻelua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi pūnana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻohana manu. ʻO ka hui like ʻana, nā manu o nā manu e hana maʻamau i nā hana o ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ʻaʻole maʻalahi iki.
Pūnana lele lele hina
Pono nā lele lele lele i nā keiki, e like me ka manaʻo kuhi hewa loa, a ʻelima haneli mau manawa i ka lā, e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai i ko lākou nuku. ʻO kēia hānai nui ʻana ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule.
A i loko o kēia wā, he pōmaikaʻi nui nā hoa male-flycatchers, e luku ana i nā mea kolo, ka nui o ke kaumaha he mau kilokilo, a ʻo ka huina o nā mea pests i hōʻea i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua miliona. A kanalua ʻole kēia he kōkua nui i ka mālama ʻia o nā flora ma ka honua.
Makemake nā flycatchers hina e pūnana i ka nahele. Hoʻomaka lākou e kūkulu i kahi wahi mehameha no nā keiki moa i ka lohi loa, ma ke kau waena o Mei. A kūkulu lākou i wahi noho no nā keiki e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohana ana i ka mauʻu maloʻo, mauʻu a me nā olonā mea kanu.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano lehulehu a ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana, pili wale ka wahine i kēia mau pilikia. A ma ke ʻano he wahi moe uuku no ka pūnana, ʻo kēia mau manu he hulu hipa a me kahi hulu.
ʻO ka paʻa o kēia ʻano, maʻamau a i ʻeono kikoona, nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i Iune. ʻO ka plumage o nā pīpī i hōʻike koke ʻia i ka honua kahi hiʻohiʻona e kahi brown brownʻoi aʻe ma mua o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kahi kūlana makua.
ʻOkoʻa ka paʻa ʻana o nā pestle i ka helehelena, a ʻehiku mau hua manu bluish. Akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, e like me ka ʻohana ma luna, e pili ana i kahi crescent.
Nā hua moa lele
No ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana, makemake nā flycatchers liʻiliʻi i nā ulu lāʻau malumalu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hāpai lākou i kā lākou mau keiki i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā lāʻau fir, i kekahi manawa ma nā wahi spruce-deciduous.
Nui a ākea kāna mau pūnaewele i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā poʻe huakaʻi mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a noho pinepine ʻia a ʻekolu haneli mau mika. Keʻokeʻo nā hua manu me nā blotches ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopili ʻia nā chicks e hatch ma hope o ʻelua mau pule o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana me ka hina hina i lalo.
Ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, mālama nā kūka no kekahi manawa kokoke i ka pūnana makua, akā ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu, ua hele a wiwo ʻole, a hoʻoikaika lākou i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, e noho ana i nā ulu lāʻau. Hana kēia i ka hopena o ke kauwela.
ʻImi nā flycatchers Paradise e hūnā i ko lākou pūnana, i kūkulu ʻia mai nā lau, nā lau o ka mauʻu a me nā lālā, i ka lei aliʻi o nā lāʻau ulu. Ma ka lalo o ka noho ʻana o nā moa e hiki mai ana, laina mau ʻia ka limu. Aia i loko o kā lākou paʻa he ʻelima mau hua.
Pepeʻa lele ʻeleʻele
Aia ke ola o nā birdies i ke ʻano o ka lele lele. Hoʻomaulia pinepine ʻia ia no kahi manawa a i ʻelima mau makahiki. I ka nahelehele, piha i nā pilikia, hoʻemi pinepine ʻia kēia wā a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau keiki. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he nui nā ʻano laha a pau i ka make.
Hoʻopili kēia i ka flycatcher paradaiso. E hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu manuahi kupaianaha, ke lawe ʻia nei nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ka hapanui e mālama ʻia i ka nohona kūlohelohe kahi e noho ai nā manu. No kēia, kanu ʻia ka ulu lehu, alder, maple a me nā lāʻau ʻoka.
