Mai ka wā kahiko, ua nānā nui ka lāhui i nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia e like me ka ʻenekini. A ʻepekema, ma ke kino o Charles Darwin, mau makahiki i hala aku, ua aʻo i ko lākou ʻano a me ka waiwai i ka mahiʻai no nā makahiki he nui. A ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole. ʻOiai, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana o ka puna, hoʻomaka ka wānini i ka hana painstaking a hana, me ka ʻike ʻole, no ka pono o ka poʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
ʻAnuanu, kani ʻia ʻo ia - kahi kamaʻāina kaulana ma nā kihi pilikino. A me he mea lā, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia, hana ʻole ʻole.
Eia nō naʻe, e hauʻoli loa kekahi kanaka me ka ʻāina, e hauʻoli loa me kēlā poʻe kamaʻāina o kāna māla. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o ʻūnū ma ka Russian Federation. Akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa he hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mau ʻano.
Pili ia i ka ʻohana o annelids, kahi papa bristled liʻiliʻi. Aia kona kino lōʻihi āpau i nā apo he nui. He kanahiku paha, a ʻo ka ʻekolu paha haneli. No ka mea ulu ia i ka lōʻihi ma mua o iwakāluakūmālima kenimika.
Akā, aia nō ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau kenimika. Ua hiki aku nā ʻenuhe honua Australia i ʻelua a me ka hapa mika ka nui. ʻO kona kala i ka manaʻo maoli o ka ʻōlelo hina-ʻeleʻele - ʻulaʻula.
Eia kekahi, ma kēlā me kēia apo, a i ʻole kapa ʻia kekahi ʻāpana, aia nā hulu. I loko o kā mākou mau māla ilo, ma ke ʻano he ulu, ʻewalu mau hulu e ulu ana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou me he bristled liʻiliʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi tropical, species of polychaete o nā ilo, kahi e ulu ai ka villi i nā manawa he nui. Kōkua ka hulu i nā ʻenuhe e kolo, ma luna pono o nā puʻupuʻu lepo āpau a i ʻole ke kanu ʻana iā lākou iho i nā lua.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka lawe ʻana i ka ilo i loko o kou mau lima a kāpae i kou manamana lima mai hope a i mua. Akā no ka mea paʻakikī no ka mea ʻike ʻole e ʻike i kahi o kāna puʻupuʻu, hiki iā ʻoe ke holo māmā i kou lima ma ke kino a hoʻi i hope. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haha koke. Ma kekahi ala, e laumania loa ka ilo, a inā e huki ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, e maʻaleʻale ia.
ʻO ka mea i lawe i ka ilo i loko o kona mau lima ʻike ʻo ia i uhi ʻia me nā mucus ʻoluʻolu ʻole, a he mea nui ia nona. ʻO ka mea mua, kōkua ka mucus i ka invertebrate e neʻe manuahi i ka lepo. ʻO ka lua, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe māmā o ka ilo, hanu ia i ka ʻili. A mahalo i ka makū ma ka lau, momona ka kino i ka oxygen.
ʻOna iho ke kino o kahi anuenue, Aia i loko o nā pūʻulu o nāʻiʻo Muscle. Lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi lākou. Aia nā mākala transverse ma lalo o ka pale luna pale o ka ʻili o ka ilo.
Me kā lākou kōkua, lilo ka ilo i lōʻihi loa. A ʻo nā mākala ikaika he lonikū. Hali lākou, hoʻoliʻiliʻi ke kino. No laila, hoʻolōʻihi i kēia manawa, i kēia manawa pōkole, neʻe ka holoholona.
No nā holoholona lua lua ka honua. No laila, loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōnaehana puni holo paʻa paʻa. ʻOiai he ola ikaika ko lākou.
Hoʻopaʻa pinepine nā mākala i nā manawa he nui ma mua o nā ilo o ka lua mua. E hana i kēia, pono lākou i ke koko e hāʻawi i ka ilo me nā huaora a me nā oxygen āpau.
MA ke ʻano o ka ʻenuhe aia kekahi o nā kīʻaha koko, ua kapa ʻia kekahi o lākou ka dorsal, ʻo ka lua o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohui pū nā moku apo iā lākou. Kahe ke koko i waena o lākou mai hope a mua, a ʻo ka hope loa.
Kēlā me kēia apo, a i ʻole kapa ʻia ia, he ʻāpana, he mau paipu kāna. Wehe ʻia nā funnels ma ko lākou mau welau a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā feces ma lalo ʻenuhe honua. Pēlā e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana excretory.
No ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, he nodal ia. ʻO kāna mau mea ke kaula o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ke apo o ke aʻalolo periopharyngeal. Hana ʻia kēia mau hopena i nā olonā, a lākou hoʻi e pane i ka ʻiʻini o nā mākala i ʻaelike ʻia o ka ilo. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ka ilo ka ʻai, neʻe pono, hoʻonui, hoʻomōhala.
I ka hanana nā ʻāpana o kahi anuʻu, ʻo nā mea kuleana no ka pilau, ka pā, ka ʻike ʻana, ʻike ʻole ka naʻau. Akā aia kekahi mau pūnaewele, aia lākou ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka invertebrate. Me kā lākou kōkua, hoʻokele ka ilo ma ka lepo pouli a hiki ʻole ke hele.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi ʻo Charles Darwin e ʻike ka ʻenuhe honua. Ke nānā nei iā lākou, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka huki ʻana i kahi lau maloʻo i loko o kona hale, ua hoʻohuli pololei ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao haiki. He mea maʻalahi kēia no ka hele ʻana o ka lau ma waena o ka lua hohonu. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, lawe ʻia nā nila kuʻi e ka kumu i mahele ʻole ʻia i ʻelua.
A puni ka lā, āpau ola ua ilo hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka minuke. Piʻi ʻo ia i kēia manawa a laila piʻi i ka honua, neʻe, ale. ʻEli ka ilo i nā ala ʻelua. ʻO ia a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe, e ale i ka honua, e neʻe mālie i mua.
Inā paʻakikī ka honua. A laila haʻalele i kā lākou ʻōpala olaola. A i ʻole, hoʻolei ʻo ia iā ia me kona hopena i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, a neʻe iā ia iho. Kūpono nā paukū.
Tek, ua ilo, ʻimi holoholona i ka lepo, huki i loko o kāna mau lua, no ka hoʻīpī, nā lau like ʻole, nā uaua mai nā lau, nā ʻāpana lahilahi a me nā welu o ka hulu hipa. Hoʻokahi a mika ka hohonu o kāna mau lua. A ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ilo i ka nui, a me nā mika he ʻumi. Hana ka ʻenuhe i ka pō.
A ME no ke aha nā anuenue i ka nui nui e kolo ana i ka papa. ʻO kēia ka mea ʻaʻohe ona mea e hanu ai. Hana ʻia kēia ma hope o ka ua nui. Ua ālai ʻia ka honua me ka hou, a ʻaʻohe oxygen iki. I ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ke anuanu ʻenuhe honua hele a hohonu i ka lepo.
ʻAi ʻai honua
ʻAno maʻamau ka meaʻai o ka ilo. Ke ale nei i ka nui o ka honua me ka meaʻai. Palau a palu iki nā lau, kūpono nā kamalā no lākou no ka meaʻai. Akā ʻaʻohe ona ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole, inā ʻaʻole ʻai ka ʻenuhe.
Ke hoʻololi nei e hana ana nā ʻenuhe honua i nā lumi waiho holoʻokoʻa no lākou iho, a waiho i ka meaʻai ma laila no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAi lākou iā ia wale nō inā he pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hoʻoilo, ke paʻa loa ka honua i ka hau, a ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i nā meaʻai āpau.
I ka omo ʻana i ka meaʻai me kahi puʻupuʻu o ka honua, ma o ka pharynx, me nā neʻe ʻana o nā mākala, a laila hoʻonui i kona kino, a laila hoʻoliʻiliʻi, pahu aku ʻo ia i ka hope o ka esophagus i loko o ka goiter. Ma hope, komo i loko o ka ʻōpū. Mai ka ʻōpū, hele ia i ka pere-etch i loko o ka ʻōpū, mahalo i nā enzymes, puka i waho me ka biomass pono loa.
Ke neʻe nei, a i ka manawa like me ka meaʻai māmā, ua ilo pono e kolo i waho i kahi manawa e kiola ai i ka honua. I ka manawa like, pili ia i ka lua me kona lihi o ka huelo, me he mea lā e paʻa ana iā ia.
A ma hope o kēlā, he mau kahe lepo honua mau. Paʻa ka lepo i hana ʻia e ka ilo. E nānā e hoʻomaloʻo ia, a lilo i mau pōpō liʻiliʻi me kahi poʻo match.
Hoʻopiha ʻia kēia mau kinipōpō me nā huaora, nā ʻelima, nā mea ʻokanika, a ʻo ka hopena, make i nā koʻohune āpau i ka honua, pale i ka palaho, a he mea nui ia no nā aʻa mea kanu. A hana pū lākou i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka honua ma ke ʻano he antiseptic, disinfecting ia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hiki i nā Earthworms ke lilo i heterosexual, a me nā hermaphrodites. Loaʻa nā mānoanoa nā ʻenehu honua āpau i ka hapakolu mua o ko lākou kino. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ovary a me nā testis. Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Hermaphrodites i ka hua i loko o kekahi. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā testicle makua, ma loko o nā ʻāpana he ʻumi. A kolo akula lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa.
Ke mākaukau mua ka wahine no ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i kahi hoa, copulate. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mea e like me ka cocoon ma luna o ia mea, nona nā ʻāpana kakini i mānoanoa.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kekahi ʻano kāʻei. Loaʻa i kēia cocoon nā meaola āpau e pono ai no ka pua. Ma hope o ka momona, hoʻoneʻe ka ilo i kāna kaumaha mai iā ia iho, heʻe wale ia i ka holoholona.
ʻO nā kihi ma ka cocoon, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, huki koke ʻia i ʻole e maloʻo nā keiki e hiki mai ana ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. A laila, no ʻehā pule, oʻo nā ilo liʻiliʻi a hatch.
Hānau ʻia, pālahalaha lākou i nā ʻaoʻao āpau. A mai nā lā mua o ko lākou ola, hoʻomaka lākou i ka hana hana, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻāina. A ʻekolu mau makahiki o ko lākou nui, hiki i nā keiki makua ka nui o nā mākua.
ʻO kekahi mea e pili ana i nā ʻenuhe honua ka hiki ke hana hou. Inā hoʻokaʻawale kekahi, a i kekahi mea paha, i ʻelua hapa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e lilo kēlā me kēia hapalua i kanaka piha. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kiʻina o ka hana hou ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ka moekolohe.
A he mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole, he "capsule" nā ilo ma ka mālama ʻana i nā parasite i loko. A i ka hihia e ʻai ʻia ka ilo e kahi moa a puaʻa paha, nui ka hiki o ka maʻi o ka holoholona a manu paha me nā helminths. ʻOi aku ke ola o kahi ilo ma mua o ʻelima a ʻeono makahiki.
Ka hana a ka ʻenuhe i ka mahiʻai mea nui loa. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i ka lepo me ka oxygen, kahi mea e pono ai no nā mea āpau e ulu ana ma luna. Me kā lākou neʻe ponoʻī, kōkua lākou i nā aʻa e hoʻomohala piha.
Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia ka mākū, a hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka lepo a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Mahalo i ka neʻe mau o ka honua, me ke kōkua o nā ilo, lawe ʻia nā pōhaku mai ona aku.
Eia kekahi, me ko lākou koena hoʻopōpō, hoʻopuni lākou i ka lepo, pale iā ia mai ke kahaki. ʻĀ, a ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, hoʻomomona lākou i ka honua ke huki ʻia nā lau, nā lū kolo i loko. Pau kēia mau mea āpau a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea maikaʻi loa, nā mea hoʻohui bio maoli.
